自然语言句法分析标注解释

来自：http://www.surdeanu.info/mihai/teaching/ista555-fall13/readings/PennTreebankConstituents.html#Function

从句级别的符号说明：（5个）

• S - simple declarative clause, i.e. one that is not introduced by a (possible empty) subordinating conjunction or a wh-word and that does not exhibit subject-verb inversion.
• SBAR - Clause introduced by a (possibly empty) subordinating conjunction.
• SBARQ - Direct question introduced by a wh-word or a wh-phrase. Indirect questions and relative clauses should be bracketed as SBAR, not SBARQ.
• SINV - Inverted declarative sentence, i.e. one in which the subject follows the tensed verb or modal. 
• SQ - Inverted yes/no question, or main clause of a wh-question, following the wh-phrase in SBARQ.

短语级别的符号说明：（21个）

• ADJP - Adjective Phrase.

• ADVP - Adverb Phrase.

• CONJP - Conjunction Phrase.

• FRAG - Fragment.

• INTJ - Interjection. Corresponds approximately to the part-of-speech tag UH.

• LST - List marker. Includes surrounding punctuation.

• NAC - Not a Constituent; used to show the scope of certain prenominal modifiers within an NP.

• NP - Noun Phrase.

• NX - Used within certain complex NPs to mark the head of the NP. Corresponds very roughly to N-bar level but used quite differently.

• PP - Prepositional Phrase.

• PRN - Parenthetical.

• PRT - Particle. Category for words that should be tagged RP.

• QP - Quantifier Phrase (i.e. complex measure/amount phrase); used within NP.

• RRC - Reduced Relative Clause.

• UCP - Unlike Coordinated Phrase.

• VP - Vereb Phrase.

• WHADJP - Wh-adjective Phrase. Adjectival phrase containing a wh-adverb, as in how hot.

• WHADVP - Wh-adverb Phrase. Introduces a clause with an NP gap. May be null (containing the 0 complementizer) or lexical, containing a wh-adverb such as how or why.

• WHNP - Wh-noun Phrase. Introduces a clause with an NP gap. May be null (containing the 0 complementizer) or lexical, containing some wh-word, e.g. who, which book, whose daughter, none of which, or how many leopards.

• WHPP - Wh-prepositional Phrase. Prepositional phrase containing a wh-noun phrase (such as of which or by whose authority) that either introduces a PP gap or is contained by a WHNP.

• X - Unknown, uncertain, or unbracketable. X is often used for bracketing typos and in bracketing the...the-constructions.

词语级别的标记说明：（36个）

• CC - Coordinating conjunction

• CD - Cardinal number

• DT - Determiner

• EX - Existential there

• FW - Foreign word

• IN - Preposition or subordinating conjunction

• JJ - Adjective

• JJR - Adjective, comparative

• JJS - Adjective, superlative

• LS - List item marker

• MD - Modal

• NN - Noun, singular or mass

• NNS - Noun, plural

• NNP - Proper noun, singular

• NNPS - Proper noun, plural

• PDT - Predeterminer

• POS - Possessive ending

• PRP - Personal pronoun

• PRP$ - Possessive pronoun (prolog version PRP-S)

• RB - Adverb

• RBR - Adverb, comparative

• RBS - Adverb, superlative

• RP - Particle

• SYM - Symbol

• TO - to

• UH - Interjection

• VB - Verb, base form

• VBD - Verb, past tense

• VBG - Verb, gerund or present participle

• VBN - Verb, past participle

• VBP - Verb, non-3rd person singular present

• VBZ - Verb, 3rd person singular present

• WDT - Wh-determiner

• WP - Wh-pronoun

• WP$ - Possessive wh-pronoun (prolog version WP-S)

• WRB - Wh-adverb