1.设计思路
- 通过HTML5+CSS3绘制表格,使用<table> 标签定义 HTML 表格
- 通过json-server来模拟后台数据接口,在目录中创建data.json文件,存放表格中要显示的数据
- 将JS程序设计为三个可按需导入的独立模块,table模块用来渲染表格;student类用来封装数据,使用async声明异步请求:修改和删除;tips模块指示输入错误时的动画提示
2.实现方法及核心代码
thead中tr 元素定义表格行,th 元素定义表头
tbody显示表格内容
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
<script type="module" src="index.mjs"></script>
<title>table</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="tableBox">
<h2 class="title">学生成绩表格</h2>
<div class="err" id="tips">成绩输入有误,请重新输入!</div>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>学号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>语文</th>
<th>数学</th>
<th>英语</th>
<th>总分</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody id="tbody"></tbody>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
async定义getUserData()函数封装GET的异步请求获取json.data中的数据 。
async getUserData() {
var url = "http://localhost:3000/student";
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('GET', url, false);
xhr.send();
if (xhr.status === 200) {
var studentsData = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
var student;
new Tips("加载成功!!", Tips.TipsClassName.success).showTips();
for (student of studentsData) {
this.students.push(new Student(student));
}
} else {
new Tips("加载失败!!", Tips.TipsClassName.error).showTips();
console.error('Error: ' + xhr.status);
}
}
加载表格中的数据,并给删除按钮添加点击事件。
async loadUserTable() {
var that = this;
var userData = this.students;
var tbody = document.getElementById("tbody");
var innerHtml = "";
var student;
for (student of userData) {
innerHtml += `
<tr>
<td data-id="${student.id}">${student.id}</td>
<td name="name" data-id="${student.id}" >${student.name}</td>
<td name="grade" data-id="${student.id}" data-name="yw">${student.yw}</td>
<td name="grade" data-id="${student.id}" data-name="sx">${student.sx}</td>
<td name="grade" data-id="${student.id}" data-name="yy">${student.yy}</td>
<td rname="allgrade" data-id="${student.id}">${student.getAllNum()}</td>
<td rname="allgrade"><button id="studentDelBtn${student.id}" data-id="${student.id}">删除</button></td>
</tr>`;
}
tbody.innerHTML = innerHtml;
for (student of userData) {
document.getElementById(`studentDelBtn${student.id}`).onclick = function () {
that.delStudent(this.dataset.id);
}
}
this.setCellCilck();
}
定义setCellCilck方法,设置哪些单元格可编辑,并用两个变量获取列名,通过for循环给单元格添加点击事件。
async setCellCilck() {
var that = this;
var grades = document.getElementsByName("grade");
var names = document.getElementsByName("name");
for (let i = 0; i < grades.length; i++) {
grades[i].onclick = function () {
that.updateCell(this);
};
}
for (let i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
names[i].onclick = function () {
that.updateCell(this);
};
}
}
定义updateCell方法,用于更新单元格的内容。传入ele,表示当前点击的单元格。获取旧的单元格数据并保存为oldhtml。然后创建一个input标签,并传入oldhtml。在input标签的聚焦事件中判断输入的input值是否合法,若不合法,则调用showTips方法,弹出error标签的错误提示信息,若合法,则保存当前的值。然后取出当前单元格所在行的id。然后取出当前单元格所在行的列数,然后判断新id是否等于原数组的id,若等于,则将新的值赋给它,从而实现原数组的修改,删除同理。
async updateCell(ele) {
var that = this;
if (document.getElementsByClassName("active-input").length == 0) {
var oldhtml = ele.innerHTML;
ele.innerHTML = "";
// 通过DOM API 创建input元素,设置属性,值,方法
var newInput = document.createElement("input");
newInput.setAttribute("class", "active-input");
newInput.value = oldhtml;
newInput.onblur = function () {
var name = ele.getAttribute("name");
if (name == "name") {
const isValid = /^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]+$/.test(this.value);
if (isValid) {
//修改数据
ele.innerHTML = this.value;
//修改对象
const id = ele.dataset.id;
that.updStudent(id, { name: this.value });
} else {
new Tips("请正确输入您的姓名!", Tips.TipsClassName.error).showTips();
ele.innerHTML = oldhtml;
}
} else if (name == "grade") {
const isValid = /^(\d|[1-9]\d|100)(\.\d+)?$/.test(this.value);
if (isValid) {
//修改数据
ele.innerHTML = this.value;
//修改对象
const id = ele.dataset.id;
var data = {};
data[ele.dataset.name] = this.value;
//按断文案
that.updStudent(id, data);
} else {
new Tips("请输入0-100!", Tips.TipsClassName.error).showTips();
ele.innerHTML = oldhtml;
}
}
};
newInput.select();
ele.appendChild(newInput);
newInput.focus();
} else {
return;
}
}
async delStudent(id) {
for (var student of this.students) {
if (id == student.id) {
student.del();
}
}
}
async updStudent(id, newStudent) {
for (var student of this.students) {
if (id == student.id) {
student.upd(newStudent);
}
}
}
}
删除和修改的请求代码。
async del() {
var url = "http://localhost:3000/student/" + this.id;
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('DELETE', url);
xhr.addEventListener("load", () => {
if (xhr.status == 200) {
new Tips("删除成功!!", Tips.TipsClassName.success).showTips();
} else {
new Tips("删除失败!!", Tips.TipsClassName.error).showTips();
}
});
xhr.send();
}
async upd(newStudent) {
Object.assign(this, newStudent);
var url = "http://localhost:3000/student/" + this.id;
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('PUT', url);
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json');
xhr.addEventListener("load", () => {
if (xhr.status == 200) {
new Tips("修改成功!!", Tips.TipsClassName.success).showTips();
} else {
new Tips("修改失败!!", Tips.TipsClassName.error).showTips();
}
});
xhr.send(JSON.stringify(this));
}
}
定义一个showTips方法,表示单元格输入错误时的动画提示。
showTips() {
var that = this;
var thetips = document.getElementById("tips");
thetips.innerHTML = this.text;
thetips.className = this.classname;
thetips.style.display = "block";
setTimeout(function () {
that.noneTips();
}, 3000);
}
//隐藏错误提示
noneTips() {
var thetips = document.getElementById("tips");
thetips.style.display = "none";
}
}