ubuntu 9.04 硬盘安装＋初始设置

昨晚安装了Ubuntu 9.04(下载 ) .由于没有空白的CD,只能硬盘安装. 我原来的系统是: XP + ubuntu 8.10
在XP下: 把ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso 中的 /casper/... 下的两文件 vmlinuz, initrd.gz 解压出来. 放在C盘根目录(或其他盘,但C盘最方便,不易出错)下, .iso也放在C盘根目录下.
现在有两种方法硬盘安装,第一种是没有安装grub的情况:
1. 先下载 grub4dos, 把文件解压到C盘根目录下
2. 在menu.lst 中 添加下面的代码
title Install Ubuntu
root (hd0,0)   #注:文件放在C盘的命令,如果放在D盘则是 (hd0,4),E盘则是(hd0,5),以此类推.
kernel /vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso
initrd /initrd.gz

3. 修改 boot.ini (注:去掉boot.ini的只读属性)
在最后添加: C:/grldr=Install Ubuntu 9.04 desktop

4. 重启系统,在启动选项中选择: Install Ubuntu 9.04 desktop. 这样就进入了 ubuntu livecd. 在Livecd中安装吧.

第二种方法,已经安装了grub (比如,我已经安装了ubuntu 8.10,也就安装了grub),不用下载grub4dos.
直接重启系统, 在启动选项中, 安 C 键,进入 grub的命令行模式. 安装命令如下:
grub>root (hd0,0) #注:文件放在C盘的命令,如果放在D盘则是 (hd0,4),E盘则是(hd0,5),以此类推.
grub>kernel /vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/ubuntu-9.04-desktop-i386.iso
grub>initrd /initrd.gz
grub>boot

注意: 进入 Livecd后,如果要安装系统, 要在终端输入一下命令: sudo umount -l /isodevice

安装过程很快,10几分钟就完成了. 使用 ext4文件系统,后速度确实快了不少.
一个问题: 安装后,发现启动菜单没有XP的选项. 只有Ubuntu的, 要进入 Ubuntu 设置一下
在终端中输入: sudo vi /boot/grub/menu.lst 打开文件后加入以下代码:
title Microsoft Windows XP Professional
root (hd0,0)
    savedefault
    makeactive
    chainloader +1

修改软件源: 这一步很重要, 修改后下载速度会快的多, 比如我修改成 lupaworld.com, 下载速度达到 100K 左右
方法一: 定位到 系统--首选项--软件源, 把"下载自"的选项修改一下,换成适合的这里有一份软件源地址
方法二: 终端输入: sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list 修改成上面的软件源地址

安装中文语言 (略)

一些个人设置:
修改 .bashrc
安装vim: sudo apt-get install vim
       修改 .vimrc

 

Ubuntu 9.04源列表 [转载-备份参考用]

2009-04-22 15:32

Ubuntu 9.04源列表
转载自: Linux公社 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2009-04/19561.htm
Archive.Ubuntu.com更新服务器（欧洲，此为官方源，电信网通用户使用)：

deb http://archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse


网易163更新服务器：

deb http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/Ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse


Mirrors.shlug.org更新服务器（电信服务器，Ubuntu China Official Mirror, maintained by Shanghai Linux User Group）：

deb http://cn.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


Mirror.lupaworld.com更新服务器（浙江省杭州市双线服务器，推荐）：

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/Ubuntu jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/Ubuntu jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/Ubuntu jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/Ubuntu jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/Ubuntu jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/Ubuntu jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/Ubuntu jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/Ubuntu jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/Ubuntu jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/Ubuntu jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


厦门大学更新服务器（教育网服务器）：

deb ftp://Ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://Ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://Ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://Ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://Ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://Ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://Ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://Ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://Ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://Ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse


成都市 电子科技大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb http://Ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://Ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://Ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://Ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://Ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://Ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://Ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://Ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://Ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://Ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

== 如果无法解析uestc.edu.cn域名，请使用以下地址 ==

deb http://Ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ jaunty main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://Ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://Ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://Ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://Ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://Ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ jaunty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://Ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://Ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://Ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://Ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main multiverse restricted universe


上海市上海交通大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

中国科学技术大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/Ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main multiverse restricted universe


中国台湾 台湾大学更新服务器（推荐网通用户使用，电信PING平均响应速度41MS。强烈推荐此源，比较完整，较少出现同步问题）：

deb http://Ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://Ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://Ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://Ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://Ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://Ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://Ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://Ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://Ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://Ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


mirror.rootguide.org更新服务器（上海市 电信）：

deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/Ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/Ubuntu/ jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/Ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/Ubuntu/ jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/Ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/Ubuntu/ jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/Ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/Ubuntu/ jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/Ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/Ubuntu/ jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


台湾的官方源速度也相当不错，有时甚至快于内地的：

deb http://tw.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse



安全更新：
#deb http://security.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-security main restricted
#deb-src http://security.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-security main restricted
#deb http://security.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-security universe
#deb-src http://security.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-security universe
#deb http://security.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-security multiverse
#deb-src http://security.Ubuntu.com/ubuntu jaunty-security multiverse