测试框架HttpClint+maven 实现get,post 接口请求

HttpClint基本介绍

• 超文本传输​​协议（HTTP）可能是当今Internet上使用的最重要的协议。
• Web服务，支持网络的设备和网络计算的发展继续将HTTP协议的作用扩展到用户驱动的Web浏览器之外，同时增加了需要HTTP支持的应用程序的数量。
• 尽管java.net包提供了通过HTTP访问资源的基本功能，但它并未提供许多应用程序所需的完全灵活性或功能。HttpClient旨在通过提供一个高效，最新且功能丰富的软件包来实现这一空白，该软件包实现了最新HTTP标准和建议的客户端。
• HttpClient专为扩展而设计，同时为基本HTTP协议提供强大支持
• 详细介绍请点击官网查看 http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-5.0.x/index.html

实例

pom文件引入httoclient扩展包

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

几个主要类的解释：

• HttpClint类：代表了一个http的客户端，HttpClient接口定义了大多数基本的http请求执行行为
• HttpEntity类：entity是发送或者接收消息的载体。entities可以通过request和response 获取到。
• HttpConnection类：HttpConnection代表了一个http连接

1. 以下代码片段说明了使用HttpClient经典API执行HTTP GET访问www.baidu.com并返回内容

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class HttpClientTest {

    @Test
    public void test1() throws IOException {

        //存放结果
        String result;
        //创建httpget
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
        System.out.println("httpget request" + httpGet.getURI());//输出获取地址

        //创建默认httpClint实例
        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
        //执行行get请求
        HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

        //获取响应实体
        HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();

        //打印响应内容,Charset.defaultCharset()解决中文乱码
        result = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, Charset.defaultCharset());
        System.out.println(result);

    }
}

IDEA 输出结果

get请求增加header以及params

{

        String url = "www.baidu.com";

        //创建一个httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //地址拼接参数
        URIBuilder uriBuilder = null;
        try {
            uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(url);

            uriBuilder.addParameter("wd", "哈哈");
            uriBuilder.addParameter("rsv_sug", "1");

            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build());
            //添加header
            httpGet.setHeader("token", "xx"));
            httpGet.setHeader("traceSource", "xxx");

            //执行请求
            HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            //获取响应结果
            HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();

            String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, "utf-8");
			//断言响应结果不为空
            Assert.assertNotNull(result);

        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

2. 以下代码片段对上述代码做了地址优化，单独配置地址存放文件

下面为resource下applacation.properties文件内容

# 做单独配置，抽象出地址
#格式为 key ，value
#增加工具类ResourceBundle，读取该配置文件
test.url=http://localhost:8090
baidu.url = http://www.baidu.com
getCookies.uri=/getCookies

login=/login

利用moco jar包的知识，运行本地带有cookies的get请求的地址，json代码片段

[
  {
    "description": "这是一个带cookies参数的get请求",
    "request": {
      "uri": "/getCookies",
      "method": "get"

    },
    "response": {
      "cookies": {
        "login": "true",
        "id": "123456",
        "status": "1",
        "zidingyi": "cook"
      },
      "headers": {
        "Content-Type": "text/html; charset=GBK"

      },
      "text": "返回一个cookies参数的get请求"
    }
  }
]

新建类，使用HttpClient 执行HTTP GET访问本机配置中的地址并返回内容

package cookiesget;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;


public class MyCookiesGet {

    private String url;
    private ResourceBundle bundle;


    @BeforeTest
    public void beforeTest() {
        //寻找 资源路径下 resources下的properties 文件, Locale.CANADA中文转化
        bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("applacation", Locale.CANADA);
        url = bundle.getString("test.url");
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetCoockies() throws IOException {
        String result;
        String uri = bundle.getString("getCookies.uri");
        System.out.println(this.url + uri);
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(this.url + uri);

        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
        HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
        result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity(), Charset.defaultCharset());
        System.out.println(result);

    }
}

执行结果

获取cookies信息

  //获取cookies信息
       DefaultHttpClient defaultHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
        CookieStore cookieStore = defaultHttpClient .getCookieStore();
        List<Cookie> cookieList = cookieStore.getCookies();

        for (Cookie cookie:cookieList){
            String name = cookie.getName();
            String value = cookie.getValue();
            System.out.println("cookies name = "+name+"；value="+value);
        }

3. 以下代码片段是HttpClint对post带参数的请求

地址获取方式与本地post请求 与上述代码相同，
因为需要用到JSONObject包存放json数据，所以需要引入json包

post请求代码片段

@Test
    public void testPostMethod() throws IOException {
        String uri = bundle.getString("post.url");
        //拼接最终的测试地址
        String testUrl = this.url + uri;

        DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost(testUrl);

        //添加参数
        JSONObject param = new JSONObject();
        param.put("name", "jiutian");
        param.put("age", "25");

        //设置请求头信息header.添加参数到方法中
        post.setHeader("content-type", "applacation/json");
        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(param.toString(), "UTF-8");
        post.setEntity(entity);

        //设置cookies信息，并输出想要结果
        client.setCookieStore(this.store);
        HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
        String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());

        //将返回结果字符串转化为json对象
        JSONObject resultjson = new JSONObject(result);
        String success = (String) resultjson.get("result");
        String status = (String) resultjson.get("status");

        //判断结果是否符合预期
        Assert.assertEquals("success", success);
        Assert.assertEquals("1", status);

    }

pom中需要引入json包片段

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.json</groupId>
            <artifactId>json</artifactId>
        </dependency>