作业：Day15 - 面向对象

1. 定义一个狗类和一个人类：

   狗拥有属性：姓名、性别和品种 拥有方法：叫唤

   人类拥有属性：姓名、年龄、狗 拥有方法：遛狗

   class Dog:
       """狗类"""
       def __init__(self, dog_name, dog_gender='公', breed='土狗'):
           self.name = dog_name
           self.gender = dog_gender
           self.breed = breed
   
       def bark(self):
           """叫唤"""
           print(f'{self.name}：汪汪汪！')
   
   
   class Person:
       """人类"""
       def __init__(self, name, age=0, dog=None):
           self.name = name
           self.age = age
           self.dog = dog
   
       def walk_the_dog(self):
           """遛狗"""
           if self.dog:
               print(f'{self.name}牵着{self.dog.name}散步')
           else:
               print('没有狗！')
   
   
   p1 = Person('小明', 20)
   p1.dog = Dog('大黄', '公', '藏獒')
   p1.walk_the_dog()
   

2. 定义一个矩形类，拥有属性：长、宽 拥有方法：求周长、求面积

   class Rec:
       def __init__(self, length, wide):
           self.length = length
           self.wide = wide
   
       def perimeter(self):
           return 2 * (self.length + self.wide)
   
       def area(self):
           return self.length * self.wide
   
   
   rec1 = Rec(2, 3)
   print(rec1.perimeter())
   print(rec1.area())
   

3. 定义一个二维点类，拥有属性：x坐标、y坐标 拥有方法：求当前点到另外一个点的距离

   class Point:
       """点类"""
       def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
           self.x = x
           self.y = y
   
       def distance(self, other):
           return ((self.x-other.x)**2 + (self.y-other.y)**2)**0.5
   
   
   p1 = Point()
   p2 = Point(0, 100)
   print(p1.distance(p2))
   

4. 定义一个圆类，拥有属性：半径、圆心 拥有方法：求圆的周长和面积、判断当前圆和另一个圆是否外切

   class Circle:
       pi = 3.1415926
   
       def __init__(self, r, center=Point()):
           self.r = r
           self.center = center
   
       def perimeter(self):
           return 2*self.pi*self.r
   
       def area(self):
           return self.pi*self.r**2
   
       def is_excircle(self, other):
           """两个圆是否外切"""
           return self.r+other.r == self.center.distance(other.center)
   
   
   c1 = Circle(10, Point(10, 100))
   c2 = Circle(5, Point(20, 30))
   print(c1.perimeter())
   print(c1.area())
   print(c1.is_excircle(c2))
   

5. 定义一个线段类，拥有属性：起点和终点， 拥有方法：获取线段的长度

   class Segment:
       """线段类"""
       def __init__(self, destination: Point, origin: Point):
           self.origin = origin
           self.destination = destination
   
       def length(self):
           """获取线段长度"""
           return self.origin.distance(self.destination)
   
   
   seg = Segment(Point(6, 6), Point(2, 5))
   print(seg.length())