【简单搜索】POJ 3087 Shuffle‘m Up 详解

Shuffle'm Up：

题目链接：https://vjudge.net/problem/POJ-3087

A common pastime for poker players at a poker table is to shuffle stacks of chips. Shuffling chips is performed by starting with two stacks of poker chips, S1 and S2, each stack containing C chips. Each stack may contain chips of several different colors.

The actual shuffle operation is performed by interleaving a chip from S1 with a chip from S2 as shown below for C = 5:

The single resultant stack, S12, contains 2 * C chips. The bottommost chip of S12 is the bottommost chip from S2. On top of that chip, is the bottommost chip from S1. The interleaving process continues taking the 2nd chip from the bottom of S2 and placing that on S12, followed by the 2nd chip from the bottom of S1 and so on until the topmost chip from S1 is placed on top of S12.

After the shuffle operation, S12 is split into 2 new stacks by taking the bottommost C chips from S12 to form a new S1 and the topmost C chips from S12 to form a new S2. The shuffle operation may then be repeated to form a new S12.

For this problem, you will write a program to determine if a particular resultant stack S12 can be formed by shuffling two stacks some number of times.

Input

The first line of input contains a single integer N, (1 ≤ N ≤ 1000) which is the number of datasets that follow.

Each dataset consists of four lines of input. The first line of a dataset specifies an integer C, (1 ≤ C ≤ 100) which is the number of chips in each initial stack (S1 and S2). The second line of each dataset specifies the colors of each of the C chips in stack S1, starting with the bottommost chip. The third line of each dataset specifies the colors of each of the C chips in stack S2 starting with the bottommost chip. Colors are expressed as a single uppercase letter (A through H). There are no blanks or separators between the chip colors. The fourth line of each dataset contains 2 * C uppercase letters (A through H), representing the colors of the desired result of the shuffling of S1 and S2 zero or more times. The bottommost chip’s color is specified first.

Output

Output for each dataset consists of a single line that displays the dataset number (1 though N), a space, and an integer value which is the minimum number of shuffle operations required to get the desired resultant stack. If the desired result can not be reached using the input for the dataset, display the value negative 1 (−1) for the number of shuffle operations.

 题面翻译：

 给你两堆牌s1，s2，问你通过最少几次洗牌可以出现给定的牌堆S12

 洗牌规则：从s2开始，从两个牌堆不断取一张牌叠起来得到新牌堆，之后将下面的n张牌归为s1，上面的n张牌归为s2(n为牌堆的牌数），不断重复上述过程。

 分析：

 这题只有一种洗牌的方式，也就是搜索的“方向”只有一个，因此思路非常简单，只要不断递归搜索下一个洗牌的状态就行了。如果发现牌堆又变回了初始的状态，证明无解，输出-1。稍微麻烦的地方就在于模拟的过程。

  代码不长，不做赘述。

 AC代码：

#include<string.h>
#include<string>
#include<queue>
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

string a,b,target;
int num;

int  dfs(string s1,string s2,int step){
    if(s1+s2==target)
          return step;
    string temp="";
    for(int i=0;i<num;i++)  temp=temp+s2[i]+s1[i];
    s1=temp.substr(0,num);
    s2=temp.substr(num,num);
    if(s1.compare(a)==0&&s2.compare(b)==0)
          return -1;
    else
          return dfs(s1,s2,step+1);
}

int main()
{
    int Case;
    cin>>Case;
    for(int T=1;T<=Case;T++){
        cin>>num>>a>>b>>target;
        cout<<T<<' '<<dfs(a,b,0)<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}