OpenCV函数用法详解31~40，含代码示例，可直接运行

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-09 15:25:06 发布

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分类专栏： # OpenCV函数详解文章标签： opencv 计算机视觉 python

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/QiaoLiu___lq/article/details/123117185

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本文介绍了OpenCV4中的一些基本图像处理操作，包括图像的平移、旋转、通道合并、透视变换、重映射、复制、图像缩小、阈值处理和自适应阈值处理。通过实例代码展示了如何实现这些操作，帮助读者理解并应用OpenCV进行图像处理。

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opencv4

文章目录

opencv4

1.平移

#dst(x, y) = scr(x+100, y+200)

import cv2
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0239.bmp")
height, width = img.shape[:2]
x = 100
y = 200
M = np.float32([[1, 0, x], [0, 1, y]])
move = cv2.warpAffine(img, M, (width, height))
cv2.imshow("img", img)
cv2.imshow("move", move)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

2.旋转

retval = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D
#(center, angle（旋转角度）, scale(缩放大小))

3.几个函数的使用案例

#ret：用来判断这个视频有没有图像
#frame ：这个图像用于操作的东西
#用array进行标记（案例标记的是绿色区域）
#将标记的定义为mask 然后，读取
def extrace_object_demo():
    capture = cv2.VideoCapture("balabala")
    while True:
        ret, frame = capture.read()
        if not ret:
            break
        hsv = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
        lower_hsv = np.array([37, 43, 46])
        upper_hsv = np.array([77, 255, 255])
        mask = cv2.inRange(hsv, lowerb= lower_hsv, upperb= upper_hsv)
        cv2.imshow("video", frame)
        cv2.imshow("mask", mask)
        c = cv2.waitKey()
        if c==27:
            break

4.通道合并

b,  g,  r = cv2.split(src)
src = cv2.merge([b, g, r])

5.透视

dst = cv2.warpPerspective(要透视图像，变换矩阵，输出图像尺寸大小)

6.重映射

重映射：把一副图像内的像素点放置到另一幅图像内的指定位置。

import cv2
import numpy as np
img = np.random.randint(0, 256, size=[4, 5], dtype=np.uint8)
rows, cols = img.shape
mapx = np.ones(img.shape, np.float32)*3
mapy = np.ones(img.shape, np.float32)*0
rst = cv2.remap(img, mapx, mapy, cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
print("img=\n",img)
print("mapx=\n", mapx)
print("mapy=\n", mapy)
print("rst=\n", rst)
#（第0行，第3列）

7.复制

import cv2
import numpy as np
img = np.random.randint(0, 256, size=[4, 5], dtype=np.uint8)
rows, cols = img.shape
mapx = np.ones(img.shape, np.float32)
mapy = np.ones(img.shape, np.float32)
for i in range (rows):
    for j in range(cols):
        mapx.itemset((i, j), j)
        mapy.itemset((i, j), i)
rst = cv2.remap(img, mapx, mapy, cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
print("img=\n",img)
print("mapx=\n", mapx)
print("mapy=\n", mapy)
print("rst=\n", rst)

图像复制

import cv2
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG")
rows, cols = img.shape[:2]
mapx = np.zeros(img.shape[:2], np.float32)
mapy = np.zeros(img.shape[:2], np.float32)
for i in range(rows):
    for j in range(cols):
        mapx.itemset((i, j), j)//若要其绕y轴翻转，j->（col-1-j），
        mapy.itemset((i, j), i)//若要其绕x轴翻转，i->（row-1-i），x，y互换，就把i，j互换
rst = cv2.remap(img, mapx, mapy, cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
cv2.imshow("original", img)
cv2.imshow("result", rst)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

8.图像缩小

import cv2
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG")
rows, cols = img.shape[:2]
mapx = np.zeros(img.shape[:2], np.float32)
mapy = np.zeros(img.shape[:2], np.float32)
for i in range(rows):
    for j in range(cols):
        if 0.25*cols< i<0.75*cols and 0.25*rows< j<0.75*rows:
            mapx.itemset((i,j),2*(j-cols*0.25)+0.5)
            mapy.itemset((i,j),2*(j-rows*0.25)+0.5)
        else:
            mapx.itemset((i, j), 0)
            mapy.itemset((i, j), 0)
rst = cv2.remap(img, mapx, mapy, cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
cv2.imshow("original", img)
cv2.imshow("result", rst)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

9.阈值处理

设定某一个值为阈值，大于阈值为255，反之为0

import cv2
img = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0239.bmp")
t, rst = cv2.threshold(img, 127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)//反二值化阈值处理（cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV）
cv2.imshow("img", img)                //截断阈值化处理（cv2.THRESH_TRUNC）
cv2.imshow("rst", rst)                //超阈值零处理（cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV）
cv2.waitKey()                         //低阈值零处理（cv2.THRESH_TOZERO）
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

10.自适应阈值处理

import cv2
img = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0239.bmp",0)
t1, thd = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
athdMEAN = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(img, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C,
                                 cv2.THRESH_BINARY,5, 3)
athdGAUS = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(img, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C,
                                 cv2.THRESH_BINARY,5, 3)
cv2.imshow("img", img)
cv2.imshow("thd",thd)
cv2.imshow("athdMEAN", athdMEAN)
cv2.imshow("athdGAUS", athdGAUS)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()