javaweb-17：Session讲解

7.4 Session（重点）

什么是Session？

• 服务器会给每一个用户（浏览器）创建一个Session对象
• 一个Session独占一个浏览器，只要浏览器没有关闭，这个Session就存在
• 用户登录之后，整个网站它都可以访问！（保存用户的信息；保存购物车的信息…）

Session和Cookie的区别？

• Cookie是把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器，浏览器保存（可以保存多个）
• Session把用户的数据写到用户独占session中，服务器端保存（保存重要的信息，减少服务器资源的浪费）
• Session对象由服务器创建

使用场景：

• 保存一个登录用户的信息
• 购物车信息
• 在整个网站中经常会使用的数据，我们将它保存在session中

使用Session代码：

SessionDemo01.java

package com.gongyi.servlet;

import com.gongyi.pojo.Person;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码问题
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //得到Session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        //给Session中存东西
        session.setAttribute("name","工一");
        session.setAttribute("person",new Person("工一",18));
        //获取Session的ID
        String sessionId = session.getId();
        //判断Session是不是新创建
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        if(session.isNew()) {
            out.write("session创建成功，ID："+sessionId);
        } else {
            out.write("session已经在服务器存在了，ID为："+sessionId);
        }
        //Session创建的时候做了什么事情（通过抓包分析）
        //Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID", sessionId);
        //resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

SessionDemo02.java

package com.gongyi.servlet;

import com.gongyi.pojo.Person;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码问题
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //得到Session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String name = (String) session.getAttribute("name");
        System.out.println(name);
        Person person = (Person) session.getAttribute("person");
        System.out.println(person);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

SessionDemo03.java

package com.gongyi.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.removeAttribute("name");
        //手动注销session（相当于关闭浏览器）
        session.invalidate();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>CookieDemo01</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.gongyi.servlet.CookieDemo01</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>CookieDemo01</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/c1</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>CookieDemo02</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.gongyi.servlet.CookieDemo02</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>CookieDemo02</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/c2</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>CookieDemo03</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.gongyi.servlet.CookieDemo03</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>CookieDemo03</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/c3</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SessionDemo01</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.gongyi.servlet.SessionDemo01</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SessionDemo01</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/s1</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SessionDemo02</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.gongyi.servlet.SessionDemo02</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SessionDemo02</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/s2</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SessionDemo03</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.gongyi.servlet.SessionDemo03</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SessionDemo03</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/s3</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <!--    设置session默认的失效时间-->
    <session-config>
        <!--        1分钟后session自动失效，以分钟为单位-->
        <session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
</web-app>

会话自动过期：web.xml配置

 <!--    设置session默认的失效时间-->
    <session-config>
        <!--        1分钟后session自动失效，以分钟为单位-->
        <session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
    </session-config>

彩蛋

1.servlet一切繁琐步骤（重复操作）后续都会在框架中解决

1）乱码问题

2）手写servlet映射

2.Session测试时一般打开多个不同的浏览器（每个浏览器都是一个新的会话）