java企业级信息系统开发学习笔记07 基于java配置方式使用Spring MVC

一、学习目标

二、基于java配置方式使用Spring MVC

（一）创建Maven项目

（二）添加相关依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>net.huawei.spring</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringMvcDemo02</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <!-- spring.version -->
        <spring.version>5.3.25</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--Spring核心-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring Bean-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring容器-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring数据库支持-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--数据库驱动工具包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.49</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--数据库连接池框架-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.24</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--日志框架-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring AOP-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--AspectJ支持-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.6</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring Web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring MVC-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--JSP标准标签库-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Servlet-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--对json的支持-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--对xml的支持-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.3</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

（三）创建日志属性文件

log4j.rootLogger=WARN, stdout, logfile
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/springmvc.log
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n

（四）创建首页文件

<%@ page import="java.util.Date" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>首页</title>        
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1 style="text-align: center">Welcome to Spring MVC World~</h1>
        <h3 style="text-align: center"><%= new Date() %></h3> <!--JSP表达式元素-->
    </body>
</html>

（五）创建Spring MVC配置类

package net.huawei.spring.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;

/**
 * 功能：Spring MVC配置类
 * 作者：华卫
 * 日期：2023年03月22日
 */
@Configuration // 表明当前类是配置类
@EnableWebMvc  // 启用Web MVC功能
@ComponentScan("net.huawei.spring") // 组件扫描
public class SpringMvcConfig {
    // 定义内部资源视图解析器
    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() {
        // 创建内部资源视图解析器对象
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        // 设置内部资源视图解析器对象属性
        viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class); // 设置视图类
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/classes/templates/"); // 设置前缀
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); // 设置后缀
        // 返回内部资源视图解析器对象
        return viewResolver;
    }
}

（六）创建Web应用初始化配置类

package net.huawei.spring.config;

import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;

/**
 * 功能：Web应用初始化配置类
 * 作者：华卫
 * 日期：2023年03月22日
 */
public class MyWebAppInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        // 创建Web应用容器（基于注解配置类的Web应用容器）
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        // 注册配置类
        context.register(SpringMvcConfig.class); // 对应先前的spring-mvc-config.xml文件
        // 绑定当前的ServletContext对象 - 方法的参数（servletContext）
        context.setServletContext(servletContext);
        // 注册Spring MVC的前端控制器（DispatcherServlet）
        ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(context));
        // 过滤一切资源请求
        servlet.addMapping("/");
        // 设置启动加载顺序
        servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
    }
}

（七）创建演示控制器

package net.huawei.spring.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

/**
 * 功能：演示控制器
 * 作者：华卫
 * 日期：2023年03月22日
 */
@Controller
public class DemoController {
    @GetMapping("/index")
    public String index() {
        // 返回逻辑视图名
        return "index";
    }
}

（八）配置Tomcat服务器

• 上一学习笔记讲过 对照上一笔记配置

（九）启动服务器，查看效果