Java ClassLoader
Java的类加载器是个什么,如何运做... 学习下.
类加载器使J具有动态性,J程序是由许多类组成,每个类生成一个文件,互相对应.
执行时JVM找到J程序需要的类并载入内存.
就是把硬盘的.CLASS文件复制一份到内存中,并初始化
例:
- class A{
- public void print(){
- System.out.println("class A");
- }
- }
- class B{
- public void print(){
- System.out.println("class B");
- }
- }
- public class Main{
- public static void main (String[] args){
- A a=new A();
- a.print();
- B b=new B();
- b.print();
- }
- }
执行 java -verbose:class Main
- [Loaded java.io.FilePermission from shared objects file]
- [Loaded java.io.FilePermission$1 from shared objects file]
- [Loaded java.io.FilePermissionCollection from shared objects f
- [Loaded java.security.AllPermission from shared objects file]
- [Loaded java.security.UnresolvedPermission from shared objects
- [Loaded java.security.BasicPermissionCollection from shared ob
- [Loaded java.security.Principal from shared objects file]
- [Loaded java.security.cert.Certificate from shared objects fil
- [Loaded Main from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded A from file:/C:/wang/]
- class A
- [Loaded B from file:/C:/wang/]
- class B
- [Loaded java.lang.Shutdown from shared objects file]
- [Loaded java.lang.Shutdown$Lock from shared objects file]
先把核心类库载入内存,然后可以清楚的看到载入了J程序的类Main.class,A.class
B.class到内存中.
当然,如果程序中先new一个B的对象调用print方法,在new个A的对象调用print方法,
就是载入Main.class,B.class,A.class
java.exe找到JRE,运行时环境执行.class文件.
預先载入,按需求載入
在自己写的类中,B.class和A.class在用到这些类的时候才回被载入...
把程序B实例化的例子和调用方法的语句注释后,B类就不会被载入.
- [Loaded Main from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded A from file:/C:/wang/]
- class A
- [Loaded java.lang.Shutdown from shared objects file]
- [Loaded java.lang.Shutdown$Lock from shared objects file]
只载入了A类和主类.
不管如何,总会载入JAVA的基础类库,既JAVA程序必须的类,预先载入.
自己写的类载入就是按需求载入.
类加载学习
隐式动态性
也就是说当自己的程序用到NEW关键字时,就会载入需要载入的类....
显示的动态性
1. 一个是由java.lang.Class 的forName()方法
2.是由java.lang.ClassLoader 的loadClass()方法
写例子让自己理解下;
- interface Assembly{
- public void start();
- }
- public class Main{
- public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception{
- Class c=Class.forName(args[0]);
- Object o=c.newInstance();
- Assembly a=(Assembly) o;
- a.start();
- }
- }
- class A implements Assembly{
- public void start(){
- System.out.println("class a 使用");
- }
- }
- class B implements Assembly{
- public void start(){
- System.out.println("class b 使用");
- }
- }
- class C implements Assembly{
- public void start(){
- System.out.println("class c 使用");
- }
- }
动态载入,用到哪个类的时候就载入哪个类.
执行 java -verbose:class Main
- [Loaded Main from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException from shared objects file]
- [Loaded java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException from shared objects file]
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 0
- at Main.main(Main.java:6)
- [Loaded java.lang.Shutdown from shared objects file]
- [Loaded java.lang.Shutdown$Lock from shared objects file]
抛出异常了,界限异常.. 没有输入命令行参数......
接着 java -verbose:class Main A
- [Loaded java.security.cert.Certificate from shared objects file]
- [Loaded Main from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded Assembly from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded A from file:/C:/wang/]
- class a 使用
- [Loaded java.lang.Shutdown from shared objects file]
- [Loaded java.lang.Shutdown$Lock from shared objects file]
先载入主类.. 接口...
载入A类,即可以在不修改主类的情况下增加新的功能..(我没把类分开写.....)
如果写个类D继承了类A ... 会如何..
- class D extends A implements Assembly{
- public void start(){
- System.out.println("class d extends a implements assembly 使用して");
- }
- }
接着: java -verbose:class Main D
- [Loaded Main from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded Assembly from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded A from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded D from file:/C:/wang/]
- class d extends a implements assembly 使用して
- [Loaded java.lang.Shutdown from shared objects file]
- [Loaded java.lang.Shutdown$Lock from shared objects file]
哦. 是先载入了父类的文件,再载入了子类.....
如果D->C->B->A 依此继承....
- [Loaded Main from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded Assembly from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded A from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded B from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded C from file:/C:/wang/]
- [Loaded D from file:/C:/wang/]
- class d extends a implements assembly 使用して
- [Loaded java.lang.Shutdown from shared objects file]
- [Loaded java.lang.Shutdown$Lock from shared objects file]
就按循序载入....