AtomicInteger

AtomicInteger作为一个线程安全类，在多线程环境下做计数器是一个很好的选择
AtomicInteger的线程可见性靠volatile关键字保证，递增或者递减的顺序性靠jdk的Unsafe类来实现

成员变量

 	private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
 	//对象偏移量
    private static final long valueOffset;
    //计数变量
    private volatile int value;

初始化对象偏移量

static {
      try {
        valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
            (AtomicInteger.class.getDeclaredField("value"));
      } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
    }

AtomicInteger常用的方法有:get set getAndIncrement getAndDecrement getAndAdd incrementAndGet decrementAndGet addAndGet

public final int get() {
        return value;
    }
    
    public final void set(int newValue) {
        value = newValue;
    }
public final int getAndIncrement() {
        for (;;) {
            int current = get();
            int next = current + 1;
            if (compareAndSet(current, next))
                return current;
        }
    }

    public final int getAndDecrement() {
        for (;;) {
            int current = get();
            int next = current - 1;
            if (compareAndSet(current, next))
                return current;
        }
    }

    public final int getAndAdd(int delta) {
        for (;;) {
            int current = get();
            int next = current + delta;
            if (compareAndSet(current, next))
                return current;
        }
    }
    
    public final int incrementAndGet() {
        for (;;) {
            int current = get();
            int next = current + 1;
            if (compareAndSet(current, next))
                return next;
        }
    }
    
    public final int decrementAndGet() {
        for (;;) {
            int current = get();
            int next = current - 1;
            if (compareAndSet(current, next))
                return next;
        }
    }

    public final int addAndGet(int delta) {
        for (;;) {
            int current = get();
            int next = current + delta;
            if (compareAndSet(current, next))
                return next;
        }
    }

从代码中可知 ，get、set这类直接获取值与设置值的方法由于不需要运算，直接依赖volatile的线程可见性特性即可实现，而递增递减这些方法需要运算，jdk利用了cas方式实现，先用普通运算符计算出结果，再利用Unsafe 类cas方式设置结果，失败则重新运算与设置，成功即退出