Ansible Role详解

Ansible Role 详解

Roles介绍

  • ansible1.2版本引入的新特性,用于层次性、结构化地组织playbookroles能够根据层次型结构自动装载变量文件、tasks以及handlers等。要使用roles只需要在playbook中使用include指令引入即可。
  • 简单来讲,roles就是通过分别将变量、文件、任务、模板及处理器放置于单独的目录中,并可以便捷的include它们的一种机制。
  • 角色一般用于基于主机构建服务的场景中,但也可以是用于构建守护进程等场景中。主要使用场景代码复用度较高的情况下。

1. Roles目录

1.1 roles 目录结构

1.2 roles 目录含义
roles:          <--所有的角色必须放在roles目录下,这个目录可以自定义位置,默认的位置在/etc/ansible/roles
  project:      <---具体的角色项目名称,比如nginx、tomcat、php
    files:     <--用来存放由copy模块或script模块调用的文件。
    templates:  <--用来存放jinjia2模板,template模块会自动在此目录中寻找jinjia2模板文件。
    tasks:     <--此目录应当包含一个main.yml文件,用于定义此角色的任务列表,此文件可以使用include包含其它的位于此目录的task文件。
      main.yml
    handlers:   <--此目录应当包含一个main.yml文件,用于定义此角色中触发条件时执行的动作。
      main.yml
    vars:    <--此目录应当包含一个main.yml文件,用于定义此角色用到的变量。
      main.yml
    defaults:   <--此目录应当包含一个main.yml文件,用于为当前角色设定默认变量。
      main.yml
    meta:   <--此目录应当包含一个main.yml文件,用于定义此角色的特殊设定及其依赖关系。
      main.yml

2. 创建httpd服务的roles(角色)

  • 新建文件夹,具体文件夹如下:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]# mkdir roles
    [root@ansibleplaybook]# mkdir roles/{httpd,nginx,mysql}
    [root@ansibleplaybook]# mkdir roles/{httpd,nginx,mysql}/{tasks,files,templates,handlers,vars}
    
  • 复制本地的httpd.conf文件,当做实验备用:

    $ cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf files/
    
  • 查看具体的文件结构:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#tree roles/
    roles/
    ├── httpd
    │   ├── files
    │   │   └── httpd.conf
    │   ├── handlers
    │   ├── tasks
    │   │   ├── config.yml
    │   │   ├── group.yml
    │   │   ├── install.yml
    │   │   ├── main.yml
    │   │   ├── service.yml
    │   │   └── user.yml
    │   ├── templates
    │   └── vars
    ├── mysql
    │   ├── files
    │   ├── handlers
    │   ├── tasks
    │   ├── templates
    │   └── vars
    └── nginx
        ├── files
        ├── handlers
        ├── tasks
        ├── templates
        └── vars
    
  • 编写httpd目录下tasks目录文件内容:

    • 创建将文件复制到对方主机上的文件:

      [root@ansibletasks]#vim config.yml
       
      - name: config file
        copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf  backup=yes
      
    • 创建用户:

      [root@ansibletasks]#vim group.yml
       
      - name: create group
        group: name=apache system=yes gid=80
      
    • 创建安装配置文件:

      [root@ansibletasks]#vim install.yml
       
      - name: install package
        yum: name=httpd
      
    • 创建服务的文件:

      [root@ansibletasks]#vim service.yml
       
      - name: service
        service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
      
    • 创建用户文件:

      [root@ansibletasks]#cat user.yml
      
      - name: create user
        user: name=apache group=apache uid=80 shell=/sbin/nologin home=/usr/share/httpd system=yes
      
    • 将所有的文件关联起来,并按顺序排列:

      [root@ansibletasks]#cat main.yml
      - include: group.yml
      - include: user.yml
      - include: install.yml
      - include: config.yml
      - include: service.yml
      
    • 将httpd.conf配置文件的端口修改为9527:

      [root@ansibleroles]#vim httpd/files/httpd.conf
      Listen  9527
      
    • 编写playbook剧本,用来调用httpd整个目录下的内容:

      [root@ansibleplaybook]#vim httpd_roles.yml
       
      - hosts: webs
        remote_user: root
       
        roles:
          - role: httpd
      
    • 编写一个网站文件,并在屏幕上显示,验证当前的信息:

      [root@ansibleroles]#vim httpd/files/index.html
       
      <h1>welcome to beijing!</h1>
      
    • 将创建的index.html数据复制到/var/www/html目录下,相当于是给页面准备一个文件:

      [root@ansibleroles]#vim httpd/tasks/data.yml
       
      - name: data file
        copy: src=index.html  dest=/var/www/html/
      
    • 将创建的数据放到main.yml文件中,按顺序进行执行:

      [root@ansibleroles]#vim httpd/tasks/main.yml
      - include: group.yml
      - include: user.yml
      - include: install.yml
      - include: config.yml
      - include: service.yml
      - include: data.yml
      
    • 查看当前创建的目录文件结构:

      [root@ansibleplaybook]#tree roles/httpd
      roles/httpd
      ├── files
      │   ├── httpd.conf
      │   └── index.html
      ├── handlers
      ├── tasks
      │   ├── config.yml
      │   ├── data.yml
      │   ├── group.yml
      │   ├── install.yml
      │   ├── main.yml
      │   ├── service.yml
      │   └── user.yml
      ├── templates
      └── vars
      
  • 执行playbook

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible-playbook  httpd_roles.yml
     
    PLAY [webs] **********************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ***********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : create group] ******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : create user] *******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : install package] ***************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : config file] *******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : service] ***********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    PLAY RECAP ***********************************************************************************************************
    192.168.34.103             : ok=6    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0
    
  • 查看httpd端口开启情况:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible webs -a "ss -nlt"
    192.168.34.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port             
    LISTEN     0      50           *:139                      *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      128          *:82                       *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      128          *:22                       *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                       *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      50           *:445                      *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      50          :::139                     :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      128         :::80                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      32          :::21                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      128         :::22                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      128         :::9527                    :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      100        ::1:25                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      50          :::445                     :::*
    
  • 查看网页信息打开情况:

3. 创建nginx服务的roles(角色):

  • 将之前httpd做实验的子目录文件都复制一份到nginx目录下:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#cd roles/
    [root@ansibleroles]#ls
     httpd  mysql
    [root@ansibleroles]#rm -rf nginx/
    [root@ansibleroles]#cp -r httpd/ nginx
    
  • 将roles/nginx/tasks/main.yml文件顺序进行修改:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#vim roles/nginx/tasks/main.yml
    - include: install.yml
    - include: config.yml
    - include: service.yml
    
  • 删除多余的tasks目录下的文件:

    [root@ansiblenginx]#cd tasks/
    [root@ansibletasks]#ls
    config.yml data.yml group.yml install.yml main.yml service.yml user.yml
    [root@ansibletasks]#rm -rf group.yml  user.yml
    
  • 修改config.yml配置文件,使用template模板形式进行修改:

    [root@ansibletasks]#vim config.yml
     
    - name: config file
      template: src=nginx.conf.j2   dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    
  • 将本地已安装好的nginx的nginx.conf配置文件复制到template目录下,起名叫nginx.conf.j2

    [root@ansiblenginx]#yum install nginx -y
    [root@ansiblenginx]#cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf  templates/nginx.conf.j2
    
  • 修改nginx/templates/nginx.conf.j2配置文件的CPU内核:

    [root@ansibletemplates]#vim nginx.conf.j2
     
    # For more information on configuration, see:
    #   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
    #   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
     
    user nginx;
    worker_processes {{ansible_processor_count**3}};
    
  • 跨角色调用httpd服务文件内容:

    [root@ansiblenginx]#vim tasks/data.yml
     
    - name: data
      copy: src=roles/httpd/files/index.html  dest=/usr/share/nginx/html/
    
  • 将data.yml放入到main.yml文件中、安装的nginx软件名称修改,以及要启动的服务名称修改:

    [root@ansiblenginx]#vim tasks/main.yml
     
    - include: install.yml
    - include: config.yml
    - include: service.yml
    - include: data.yml 
     
    [root@ansiblenginx]#vim tasks/install.yml   将安装的nginx文件名修改
     
    - name: install package
    yum: name=nginx
     
    [root@ansiblenginx]#vim tasks/service.yml  将启动的服务名称修改
     
    - name: service
    service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes
    
  • 最后在playbook目录下创建nginx_rolee.yml配置文件(跟roles目录平级):

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#vim nginx_roles.yml
     
    - hosts: webs
      remote_user: root
     
      roles:
        - role: nginx
        - role: httpd
    
  • 执行playbook

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible-playbook nginx_roles.yml  执行剧本
    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible webs -a "ss -nlt"  查看当前的端口执行情况:80和9527端口都已打开
    192.168.34.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port             
    LISTEN     0      50           *:139                      *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      128          *:80                       *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      128          *:22                       *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                       *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      50           *:445                      *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      50          :::139                     :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      128         :::80                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      32          :::21                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      128         :::22                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      128         :::9527                    :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      100        ::1:25                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      50          :::445                     :::*
    
  • 此时用nginx服务默认的80端口已经可以打开网页,已经实现了跨角色调用文件:

4. 如果触发notify和handlers两个角色,可以修改相关文件,具体如下:

[root@ansibleplaybook]#vim roles/nginx/tasks/config.yml
 
- name: config file
  template: src=nginx.conf.j2   dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
  notify: restart  此处的名称要和handlers一致<br>
[root@ansibleplaybook]#vim roles/nginx/handlers/main.yml<br>
- name: restart
service: name=nginx state=restarted
  • 为了验证重启效果,此时我们可以将nginx.conf.j2配置文件的端口修改为8080:

    root@ansibleplaybook]#vim roles/nginx/templates/nginx.conf.j2
    server {
            listen       8080 default_server;
    
  • 执行playbook

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible-playbook nginx_roles.yml
    PLAY [webs] **********************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ***********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [nginx : install package] ***************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [nginx : config file] *******************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [nginx : service] ***********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [nginx : data] **************************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : create group] ******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : create user] *******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : install package] ***************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : config file] *******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : service] ***********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : data file] *********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    RUNNING HANDLER [nginx : restart] ************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
     
    PLAY RECAP ***********************************************************************************************************
    192.168.34.103             : ok=12   changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0 
    
  • 查看当前运行结果,此时的控制的机器nginx端口打开的是8080:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible webs -a "ss -nlt"
    192.168.34.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port             
    LISTEN     0      50           *:139                      *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      128          *:8080                     *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      128          *:22                       *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                       *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      50           *:445                      *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      50          :::139                     :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      128         :::80                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      32          :::21                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      128         :::22                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      128         :::9527                    :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      100        ::1:25                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      50          :::445                     :::*
    
  • 下来,我们添加变量格式:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#vim roles/nginx/vars/main.yml
     
    username: daemon
    
  • 将roles/nginx/templates/nginx.conf.j2配置文件的名称修改:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#vim roles/nginx/templates/nginx.conf.j2
     
    # For more information on configuration, see:
    #   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
    #   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
     
    user {{username}};
    
  • 执行playbook

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible-playbook nginx_roles.yml
     
    PLAY [webs] **********************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ***********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [nginx : install package] ***************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [nginx : config file] *******************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [nginx : service] ***********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [nginx : data] **************************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : create group] ******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : create user] *******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : install package] ***************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : config file] *******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : service] ***********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : data file] *********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
     
    RUNNING HANDLER [nginx : restart] ************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
     
    PLAY RECAP ***********************************************************************************************************
    192.168.34.103             : ok=12   changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0
    
  • 查看当前的nginx的名称,此时已经修改为daemon:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible webs -a "ps aux | grep nginx"
    192.168.34.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    root      25536  0.0  0.1 120796  2092 ?        Ss   10:47   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
    daemon    25537  0.0  0.1 121180  3124 ?        S    10:47   0:00 nginx: worker process
    root      25602  0.0  0.0 113176  1216 pts/1    S+   10:48   0:00 /bin/sh -c ps aux | grep nginx
    root      25604  0.0  0.0 112708   960 pts/1    R+   10:48   0:00 grep nginx
    

5. 实现条件判断调用角色:

[root@ansibleplaybook]#vim roles/httpd/tasks/config.yml
 
- name: config file1
  template: src=httpd6.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  backup=yes
  when: ansible_distribution_major_version=="6"
- name: config file2
  template: src=httpd7.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf  backup=yes
  when: ansible_distribution_major_version=="7"
  • 将安装好的centos6和centos7的httpd配置文件复制到roles/httpd/templates/目录下,文件名后缀都是以.j2结尾:

    [root@centos6~]#scp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 192.168.34.101:/root/playbook/roles/httpd/templates/httpd6.conf.j2
    root@192.168.34.101's password:
    httpd.conf                                                                          100%   34KB  33.6KB/s   00:00
    
  • 将centos7的httpd.conf配置文件也放在roles/httpd/templates/目录下,起名以j2结尾:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf roles/httpd/templates/httpd7.conf.j2
    
  • 修改当前的http_roles.yml配置文件,里边的apps组才有centos6和7的版本:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#vim http_roles.yml
     
    - hosts: apps
      remote_user: root
     
      roles:
        - role: httpd
    
  • 执行playbook剧本:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible-playbook http_roles.yml
     
    PLAY [apps] **********************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ***********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : create group] ******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : create user] *******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : install package] ***************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : config file1] ******************************************************************************************
    skipping: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : config file2] ******************************************************************************************
    skipping: [192.168.34.105]
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : service] ***********************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : data file] *********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    PLAY RECAP ***********************************************************************************************************
    192.168.34.103             : ok=7    changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0  
    192.168.34.105             : ok=7    changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0 
    
  • 查看安装好后的httpd运行结果:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible apps -a "ss -nltp"
    192.168.34.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port             
    LISTEN     0      50           *:139                      *:*                   users:(("smbd",pid=6721,fd=36))
    LISTEN     0      128          *:80                       *:*                   users:(("httpd",pid=27209,fd=3),("httpd",pid=27208,fd=3),("httpd",pid=27207,fd=3),("httpd",pid=27206,fd=3),("httpd",pid=27205,fd=3),("httpd",pid=27204,fd=3))
    LISTEN     0      128          *:8080                     *:*                   users:(("nginx",pid=25537,fd=6),("nginx",pid=25536,fd=6))
    LISTEN     0      128          *:22                       *:*                   users:(("sshd",pid=6719,fd=3))
    LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                       *:*                   users:(("master",pid=6818,fd=13))
    LISTEN     0      50           *:445                      *:*                   users:(("smbd",pid=6721,fd=35))
    LISTEN     0      50          :::139                     :::*                   users:(("smbd",pid=6721,fd=34))
    LISTEN     0      128         :::80                      :::*                   users:(("nginx",pid=25537,fd=7),("nginx",pid=25536,fd=7))
    LISTEN     0      32          :::21                      :::*                   users:(("vsftpd",pid=6718,fd=4))
    LISTEN     0      128         :::22                      :::*                   users:(("sshd",pid=6719,fd=4))
    LISTEN     0      100        ::1:25                      :::*                   users:(("master",pid=6818,fd=14))
    LISTEN     0      50          :::445                     :::*                   users:(("smbd",pid=6721,fd=33))
     
    192.168.34.105 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q        Local Address:Port          Peer Address:Port
    LISTEN     0      128               127.0.0.1:6010                     *:*      users:(("sshd",5804,7))
    LISTEN     0      128                     ::1:6010                    :::*      users:(("sshd",5804,6))
    LISTEN     0      128                      :::43999                   :::*      users:(("rpc.statd",1781,10))
    LISTEN     0      128                      :::111                     :::*      users:(("rpcbind",1674,11))
    LISTEN     0      128                       *:111                      *:*      users:(("rpcbind",1674,8))
    LISTEN     0      128                       *:58740                    *:*      users:(("rpc.statd",1781,8))
    LISTEN     0      128                      :::22                      :::*      users:(("sshd",2079,4))
    LISTEN     0      128                       *:22                       *:*      users:(("sshd",2079,3))
    LISTEN     0      128                      :::87                      :::*      users:(("httpd",8981,6),("httpd",9097,6),("httpd",9098,6),("httpd",9099,6),("httpd",9100,6),("httpd",9101,6),("httpd",9102,6),("httpd",9103,6),("httpd",9104,6))
    LISTEN     0      64                       :::23                      :::*      users:(("xinetd",2103,5))
    LISTEN     0      128               127.0.0.1:631                      *:*      users:(("cupsd",1826,7))
    LISTEN     0      128                     ::1:631                     :::*      users:(("cupsd",1826,6))
    LISTEN     0      100                     ::1:25                      :::*      users:(("master",2209,13))
    LISTEN     0      100               127.0.0.1:25                       *:*      users:(("master",2209,12))
    

6. 使用标签实现playbook角色调用:

[root@ansibleplaybook]#vim all_roles.yml
 
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root
 
  roles:
    - {role: httpd,tags: ["httpd","web"]}  将两个服务整体作为一个字典,然后贴上标签:
    - {role: nginx,tags: ["nginx","web"]}
    - {role: mysql,tags: db}
  • 执行标签的其中一个playbook内容:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible-playbook -t httpd all_roles.yml
     
    PLAY [all] ***********************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ***********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : create group] ******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : create user] *******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : install package] ***************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : config file1] ******************************************************************************************
    skipping: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : config file2] ******************************************************************************************
    skipping: [192.168.34.105]
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : service] ***********************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : data file] *********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    PLAY RECAP ***********************************************************************************************************
    192.168.34.103             : ok=7    changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0  
    192.168.34.105             : ok=7    changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0
    
  • 查看执行后的内容:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible all -a "ss -nlt"
    192.168.34.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port             
    LISTEN     0      50           *:139                      *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      128          *:22                       *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                       *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      50           *:445                      *:*                 
    LISTEN     0      50          :::139                     :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      128         :::80                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      32          :::21                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      128         :::22                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      100        ::1:25                      :::*                 
    LISTEN     0      50          :::445                     :::*                 
     
    192.168.34.105 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q        Local Address:Port          Peer Address:Port
    LISTEN     0      128               127.0.0.1:6010                     *:*    
    LISTEN     0      128                     ::1:6010                    :::*    
    LISTEN     0      128                      :::43999                   :::*    
    LISTEN     0      128                      :::111                     :::*    
    LISTEN     0      128                       *:111                      *:*    
    LISTEN     0      128                       *:58740                    *:*    
    LISTEN     0      128                      :::22                      :::*    
    LISTEN     0      128                       *:22                       *:*    
    LISTEN     0      128                      :::87                      :::*    
    LISTEN     0      64                       :::23                      :::*    
    LISTEN     0      128               127.0.0.1:631                      *:*    
    LISTEN     0      128                     ::1:631                     :::*    
    LISTEN     0      100                     ::1:25                      :::*    
    LISTEN     0      100               127.0.0.1:25                       *:*   
    
  • 执行web标签的playbook,就会将定义标签的httpd和nginx两个文件都执行:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible-playbook -t web all_roles.yml
     
    PLAY [apps] **********************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ***********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : create group] ******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : create user] *******************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : install package] ***************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : config file1] ******************************************************************************************
    skipping: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : config file2] ******************************************************************************************
    skipping: [192.168.34.105]
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [httpd : service] ***********************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [httpd : data file] *********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [nginx : install package] ***************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [nginx : config file] *******************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [nginx : service] ***********************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
     
    TASK [nginx : data] **************************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    RUNNING HANDLER [nginx : restart] ************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    PLAY RECAP ***********************************************************************************************************
    192.168.34.103             : ok=12   changed=8    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0  
    192.168.34.105             : ok=12   changed=8    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=1    rescued=0    ignored=0
    
  • 查看执行结果的状态:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible apps -a "ss -nlpt"
    192.168.34.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port             
    LISTEN     0      50           *:139                      *:*                   users:(("smbd",pid=6721,fd=36))
    LISTEN     0      128          *:8080                     *:*                   users:(("nginx",pid=38028,fd=6),("nginx",pid=38027,fd=6))
    LISTEN     0      128          *:22                       *:*                   users:(("sshd",pid=6719,fd=3))
    LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                       *:*                   users:(("master",pid=6818,fd=13))
    LISTEN     0      50           *:445                      *:*                   users:(("smbd",pid=6721,fd=35))
    LISTEN     0      50          :::139                     :::*                   users:(("smbd",pid=6721,fd=34))
    LISTEN     0      32          :::21                      :::*                   users:(("vsftpd",pid=6718,fd=4))
    LISTEN     0      128         :::22                      :::*                   users:(("sshd",pid=6719,fd=4))
    LISTEN     0      100        ::1:25                      :::*                   users:(("master",pid=6818,fd=14))
    LISTEN     0      128         :::90                      :::*                   users:(("nginx",pid=38028,fd=7),("nginx",pid=38027,fd=7))
    LISTEN     0      50          :::445                     :::*                   users:(("smbd",pid=6721,fd=33))
    LISTEN     0      128         :::99                      :::*                   users:(("httpd",pid=37535,fd=4),("httpd",pid=37534,fd=4),("httpd",pid=37533,fd=4),("httpd",pid=37532,fd=4),("httpd",pid=37531,fd=4),("httpd",pid=37530,fd=4))
     
    192.168.34.105 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    State      Recv-Q Send-Q        Local Address:Port          Peer Address:Port
    LISTEN     0      128               127.0.0.1:6010                     *:*      users:(("sshd",5804,7))
    LISTEN     0      128                     ::1:6010                    :::*      users:(("sshd",5804,6))
    LISTEN     0      128                      :::43999                   :::*      users:(("rpc.statd",1781,10))
    LISTEN     0      128                      :::111                     :::*      users:(("rpcbind",1674,11))
    LISTEN     0      128                       *:111                      *:*      users:(("rpcbind",1674,8))
    LISTEN     0      128                       *:58740                    *:*      users:(("rpc.statd",1781,8))
    LISTEN     0      128                      :::8181                    :::*      users:(("httpd",20990,6),("httpd",21802,6),("httpd",21803,6),("httpd",21804,6),("httpd",21805,6),("httpd",21806,6),("httpd",21807,6),("httpd",21808,6),("httpd",21809,6))
    LISTEN     0      128                      :::22                      :::*      users:(("sshd",2079,4))
    LISTEN     0      128                       *:22                       *:*      users:(("sshd",2079,3))
    LISTEN     0      64                       :::23                      :::*      users:(("xinetd",2103,5))
    LISTEN     0      128               127.0.0.1:631                      *:*      users:(("cupsd",1826,7))
    LISTEN     0      128                     ::1:631                     :::*      users:(("cupsd",1826,6))
    LISTEN     0      100                     ::1:25                      :::*      users:(("master",2209,13))
    LISTEN     0      100               127.0.0.1:25                       *:*      users:(("master",2209,12))
    

7. 做一个memcached小实验:

目的:是为了定义当前缓存服务器在内存中占比,应该设置多大?

  • 安装memcached:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#yum install memcached  -y
    [root@ansibleplaybook]#cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached
    PORT="11211"
    USER="memcached"
    MAXCONN="1024"
    CACHESIZE="64"  当前的缓存大小
    OPTIONS=""
    
  • 定义memcached角色:

    [root@ansibleroles]#cd roles
    [root@ansibleroles]#cp httpd/ memcached -r  将httpd服务复制memcached,在里边进行修改
    
  • 删除之前指定的httpd相关文件:

    [root@ansibletasks]#cd roles/memcached/tasks
    [root@ansibletasks]#rm -f data.yml  user.yml  group.yml   删除不需要的文件
    [root@ansiblememcached]#cp /etc/sysconfig/memcached  templates/memcached.j2  复制memcached到templates目录下,起名叫memcached.j2
    [root@ansiblememcached]#vim templates/memcache.j2  修改memcached相关配置
     
    PORT="11211"
    USER="memcached"
    MAXCONN="1024"
    CACHESIZE="{{ansible_memtotal_mb//4}}"  将变量进行整除。
    OPTIONS=""
    
  • 修改配置文件:

    [root@ansiblememcached]#vim tasks/config.yml
     
    - name: config file1
      template: src=memcached.j2 dest=/etc/sysconfig/memcached   backup=yes
    
  • 修改main.yml配置文件:

    [root@ansiblememcached]#vim tasks/main.yml
     
    - include: install.yml
    - include: config.yml
    - include: service.yml
    
  • 修改安装配置文件

    [root@ansiblememcached]#vim tasks/install.yml
     
    - name: install package
      yum: name=memcached
    
  • 配置启动服务文件:

    [root@ansiblememcached]#vim tasks/service.yml
     
    - name: service
      service: name=memcached  state=started enabled=yes
    
  • 然后在playbook目录下创建一个roles角色playbook剧本:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#vim test_memcached.yml
     
    - hosts: apps
      remote_user: root
     
      roles:
        - role: memcached
    
  • 然后将centos6和centos7的内存大小分别调整为3G和2G,执行playbook:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible-playbook test_memcached.yml
     
    PLAY [apps] **********************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ***********************************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    ok: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [memcached : install package] ***********************************************************************************
    ok: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [memcached : config file1] **************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
     
    TASK [memcached : service] *******************************************************************************************
    changed: [192.168.34.105]
    changed: [192.168.34.103]
     
    PLAY RECAP ***********************************************************************************************************
    192.168.34.103             : ok=4    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0  
    192.168.34.105             : ok=4    changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0 
    
  • 查看对方的内存大小情况,可以看到,之前的内存大小默认是64,此时已经有所改变:

    [root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible apps -a "cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached"
    192.168.34.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    PORT="11211"
    USER="memcached"
    MAXCONN="1024"
    CACHESIZE="496"
    OPTIONS=""
     
    192.168.34.105 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    PORT="11211"
    USER="memcached"
    MAXCONN="1024"
    CACHESIZE="244"
    OPTIONS=""
    

8. Ansible roles总结

1.编写任务(task)的时候,里面不需要写需要执行的主机,单纯的写某个任务是干什么的即可,装软件的就是装软件的,启动的就是启动的。单独做某一件事即可,最后通过main.yml将这些单独的任务安装执行顺序include进来即可,这样方便维护且一目了然。
2.定义变量时候直接安装k:v格式将变量写在vars/main.yml文件即可,然后task或者template直接调用即可,会自动去vars/main.yml文件里面去找。
3.定义handlers时候,直接在handlers/main.yml文件中写需要做什么事情即可,多可的话可以全部写在该文件里面,也可以像task那样分开来写,通过include引入一样的可以。在task调用notify时直接写与handlers名字对应即可(二者必须高度一直)。
4.模板文件一样放在templates目录下即可,task调用的时候直接写文件名字即可,会自动去到templates里面找。注意:如果是一个角色调用另外一个角色的单个task时候,那么task中如果有些模板或者文件,就得写绝对路径了。

=4 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0


- 查看对方的内存大小情况,可以看到,之前的内存大小默认是64,此时已经有所改变:

```shell
[root@ansibleplaybook]#ansible apps -a "cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached"
192.168.34.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="496"
OPTIONS=""
 
192.168.34.105 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="244"
OPTIONS=""

8. Ansible roles总结

1.编写任务(task)的时候,里面不需要写需要执行的主机,单纯的写某个任务是干什么的即可,装软件的就是装软件的,启动的就是启动的。单独做某一件事即可,最后通过main.yml将这些单独的任务安装执行顺序include进来即可,这样方便维护且一目了然。
2.定义变量时候直接安装k:v格式将变量写在vars/main.yml文件即可,然后task或者template直接调用即可,会自动去vars/main.yml文件里面去找。
3.定义handlers时候,直接在handlers/main.yml文件中写需要做什么事情即可,多可的话可以全部写在该文件里面,也可以像task那样分开来写,通过include引入一样的可以。在task调用notify时直接写与handlers名字对应即可(二者必须高度一直)。
4.模板文件一样放在templates目录下即可,task调用的时候直接写文件名字即可,会自动去到templates里面找。注意:如果是一个角色调用另外一个角色的单个task时候,那么task中如果有些模板或者文件,就得写绝对路径了。

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