Mysql之基于日志主从复制

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-28 22:22:54 发布

Quberry

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-28 22:22:54 发布

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分类专栏： MySQL 服务配置

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MySQL主从复制

Mysql概要

MySQL5.6主从复制方式：基于日志（binlog）、基于GTID（全局事务标示符）
原理：Master将数据变更记录到二进制日志中（配置文件binary log）；
Slave通过I/O线程读取Master中的二进制日志事件并写入到它的中继日志（relay log）；
Slave重做中继日志中的事件，把中继日志的事件信息一条一条的在本地执行一次，完成数据在本地的存储，从而将改变映射到自己的数据

主从配置注意点

主从服务器操作系统版本和位数一致；
Master和Slave数据库的版本要一致；
Master和Slave数据库中的数据要一致；
Master开启二进制日志，Master和Slave的server_id在局域网内必须唯一；

主从配置（基于日志）

Master

[root@server6 ~]# hostname -i # Master IP
192.168.109.142
[root@server6 ~]# uname -r # 内核版本
3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
[root@server6 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb # 所安装的数据库包
mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@server6 ~]# systemctl status firewalld # 查看防火墙状态，不关闭肯能导致数据库不能同步连接
鈼firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@server6 ~]# getenforce 
Disabled
[root@server6 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=142
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

Slave

[root@server7 ~]# hostname -i
192.168.109.143
[root@server7 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
[root@server7 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
鈼firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@server7 ~]# getenforce 
Disabled
[root@server7 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@server7 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=143
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

Master

[root@server6 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@server6 ~]# systemctl status mariadb
鈼[0m mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-08-23 15:43:59 CST; 33min ago
[root@server6 ~]# netstat -antlep|grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27         32907      4408/mysqld  
[root@server6 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password 'centos' # 设置数据库root密码
[root@server6 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb # 开启数据库

Slave

[root@server7 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@server7 ~]# systemctl status mariadb
鈼[0m mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-08-23 15:43:59 CST; 33min ago
[root@server7 ~]# netstat -antlep|grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27         35717      5261/mysqld 
[root@server7 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password 'centos'
[root@server7 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

Master

[root@server6 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
...
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to ly@'192.168.109.%' identified by 'centos'; # 授权给网段ly用户，并设置密码为centos

MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000008 |      245 |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Slave

[root@server7 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
...
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.109.142',master_user='ly',master_password='centos',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008',master_log_pos=245;
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.109.142
                  Master_User: ly
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
               Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000004
                Relay_Log_Pos: 529
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245
              Relay_Log_Space: 1109
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 142

Master

MariaDB [(none)]> create database rencaiku;
MariaDB [(none)]> use rencaiku;
MariaDB [(none)]> create table user(id int(8)not null,name int (15) not null);
MariaDB [rencaiku]> insert into user values(1,'0');
MariaDB [rencaiku]> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_rencaiku |
+--------------------+
| user               |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [rencaiku]> select * from user;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 |    0 |
+----+------+

Slave

[root@server7 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| rencaiku           |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> use rencaiku;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [rencaiku]> select * from user;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 |    0 |
+----+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

[root@server7 ~]# netstat -antlep|grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27         35717      5261/mysqld         
tcp        0      0 192.168.109.143:38526   192.168.109.142:3306    ESTABLISHED 27         46369      5261/mysqld   
[root@server6 ~]# netstat -antlep|grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27         47069      7564/mysqld         
tcp        0      0 192.168.109.142:3306    192.168.109.143:38526   ESTABLISHED 27         47350      7564/mysqld

解决主从复制不一样

1.Slave_IO_Running: Connecting
很有可能因为防火墙没关，再同步一下日志即可
检查防火墙，关闭防火墙；disabled selinux

2.日志不统一，那么进行统一日志和pos
在 Slave节点上stop slave;
在 Master节点上show master status;
+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000008 |      637 |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------
在Slave节点上
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.109.142',master_user='ly',master_password='centos',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008',master_log_pos=637;
start slave;
show slave status\G;