需求分析
我希望网页首部为大标题,中间部分摆放商品,尾部购物车结算价格。
目标实现
HTML代码部分不做过多赘述,前面几篇已经说的很多了,都是类似的内容。唯一要注意的是先创建两个容器,分别放产品和购物单。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Simple E-commerce Site</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="product.css">
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Simple E-commerce Site</h1>
</header>
<div id="products">
<!-- Products will be loaded here -->
</div>
<h2>Shopping Cart</h2>
<div id="cart">
<!-- Cart items will be displayed here -->
</div>
<script src = "product.js"> </script>
</body>
</html>
要实现购物的功能,首先要有商品,这里我们通过const常量的方式来定义,形式如下:
const products = [
{ id: 1, name: 'Product 1', price: 100},
// ... 略
];
首先需要让用户能够看到商品,定义renderProducts()函数,在页面上渲染产品列表。再遍历产品数组,为每个产品创建一个包含链接、价格、添加按钮的HTML结构,并将每个产品的HTML结构添加到product元素中。当然,这里的链接我们会在之后再讲。
function renderProducts() {
const productsElement = document.getElementById('products');
productsElement.innerHTML = '';
products.forEach(product => {
const productLink = document.createElement('a');
productLink.href = product.href;
productLink.className = 'product-link';
productLink.innerHTML = `
<div class="product">
<h3>${product.name}</h3>
<p>Price: $${product.price}</p>
<button class="add-to-cart-btn" onclick="addToCart(${product.id}, event)">Add to Cart</button>
</div>
`;
productsElement.appendChild(productLink);
});
}
接下去实现点击购物加入购物车的功能:
定义addToCart函数,从产品列表中找到与给定productId匹配的产品,如果不存在则退出函数并打印错误信息(便于调试),一开始的时候从本地存储中获取购物车数据,如果不存在则初始化为空对象。这样就算刷新,购物车也不会清空。具体代码如下(其中部分跳转功能在下期说明):
// Function to add product to cart
function addToCart(productId, event) {
event.preventDefault(); // 阻止<a>标签的默认行为
const product = products.find(p => p.id === parseInt(productId));
if (!product) {
console.error(`Product with ID ${productId} not found in products array.`);
return;
}
const cart = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('cart')) || {};
cart[productId] = (cart[productId] || 0) + 1;
localStorage.setItem('cart', JSON.stringify(cart));
renderCart();
}
然后是购物车相关内容,首先一样要渲染购物车,定义renderCart()函数,对于数量大于0的显示数目并计算价格,如果购物车是空的则显示empty等。这里包含一个删除商品的函数removeFromCart,我们马上来实现它。
// Function to render cart
function renderCart() {
const cart = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('cart')) || {};
const cartElement = document.getElementById('cart');
let total = 0;
cartElement.innerHTML = '';
Object.keys(cart).forEach(productId => {
const quantity = cart[productId];
if (quantity > 0) { // 只显示数量大于0的商品
const product = products.find(p => p.id === parseInt(productId));
if (product) {
const cartItemElement = document.createElement('div');
cartItemElement.className = 'cart-item';
cartItemElement.innerHTML = `
<h3>${product.name} * ${quantity}</h3>
<p>Price: $${(product.price * quantity).toFixed(2)}</p>
<button onclick="removeFromCart(${productId})">Remove</button>
`;
cartElement.appendChild(cartItemElement);
total += product.price * quantity;
}
}
});
if (cartElement.innerHTML === '') {
cartElement.innerHTML = '<p>Your cart is empty.</p>';
}
cartElement.innerHTML += `<h3>Total: $${total.toFixed(2)}</h3>`;
}
remove的逻辑是简单的,数量大于1就减少1,数量到0就在购物车中删除这个商品,代码如下:
// Function to remove product from cart
function removeFromCart(productId) {
const cart = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('cart')) || {};
if (cart[productId] === undefined) {
console.error(`Product with ID ${productId} not found in cart.`);
return;
}
cart[productId] = (cart[productId] || 0) - 1;
if (cart[productId] <= 0) {
delete cart[productId];
}
localStorage.setItem('cart', JSON.stringify(cart));
renderCart();
}
我们在程序启动的时候渲染产品和购物车:
// Initialize the app
renderProducts();
renderCart();
CSS样式照例贴上来供参考:
/* Reset some default styles */
body,
h1,
h2,
h3,
p,
button,
a {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
text-decoration: none;
/* Remove underline from links */
color: inherit;
/* inherit text color from parent */
}
/* Set up the body styles */
body {
font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
color: #333;
line-height: 1.6;
overflow-x: hidden;
/* Prevent horizontal scrollbar */
}
/* Header styles */
header {
background-color: #007BFF;
color: #fff;
padding: 20px 0;
text-align: center;
font-size: 24px;
}
/* Products container styles */
#products {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: space-around;
padding: 20px;
max-width: 100%;
/* Prevent container from causing horizontal scrollbar */
}
/* Product card styles */
.product-link {
text-decoration: none;
/* Remove underline from links */
color: inherit;
/* inherit text color from parent */
display: flex;
flex-basis: calc((100% / var(--products-per-row)) - 20px);
/* Adjust flex-basis */
max-width: calc((100% / var(--products-per-row)) - 20px);
/* Set max-width for responsiveness */
margin: 10px;
border-radius: 8px;
transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
overflow: hidden;
/* Hide overflow content */
}
.product {
background-color: #fff;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
padding: 20px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
border-radius: 8px;
width: 100%;
/* Set width to 100% */
transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}
.product:hover {
transform: translateY(-5px);
box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}
.product h3 {
margin-bottom: 10px;
color: #333;
font-size: 18px;
}
.product p {
margin-bottom: 10px;
color: #666;
}
.product button {
background-color: #28a745;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 10px 20px;
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}
.product button:hover {
background-color: #218838;
}
/* Customizable number of products per row */
:root {
--products-per-row: 5;
/* Default value, can be changed to 2, 4, etc. */
}
/* Cart container styles */
#cart {
background-color: #fff;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
padding: 20px;
margin: 20px;
width: 100%;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
border-radius: 8px;
max-width: 100%;
/* Prevent cart from causing horizontal scrollbar */
}
/* Cart item styles */
.cart-item {
background-color: #f9f9f9;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
padding: 10px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
}
.cart-item h3 {
margin-bottom: 10px;
color: #333;
font-size: 16px;
}
.cart-item p {
margin-bottom: 10px;
color: #666;
}
.cart-item button {
background-color: #dc3545;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 5px 10px;
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}
.cart-item button:hover {
background-color: #c82333;
}
/* Responsive design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
:root {
--products-per-row: 2;
/* 2 products per row on smaller screens */
}
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
:root {
--products-per-row: 1;
/* 1 product per row on very small screens */
}
}
/* Product link styles */
.product-link {
display: flex;
flex-basis: calc((100% / var(--products-per-row)) - 20px);
max-width: calc((100% / var(--products-per-row)) - 20px);
margin: 10px;
text-decoration: none;
/* Remove underline from links */
color: inherit;
/* inherit text color from parent */
border-radius: 8px;
overflow: hidden;
/* Hide overflow content */
}
/* Product card styles */
.product {
background-color: #fff;
border: 1px solid #ddd;
padding: 20px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
border-radius: 8px;
width: 100%;
transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}
.product:hover {
transform: translateY(-5px);
box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}
/* Button styles */
.add-to-cart-btn {
background-color: #28a745;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 10px 20px;
border-radius: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
margin-top: 10px;
}
.add-to-cart-btn:hover {
background-color: #218838;
}
特别地,这里为了能够更改商品显示数目,适配各种屏幕,可以自己调整显示数量。
最终的显示效果: