RabbitMQ 死信队列

6 死信队列

6.1 死信队列概念

死信，顾名思义就是无法被消费的消息，字面意思可以这样理解，一般来说，producer将消息投递到 broker或者直接到queue里了，consumer 从 queue取出消息进行消费，但某些时候由于特定的原因导致queue中的某些消息无法被消费，这样的消息如果没有后续的处理，就变成了死信，有死信自然就有了死信队列。

6.2 死信的来源

• 消息TTL过期
• 队列满了，无法再添加数据到mq中
• 消息被拒绝，否定应答并且没有重新入队

6.3 案例

6.3.1 消息TTL过期

启动Consumer1，关闭Consumer1；启动producer，模拟发送死信消息；启动Consumer2，消费死信消息

/**
 * 死信队列 案例消费者1
 */
public class Consumer1 {
    //普通交换机
    public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
    //死信交换机
    public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
    //普通队列
    public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";
    //死信队列
    public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();

        //声明普通交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        //声明死信交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        
        Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();
        //过期时间 10s，也可以在生产者指定过期时间（推荐）
        //arguments.put("x-message-ttl",10000);
        //指定正常队列的死信交换机
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
        //指定死信交换机绑定的routingKey
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");

        //死信队列和普通队列 1：队列名 2：持久化 3：共享 4：自动删除 5：参数
        channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE, false, false, false, arguments);
        channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE, false, false, false, null);

        //绑定普通交换机和队列 1：交换机名 2：队列名 3：routingKey
        channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE,NORMAL_EXCHANGE,"zhangsan");
        //绑定死信交换机和队列
        channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE,DEAD_EXCHANGE,"lisi");
        System.out.println("等待接收消息...");
        //接收消息
        channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE, true, (consumerTage, message) ->
                System.out.println("Consumer1接受到的消息：" + new String(message.getBody())), (consumer) -> {
        });
    }
}

/**
 * 死信队列生产者
 */
public class Producer {
    //普通交换机
    public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
        //死信消息 ttl time to live
        AMQP.BasicProperties properties =
                new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration("10000").build();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            String message = "info" + i;
            channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", properties, message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 死信队列 案例消费者2
 */
public class Consumer2 {
    //死信队列
    public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();

        System.out.println("等待接收消息...");
        //接收消息
        channel.basicConsume(DEAD_QUEUE, true, (consumerTage, message) ->
                System.out.println("Consumer2接受到的消息：" + new String(message.getBody())), (consumer) -> {
        });
    }
}

6.3.2 队列达到最大长度

//Consumer1添加设置正常队列的最大长度
arguments.put("x-max-length",6);

/**
 * 死信队列生产者
 */
public class Producer {
    //普通交换机
    public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            String message = "info" + i;
            channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", null, 
                                 message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        }
    }
}

6.3.3 消息被拒绝

消息先恢复为空，删除掉normal_queue

/**
 * 死信队列 案例消费者1
 */
public class Consumer1 {
    //普通交换机
    public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
    //死信交换机
    public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
    //普通队列
    public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";
    //死信队列
    public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();

        //声明普通交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
        //声明死信交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);

        Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<>();
        //过期时间 10s，也可以在生产者指定过期时间（推荐）
        //arguments.put("x-message-ttl",10000);
        //指定正常队列的死信交换机
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
        //指定死信交换机绑定的routingKey
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");
        //设置正常队列的最大长度
        //arguments.put("x-max-length",6);

        //死信队列和普通队列 1：队列名 2：持久化 3：共享 4：自动删除 5：参数
        channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE, false, false, false, arguments);
        channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE, false, false, false, null);

        //绑定普通交换机和队列 1：交换机名 2：队列名 3：routingKey
        channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");
        //绑定死信交换机和队列
        channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
        System.out.println("等待接收消息...");
        //接收消息 手动应答
        channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE, false, (consumerTage, message) -> {
            String msg = new String(message.getBody());
            if ("info5".equals(msg)) {
                System.out.println("Consumer1接受到的消息：" + msg + ",此消息被拒绝！");
                //拒绝接收不重新入队 1：消息标签 2：是否重新入队
                channel.basicReject(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
            } else {
                System.out.println("Consumer1接受到的消息：" + msg);
                channel.basicAck(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
            }
        }, (consumer) -> {
        });
    }
}

/**
 * 死信队列生产者
 */
public class Producer {
    //普通交换机
    public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
        //死信消息 ttl time to live
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            String message = "info" + i;
            channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", null, 
                                 message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 死信队列 案例消费者2，消费死信队列信息
 */
public class Consumer2 {
    //死信队列
    public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();

        System.out.println("等待接收消息...");
        //接收消息
        channel.basicConsume(DEAD_QUEUE, true, (consumerTage, message) ->
                System.out.println("Consumer2接受到的消息：" + new String(message.getBody())), (consumer) -> {
        });
    }
}

第七章：RabbitMQ 延迟队列