进程线程例子

fork()创建子进程

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <math.h>
int main(void)
{   
    pid_t child; 
    /* 创建子进程 */
    if((child=fork())==-1)
    {
       printf("Fork Error : %s\n", strerror(errno));
       exit(1);
       }
       else 
       if(child==0) //子进程
       {
           printf("I am the child: %d\n", getpid());
           exit(0);
       }
       else//父进程
       {
           printf("I am the father:%d\n",getpid());
           return 0;
           }
}

fork()创建的子进程后，父子进程是同时、独立运行的，进程的空间是相互独立的，没有固定先后顺序。

jbc@jbc-virtual-machine# 45:~/work/guoqian/code1/2-2-1$ ./fork_pid
I am the child: 3255
I am the father:3254
jbc@jbc-virtual-machine# 46:~/work/guoqian/code1/2-2-1$ ./fork_pid
I am the father:3260
I am the child: 3261

vfork()创建子进程

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <math.h>                
int main(void)  
{               
    pid_t child;        
    /* 创建子进程 */
    if((child=vfork())==-1)
    {
        printf("Fork Error : %s\n", strerror(errno));
        exit(1);
    }
    else        
    if(child==0) // 子进程
    {
         sleep(1); //子进程睡眠一秒
         printf("I am the child: %d\n", getpid());
         exit(0);
    }       
    else        //父进程
    {       
         printf("I am the father:%d\n",getpid());
         exit(0);
    }   
}

vfork()创建子进程后必定是子进程运行完才会运行父进程。

jbc@jbc-virtual-machine# 55:~/work/guoqian/code1/2-2-2$ ./a.out 
I am the child: 3504
I am the father:3503
jbc@jbc-virtual-machine# 56:~/work/guoqian/code1/2-2-2$ ./a.out 
I am the child: 3509
I am the father:3508

创建线程

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct menber 
{             
    int a;    
    char *s;  
};            

/*线程执行函数*/
void *create(void *arg)
{             
    struct menber *temp;
    temp=(struct menber *)arg;
    printf("menber->a = %d  \n",temp->a);
    printf("menber->s = %s  \n",temp->s);
    return (void *)0;
}             

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{             
    pthread_t tidp;
    int error;
    struct menber *b;

    /*为结构体指针b分配内存并赋值*/
    b=(struct menber *)malloc( sizeof(struct menber) );
    b->a = 4; 
    b->s = "zieckey";

    /*创建线程并运行线程执行函数*/
    error = pthread_create(&tidp, NULL, create, (void *)b);
    if( error )
    {                                                                                                                                               
        printf("phread is not created...\n");
        return -1;
    }         

    sleep(1); //进程睡眠一秒使线程执行完后进程才会结束

    printf("pthread is created...\n");
    return 0; 
}             

线程和任务（task）有点类似，使用pthread_create()创建线程后，线程为就绪态，运行结果：

jbc@jbc-virtual-machine# 64:~/work/guoqian/code1/2-5-1$ ./a.out 
menber->a = 4  
menber->s = zieckey  
pthread is created...

线程等待

#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void *thread(void *str)
{         
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
    {     
        sleep(2);
        printf( "This in the thread : %d\n" , i );
    }     
    return NULL;
}         

int main()
{         
    pthread_t pth;
    int i;                                                                                                                                          

    /*创建线程并执行线程执行函数*/
    int ret = pthread_create(&pth, NULL, thread, NULL);

    printf("The main process will be to run,but will be blocked soon\n");

    /*阻塞等待线程退出*/
    pthread_join(pth, NULL);

    printf("thread was exit\n");
    for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
    {                 
        sleep(1);
        printf( "This in the main : %d\n" , i );
    }           

    return 0;
}

pthread_join()将会阻塞当前进程直到线程退出,运行结果：

The main process will be to run,but will be blocked soon
This in the thread : 0
This in the thread : 1
This in the thread : 2
thread was exit
This in the main : 0
This in the main : 1
This in the main : 2