目录
获取文件信息:ls
语法结构:
ls [参数] 文件名
[常用参数]:-a隐藏文件,-l文件详细信息,-lh文件大小人性化显示,-d文件本身,-R递归显示
案例:
1.查看根目录下的所有内容的详细信息(不包括隐藏文件):ll / 或者ls -l /
[root@localhost ~]# ll /
total 16
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Dec 7 13:54 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Dec 7 13:57 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 3200 Dec 7 14:55 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 74 root root 8192 Dec 7 14:58 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 home
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /
total 16
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Dec 7 13:54 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 Dec 7 13:57 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 20 root root 3200 Dec 7 14:55 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 74 root root 8192 Dec 7 14:58 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 home
2.查看/var/目录下的所有文件包括隐藏文件:ls -a /var/
[root@localhost ~]# ls -a /var/
. adm crash empty gopher lib lock mail opt run tmp yp
.. cache db games kerberos local log nis preserve spool .updated
3.查看/var目录的详细信息:ll -d /var/ 或者 ls -ld /var/
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /var/
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 267 Dec 7 13:58 /var/
[root@localhost ~]# ls -ld /var/
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 267 Dec 7 13:58 /var/
4.显示/usr/bin下所有以h开头的文件:ls /usr/bin/h*
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/bin/h*
/usr/bin/h2ph /usr/bin/head /usr/bin/hostid /usr/bin/hostnamectl
/usr/bin/hdsploader /usr/bin/hexdump /usr/bin/hostname /usr/bin/htop
5.查看/usr/和/var/目录:ls /usr /var/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/ /var/
/usr/:
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec local sbin share src tmp
/var/:
adm crash empty gopher lib lock mail opt run tmp
cache db games kerberos local log nis preserve spool yp
6.查看/usr/bin/htop文件详细信息:
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh /usr/bin/htop
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 166K Jan 17 2019 /usr/bin/htop
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /usr/bin/htop
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 169624 Jan 17 2019 /usr/bin/htop
7.查看/usr/目录的详细信息:
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /usr/
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 155 Dec 7 13:54 /usr/
8.递归显示文件:
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /share/
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /share/date
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /share/date/h
[root@localhost ~]# touch /share/h
[root@localhost ~]# touch /share/date/h
[root@localhost ~]# touch /share/date/h/y
[root@localhost ~]# ls -R /share/
/share/:
date h
/share/date:
h
/share/date/h:
y
路径切换:cd
语法结构:
cd 路径名
返回到上一级目录:cd ../ // ../代表一级目录
返回上一次进入的目录:cd -
回到当前用户的家目录:cd
[root@localhost var]# cd /var/
[root@localhost var]# ls
adm crash empty gopher lib lock mail opt run tmp
cache db games kerberos local log nis preserve spool yp
[root@localhost var]# cd /var/opt/
[root@localhost opt]# cd -
/var
[root@localhost var]# cd ../
[root@localhost /]# cd
[root@localhost ~]#
注意:相对路径(考虑当前目录是否存在该目录下)和绝对路径
查看当前目录:pwd
语法结构:
pwd
[root@localhost ~]# pwd
/root
查看系统时间:date
语法结构:
date [参数]
案例:
[root@localhost ~]# date
Wed Dec 7 15:49:49 CST 2022
日期按年月日显示:
[root@localhost ~]# date +%F
2022-12-07
[root@localhost ~]# date +%Y-%m-%d
2022-12-07
[root@localhost ~]# date +%y-%m-%d
22-12-07
日期按时分秒显示:
[root@localhost ~]# date +%H:%M:%S
15:53:41
修改日期的时间:
[root@localhost ~]# date -s 7:00
Web Nov 9 07:00:00 CST 2022
命令所在位置:which
语法结构:
which 命令
[root@localhost ~]# which cd
/usr/bin/cd