DCMTK开发笔记（五）：C++ Demo 实现 DIMSE-C 基本操作

前言

前面的四个博客介绍了 Visual Studio 2010环境下使用Dcmtk库需要的设置以及在Windows10和Ubuntu环境下dcmqrscp模拟PACS的配置方法。本文将在前面的基础上记录C++实现DIMSE-C规定的五种操作：

• C-ECHO
• C-STORE
• C-FIND
• C-GET
• C-MOVE
  的方法。其中C-GET操作在使用NAT模式的Ubuntu虚拟机（PACS）和主机Win10相互通信时不能直接使用（具体原因请参见前一节），而且C-MOVE操作可以完美代替C-GET的功能，实际在本文中并未实现。

参考资料

DcmSCU example program
DcmSCP Class Reference
DICOM医学图像处理：storescp.exe与storescu.exe源码剖析，学习C-STORE请求
DICOM C-GET vs C-MOVE
C++ 多线程

源代码

先给出所有代码：（只有这一个C++源文件）

/* 
*  Author:  Qin Yimin 
*  Date: 2019-12-13
*  Purpose: Test Useage of the DcmSCU class 
*/ 

#include "dcmtk/config/osconfig.h"    /* make sure OS specific configuration is included first */ 
#include "dcmtk/dcmnet/diutil.h"
#include "dcmtk/dcmnet/scu.h" 
#include "dcmtk/dcmnet/scp.h"
#include "dcmtk/dcmnet/dstorscp.h"
#include <Windows.h> // 用于创建storeSCP线程接收数据

#define OFFIS_CONSOLE_APPLICATION "testscu" 

static OFLogger echoscuLogger = OFLog::getLogger("dcmtk.apps." OFFIS_CONSOLE_APPLICATION); 
static char rcsid[] = "$dcmtk:  v"  OFFIS_DCMTK_VERSION " " OFFIS_DCMTK_RELEASEDATE " $"; 

/* 与PACS建立连接需要设置的参数 */
// our application entity title used for calling the peer machine	本机使用的AET
#define APPLICATIONTITLE     "ACME1" 

// host name of the peer machine	SCP的主机名
#define PEERHOSTNAME         "Ubuntu-Qin" 

// TCP/IP port to connect to the peer machine	SCP开放的端口号，设置时请参考PACS配置文件
#define PEERPORT 11112 

// application entity title of the peer machine		SCP使用的AET，设置时请参考PACS配置文件
#define PEERAPPLICATIONTITLE "ACME_STORE" 

// MOVE destination AE Title	C-MOVE操作的目的AET
#define MOVEAPPLICATIONTITLE "ACME3" 

// C-STORE 操作中想要发送的文件名
# define STOREFILENAME "E:\\DCMTK\\PACS\\SCU\\database\\LI_GANG.CT.ABDOMEN_HX_CH_ABD_C_(ADULT).0006.0001.2019.10.13.22.03.30.948121.1070307945.IMA"

// C-GET 操作中想要存放图像的目录
# define STORAGEDIR "E:\\DCMTK\\PACS\\SCU\\getDest"

// C-STORE 或 C-GET 中用来接收数据的端口号
#define STORESCPPORT 1235

// C-MOVE 操作中想要存放图像的目录
# define MOVEDESTDIR "E:\\DCMTK\\PACS\\SCU\\moveDest"
/* 与PACS建立连接需要设置的参数 */

// 返回给定scu对象的描述上下文（Presentation Context）ID
DWORD WINAPI storeScpThread(LPVOID lpParameter){
	DcmStorageSCP* pSCP = (DcmStorageSCP*)lpParameter;
	pSCP->listen(); // 开启storeSCP监听C-MOVE请求
	return 0L;
}

static Uint8 findUncompressedPC(const OFString& sopClass, 
	DcmSCU& scu) 
{ 
	Uint8 pc; 
	pc = scu.findPresentationContextID(sopClass, UID_LittleEndianExplicitTransferSyntax); 
	if (pc == 0) 
		pc = scu.findPresentationContextID(sopClass, UID_BigEndianExplicitTransferSyntax); 
	if (pc == 0) 
		pc = scu.findPresentationContextID(sopClass, UID_LittleEndianImplicitTransferSyntax); 
	return pc; 
} 

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 
{ 
	/* 设置建立连接需要的参数 */
	/* Setup DICOM connection parameters */ 
	OFLog::configure(OFLogger::DEBUG_LOG_LEVEL); // 使用DEBUG模式的日志，输出连接建立的详细信息
	DcmSCU scu;	// 创建一个DcmSCU对象
	// set AE titles 
	scu.setAETitle(APPLICATIONTITLE); // 本机使用的AET，需要根据PACS配置文件设置
	scu.setPeerHostName(PEERHOSTNAME); // SCP的主机名，如果是本机设置为 localhost
	scu.setPeerPort(PEERPORT); // SCP的端口号
	scu.setPeerAETitle(PEERAPPLICATIONTITLE); // SCP的AET，需要根据PACS配置文件设置
	/* 设置建立连接需要的参数 */

	// Use presentation context for FIND/MOVE in study root, propose all uncompressed transfer syntaxes 
	// 提供供SCP选择的传输语义（Transfer syntax）列表
	OFList<OFString> ts; 
	ts.push_back(UID_LittleEndianExplicitTransferSyntax); 
	ts.push_back(UID_BigEndianExplicitTransferSyntax); 
	ts.push_back(UID_LittleEndianImplicitTransferSyntax);

	// 根据抽象语义（abstract syntax）和传输语义列表构建描述上下文
	scu.addPresentationContext(UID_VerificationSOPClass, ts); // C-ECHO操作，abstract syntax为"VerificationSOPClass"
	scu.addPresentationContext(UID_CTImageStorage,ts); // C-STORE操作，本程序的目的是存储CT图像
	scu.addPresentationContext(UID_FINDStudyRootQueryRetrieveInformationModel, ts); // C-FIND操作，abstract syntax为"使用基于研究（Study）的查询/检索模型"
	scu.addPresentationContext(UID_MOVEStudyRootQueryRetrieveInformationModel, ts); // C-MOVE操作，abstract syntax为"使用基于研究（Study）的查询/检索模型"
	// scu.addPresentationContext(UID_GETStudyRootQueryRetrieveInformationModel, ts);	// C-GET操作，abstract syntax为"使用基于研究（Study）的查询/检索模型"

	/* 与PACS系统建立连接 */
	/* Initialize network */ 
	OFCondition result = scu.initNetwork(); 
	if (result.bad()) // 网络初始化失败
	{ 
		DCMNET_ERROR("Unable to set up the network: " << result.text()); 
		return 1; 
	} 
	/* Negotiate Association */ 
	result = scu.negotiateAssociation(); 
	if (result.bad()) // 无法建立连接
	{ 
		DCMNET_ERROR("Unable to negotiate association: " << result.text()); 
		return 1; 
	} 
	/* 与PACS系统建立连接 */

	/* Let's look whether the server is listening: 
	Assemble and send C-ECHO request 
	*/ 
	result = scu.sendECHORequest(0); 
	if (result.bad()) // C-ECHO操作失败，应检查SCP的hostname和port设置
	{ 
		DCMNET_ERROR("Could not process C-ECHO with the server: " << result.text()); 
		return 1; 
	} 


	/* C-STORE 操作 */
	/* Assemble and send C-STORE request */ 
	T_ASC_PresentationContextID presID = findUncompressedPC(UID_CTImageStorage, scu); 
	if (presID == 0) 
	{ 
		DCMNET_ERROR("There is no uncompressed presentation context for C-STORE"); 
		return 1; 
	} 
	Uint16 rspStatusCode; 
	result = scu.sendSTORERequest(presID,STOREFILENAME,NULL,rspStatusCode);
	if (result.bad()){
		DCMNET_ERROR("C-STORE Operation failed.");
	}
	else{
		DCMNET_INFO("C-STORE Operation completed successfully.");
	}

	/* C-Find 操作 */
	/* Assemble and send C-FIND request */ 
	OFList<QRResponse*> findResponses; 
	DcmDataset req; 
	req.putAndInsertOFStringArray(DCM_StudyID,"");
	req.putAndInsertOFStringArray(DCM_StudyDate,"");
	req.putAndInsertOFStringArray(DCM_QueryRetrieveLevel, "STUDY"); 
	req.putAndInsertOFStringArray(DCM_StudyInstanceUID, ""); 

	presID = findUncompressedPC(UID_FINDStudyRootQueryRetrieveInformationModel, scu);
	if (presID == 0) 
	{ 
		DCMNET_ERROR("There is no uncompressed presentation context for Study Root FIND"); 
		return 1; 
	} 
	result = scu.sendFINDRequest(presID, &req, &findResponses); 
	if (result.bad()) {
		DCMNET_ERROR("Unable to send find request successfully.");
		return 1; 
	}
	else {
		// 最后一个findResponse通常只标志find请求成功并且数据信息已全部发送
		DCMNET_INFO("There are " << findResponses.size()-1 << " studies available");
	}
	/* C-Find 操作 */

	/** C-MOVE 操作 */
	/* Assemble and send C-MOVE request, for each study identified above*/ 
	presID = findUncompressedPC(UID_MOVEStudyRootQueryRetrieveInformationModel, scu); 
	if (presID == 0) 
	{ 
		DCMNET_ERROR("There is no uncompressed presentation context for Study Root MOVE"); 
		return 1; 
	} 
	OFListIterator(QRResponse*) study = findResponses.begin(); 
	Uint32 studyCount = 1; 
	OFBool failed = OFFalse; 

	/* 设置SCP来接收数据 */
	DcmStorageSCP scp; // 新建一个DcmStorageSCP对象
	scp.setAETitle(MOVEAPPLICATIONTITLE); // 设置AET为C-MOVE操作指定的AET
	scp.setPort(STORESCPPORT); // 设置storeSCP监听的端口号，需要与PACS的配置文件中AET保持一致
	scp.setVerbosePCMode(OFFalse); // 设置Verbose模式便于调试
	scp.addPresentationContext(UID_CTImageStorage, ts); // 设置接收PC的abstract syntax和transfer syntax
	scp.setOutputDirectory(MOVEDESTDIR);

	HANDLE storeScpThreadHandle = CreateThread(NULL, 0, storeScpThread, &scp, 0, NULL);
    


	// Every while loop run will get all image for a specific study 
	while (study != findResponses.end() && result.good())
	{ 
		// be sure we are not in the last response which does not have a dataset 
		if ( (*study)->m_dataset != NULL) 
		{ 
			OFString studyInstanceUID; 
			result = (*study)->m_dataset->findAndGetOFStringArray(DCM_StudyInstanceUID, studyInstanceUID); 
			// only try to get study if we actually have study instance uid, otherwise skip it 
			if (result.good()) 
			{ 
				req.putAndInsertOFStringArray(DCM_StudyInstanceUID, studyInstanceUID); 
				// fetches all images of this particular study 

				result = scu.sendMOVERequest(presID, MOVEAPPLICATIONTITLE, &req, NULL /* we are not interested into responses*/); 

				if (result.good()) 
				{ 
					DCMNET_INFO("Received study #" << std::setw(7) << studyCount << ": " << studyInstanceUID); 
					studyCount++; 
				} 
				/*result = scp.receiveMOVERequest(NULL, 0, NULL, MOVEDESTDIR);
				if ( result.bad() ){
				DCMNET_ERROR("Receiving move request failed.");
				}*/
			}
		} 
		study++;
	} 
	//关闭线程
    CloseHandle(storeScpThreadHandle);

	if (result.bad()) 
	{ 
		DCMNET_ERROR("Unable to retrieve all studies: " << result.text()); 
	}
	while (!findResponses.empty())
	{
		delete findResponses.front();
		findResponses.pop_front();
	}
	/* C-MOVE 操作 */
	
	/* Release association */ 
	scu.closeAssociation(DCMSCU_RELEASE_ASSOCIATION);

	return 0; 
}

C-MOVE

参考资料1中实际上已经给出了C-ECHO、C-FIND和C-MOVE的实现，但是C-MOVE操作实际上并不能直接运行。。。C-STORE的实现可以参考这三个例子，由于我们只考虑CT图像的存储，实现起来也比较简单。所以着重记录一下C-MOVE的实现过程。在这之前先回顾一下C-MOVE的问题出在哪里 DCMTK开发笔记（四）：C-MOVE操作详解 。
官方给出的代码如下：

/* Assemble and send C-MOVE request, for each study identified above*/ 
  presID = findUncompressedPC(UID_MOVEStudyRootQueryRetrieveInformationModel, scu); 
  if (presID == 0) 
  { 
    DCMNET_ERROR("There is no uncompressed presentation context for Study Root MOVE"); 
    return 1; 
  } 
  OFListIterator(QRResponse*) study = findResponses.begin(); 
  Uint32 studyCount = 1; 
  OFBool failed = OFFalse; 
  // Every while loop run will get all image for a specific study 
  while (study != findResponses.end() && result.good())
  { 
    // be sure we are not in the last response which does not have a dataset 
    if ( (*study)->m_dataset != NULL) 
    { 
      OFString studyInstanceUID; 
      result = (*study)->m_dataset->findAndGetOFStringArray(DCM_StudyInstanceUID, studyInstanceUID); 
      // only try to get study if we actually have study instance uid, otherwise skip it 
      if (result.good()) 
      { 
        req.putAndInsertOFStringArray(DCM_StudyInstanceUID, studyInstanceUID); 
        // fetches all images of this particular study 
        result = scu.sendMOVERequest(presID, MOVEAPPLICATIONTITLE, &req, NULL /* we are not interested into responses*/); 
        if (result.good()) 
        { 
          DCMNET_INFO("Received study #" << std::setw(7) << studyCount << ": " << studyInstanceUID); 
          studyCount++; 
        } 
      }
    } 
    study++;
  } 
  if (result.bad()) 
  { 
    DCMNET_ERROR("Unable to retrieve all studies: " << result.text()); 
  }
  while (!findResponses.empty())
  {
    delete findResponses.front();
    findResponses.pop_front();
  }

这个例子的问题在于，并没有指定C-MOVE操作的目的地，因为C-MOVE操作也可以让PACS发送数据给另一台主机。在我们的应用中实际是要实现C-GET的功能，即发送C-MOVE的请求者同时也是数据接收者。为此，我们需要在客户端开启一个SCP来接收PACS发送的数据。SCP设置如下：

	/* 设置SCP来接收数据 */
	DcmStorageSCP scp; // 新建一个DcmStorageSCP对象
	scp.setAETitle(MOVEAPPLICATIONTITLE); // 设置AET为C-MOVE操作指定的AET
	scp.setPort(STORESCPPORT); // 设置storeSCP监听的端口号，需要与PACS的配置文件中AET保持一致
	scp.setVerbosePCMode(OFFalse); // 设置Verbose模式便于调试
	scp.addPresentationContext(UID_CTImageStorage, ts); // 设置接收PC的abstract syntax和transfer syntax
	scp.setOutputDirectory(MOVEDESTDIR);

开启SCP需要调用scp.listen()方法，但是实践发现这一语句摆在哪里代码都不能正确运行。原因是循环等待造成的，我们发送的C-MOVE请求不止一个，SCP需要保持监听，如果scp.listen()在前，程序进入等待无法发送请求；如果在后，发送请求时PACS无法和SCP建立连接，又会出错。所以正解是采用多线程的方式，模仿参考资料5，可以写出进程函数：

DWORD WINAPI storeScpThread(LPVOID lpParameter){
	DcmStorageSCP* pSCP = (DcmStorageSCP*)lpParameter;
	pSCP->listen(); // 开启storeSCP监听C-MOVE请求
	return 0L;
}

然后在发送C-MOVE请求的while循环体前后分别启动和关闭进程：

HANDLE storeScpThreadHandle = CreateThread(NULL, 0, storeScpThread, &scp, 0, NULL);
/* while...sendMoveRequest*/
CloseHandle(storeScpThreadHandle);

问题得解。

C-GET

下面尝试在PACS未部署在虚拟机的情况下实现C-GET操作。首先使用命令行工具模拟C-GET的过程：

getscu localhost 11112 -v -S -aec ACME_STORE -aet ACME1 -k QueryRetrieveLevel=STUDY -k StudyDate -k StudyDescription -k StudyInstanceUID -od E:\DCMTK\PACS\SCU\getDest

通信日志如下：

I: Requesting Association
I: Association Accepted (Max Send PDV: 16372)
I: Sending C-GET Request (MsgID 1)
I: Received C-STORE Request (MsgID 1)
W: DICOM file already exists, overwriting: E:\DCMTK\PACS\SCU\getDest\CT.1.3.12.2.1107.5.1.4.73473.30000013061923223125000058319
I: Sending C-STORE Response (Success)
I: Received C-GET Response (Pending)
I: Received C-STORE Request (MsgID 2)
W: DICOM file already exists, overwriting: E:\DCMTK\PACS\SCU\getDest\CT.2.16.840.1.113662.2.1.4519.41582.4105152.419990505.410523251
I: Sending C-STORE Response (Success)
I: Received C-GET Response (Pending)
I: Received C-GET Response (Success)
I: Final status report from last C-GET message:
I:   Number of Remaining Suboperations : 0
I:   Number of Completed Suboperations : 2
I:   Number of Failed Suboperations    : 0
I:   Number of Warning Suboperations   : 0
I: Releasing Association

可以看到在同一个连接中，双方相互交换C-GET和C-STORE信息，这时客户端不仅仅是C-GET操作的SCU，同时也会C-STORE的SCP。情况比我们想象的要复杂。。。
how can I use dcmtk for C-Get?
DICOM：C-GET与C-MOVE对比剖析
PACS connection 这是一个没什么卵用但很好玩的帖子hh
开发人员给出了较详细的解释：

For C-GET to work, the SCU needs to negotiate one of the C-GET SOP classes with SCU role and, in the same association, negotiate some of the C-STORE (Storage) SOP classes with SCP role. This requires the optional SCP/SCU role negotiation sub-item to be used in the A-ASSOCIATE protocol, something which the SCU developer possibly “forgot” to implement. The complexity of the SCP/SCU role negotiation is also the main reason why almost nobody is using C-GET in practice.

所以，看起来C-GET好像不是特别有必要了hh。