OpenCV函数用法详解（重点篇1）41~50，含代码示例，可直接运行

opencv5

1.Otsu处理（找到合适的阈值）

import cv2
img = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0239.bmp",0)
t1, thd = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
t2, otsu = cv2.threshold(img, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY+cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
cv2.imshow("img", img)
cv2.imshow("thd", thd)
cv2.imshow("otus", otsu)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

2.均值滤波

(要寻找合适的卷积核)

import cv2
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG")
r5 = cv2.blur(o,(5, 5)) # (5, 5)是卷积核
r30 = cv2.blur(o, (30,30))
cv2.imshow("original", o)
cv2.imshow("result5", r5)
cv2.imshow("result30", r30)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

3.方框滤波

import cv2
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG")
r = cv2.boxFilter(o,-1,(5, 5))
cv2.imshow("original", o)
cv2.imshow("result", r)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

若将normalize设置为0（没有进行归一化处理，在进行滤波时，计算的时5*5的邻域的像素值之和，图像的像素值基本都会超过当前像素值的最大值255）v

import cv2
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG")
r = cv2.boxFilter(o,-1,(5, 5)，normalize = 0)
cv2.imshow("original", o)
cv2.imshow("result", r)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

4.高斯滤波

均值滤波和方框滤波，其邻域内每个像素的权重相等，在高斯滤波中，会将中心点的权重值加大，远离中心点的权重值减小。

import cv2
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG")
r = cv2.GaussianBlur(o,(5, 5),0, 0)
cv2.imshow("original", o)
cv2.imshow("result", r)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

5.中值滤波

它用邻域内所有像素值的中间值来替代当前像素点的像素值

滤波核大小是指在滤波处理过程中其领域图像的高度和宽度，其必为比1大的奇数，如3，5，7.

其不会存在均值滤波等带来的细节模糊问题，由于噪声成分很难被选上，所以，可以几乎不影响原有图像的情况瞎去除全部噪声，但是运算量较大

import cv2
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG")
r = cv2.medianBlur(o,3)
cv2.imshow("original", o)
cv2.imshow("result", r)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

6.双边滤波

综合考虑空间信息和色彩信息的滤波方式，在滤波过程中能有效保护图像内的边缘信息

import cv2
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG")
r = cv2.bilateralFilter(o,25, 100, 100)
cv2.imshow("original", o)
cv2.imshow("result", r)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

高斯滤波和双边滤波的差别（哈哈哈哈哈）

import cv2
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG")
g = cv2.GaussianBlur(o,(55, 55),0,0)
r = cv2.bilateralFilter(o,55, 100, 100)
cv2.imshow("original", o)
cv2.imshow("Gaussian",g)
cv2.imshow("bilateral", r)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

7.2D卷积

该滤波操作与直接使用均值滤波语句r = cv2.blur(o, (5, 5))的效果一样。在实际应用时，可以定义更复杂的卷积核实现自定义滤波操作。

import cv2
import numpy as np
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG")
kernel = np.ones((9, 9), np.float32)/81
r = cv2.filter2D(o, -1, kernel)
cv2.imshow("o",o)
cv2.imshow("g",r)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

8.腐蚀

import cv2
import numpy as np
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG",
               cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
kernel = np.ones((5, 5), np.uint8)
erosion = cv2.erode(o, kernel)
cv2.imshow("o", o)
cv2.imshow("e", erosion)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

修改参数后

import cv2
import numpy as np
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG",
               cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
kernel = np.ones((9, 9), np.uint8)
erosion = cv2.erode(o, kernel, iterations=5)
cv2.imshow("o", o)
cv2.imshow("e", erosion)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

9膨胀

将腐蚀和膨胀进行组合可以得到多种不同形式的运算。

import cv2
import numpy as np
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG",
               cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
kernel = np.ones((9, 9), np.uint8)
dilation = cv2.dilate(o, kernel)
cv2.imshow("o", o)
cv2.imshow("d", dilation)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

修改参数后

import cv2
import numpy as np
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG",
               cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
kernel = np.ones((5, 5), np.uint8)
dilation = cv2.dilate(o, kernel, iterations=9)
cv2.imshow("o", o)
cv2.imshow("d", dilation)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

10.开运算

（先腐蚀再膨胀），可以用于去噪，计数

import cv2
import numpy as np
o = cv2.imread("C:/Users/Lenovo/PycharmProjects/pythonProject3/IMG_0228.JPG",
               cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
kernel = np.ones((10, 10), np.uint8)
dilation = cv2.morphologyEx(o,cv2.MORPH_OPEN,kernel)
cv2.imshow("o", o)
cv2.imshow("d", dilation)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()