Tikz 画图技巧一

效果图：

 演示代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz,mathpazo}  %图形绘制宏包
\usepackage{float} %浮动包
\usepackage{booktabs} %表格线条粗细控制
\usepackage{graphicx}%插入图片

\begin{document}
	
	%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
	
	\begin{figure}[H]
		\centering
		\begin{tikzpicture}
			%坐标轴
			\draw[->,ultra thick](0,0)--(10,0) node[above]{\textbf{$t$}};
			\draw[->,ultra thick](0,0)--(0,6) node[left]{\textbf{$u$}};
			\draw (0,0) node[below=3.6pt]{$0$};
			%x轴坐标
			\draw (1.5,0)  node[below=3.6pt]{$t_{1}$};
			\draw (4,0)  node[below=3.6pt]{$ t_{n}$};
			\draw (6.5,0)  node[below=3.6pt]{$t_{n+1}$};
			\draw (9,0)  node[below=3.6pt]{$T$};
			%y轴坐标
			\draw (0,0.5)  node[left=3.6pt]{$u_{0}$};
			\filldraw (0,0.5)circle(0.8ex);%黑点
			%数值解的实线
			\draw (1.5,0) --(1.5,3) node[left]{$u_{1}$};
			\filldraw (1.5,3)circle(0.8ex);
			\draw (4,0) --(4,4) node[above=3.6pt]{$u_{n}$};
			\filldraw (4,4)circle(0.8ex);
			\draw (6.5,0) --(6.5,4.5) node[above]{$u_{n+1}$};
			\filldraw (6.5,4.5)circle(0.8ex);
			\filldraw (9,4.5)circle(0.8ex);
			%数值解的连线
			\draw (0,0.5) --(1.5,3);
			\draw (1.5,3) --(4,4);
			\draw (4,4) --(6.5,4.5);
			\draw (6.5,4.5) --(9,4.5)node[above]{};
			%解析解的实线
			\draw (4,0) --(4,2.8) node[right=3.6pt]{$u(t_{n})$};
			\draw (4,2.8)circle(0.8ex);
			\draw (6.5,0) --(6.5,3.5) node[below=3.6,right]{$u(t_{n+1})$};
			\draw (6.5,3.5)circle(0.8ex);
			%解析解的连线
			\draw (0,0.5) --(4,2.8);
			\draw (4,2.8) --(6.5,3.5);
			\draw (6.5,3.5) --(9.5,3.6)node[above]{};
			%t1和tn之间的点
			\draw (1.5,0)--node[below=5pt]{.............}(4,0);
			\draw (6.5,0)--node[below=5pt]{.............}(9,0);
			%===============================================
			\draw(6.5,-1)--(6.5,-1.5);
			\draw(4,-1)--(4,-1.5);
			\draw[<->,thick](4,-1.3)--(6.5,-1.3);
			\draw (4,-1.3)--node[above]{$h$}(6.5,-1.3);
		\end{tikzpicture}
	\end{figure}	
	
	%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
	\vspace{1.5cm}
	%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
	\begin{figure}[H]
		\centering
		\begin{tikzpicture}
			%坐标轴
			\draw[->](-0.3,0)--(12,0) node[right]{$x$};
			\draw[->](0,-0.3)--(0,7)  node[right]{$t$};
			%x轴坐标
			\draw (2.5,0)  node[below=3.6pt]{$x_{j-1}$};
			\draw (6.5,0)  node[below=3.6pt]{$x_{j}$};
			\draw (10.5,0)  node[below=3.6pt]{$x_{j+1}$};
			\draw (4.208,3.5) node[above=7.2pt,right=0.9pt]{\textbf{P}};
			%y轴坐标
			\draw (0,3.5)  node[left=3.6pt]{$t_{n}$};
			\draw (0,6)  node[left=3.6pt]{$t_{n+1}$};
			%虚线
			\draw[-,dashed] (1,0)--(7.5,7.09);	
			\draw[-,dashed] (11.5,0)--(5.592,7.09);
			%实线
			\draw [ultra thick] (2.5,0) --(2.5,7.3) ;
			\draw [ultra thick](6.5,0) --(6.5,7.3);
			\draw [ultra thick](10.5,0) --(10.5,7.3);
			\draw[ultra thick](-0.3,6) --(11.5,6);%粗体线条
			\draw[ultra thick](-0.3,3.5) --(11.5,3.5);
			%黑点
			\filldraw (2.5,0)circle(0.4ex);
			\filldraw (6.5,0)circle(0.4ex);
			\filldraw (10.5,0)circle(0.4ex);
			\filldraw (2.5,3.5)circle(0.4ex);
			\filldraw (2.5,6)circle(0.4ex);
			\filldraw (6.5,3.5)circle(0.4ex);
			\filldraw (6.5,6)circle(0.4ex);
			\filldraw (10.5,3.5)circle(0.4ex);
			\filldraw (10.5,6)circle(0.4ex);
			\filldraw (4.208,3.5)circle(0.4ex);%交点P
			%交点P左右箭头
			\draw[<->,very thick](2.5,3.8)--(4.208,3.8);
			\draw (2.5,3.8)--node[above=0.9pt]{$\delta x-c\delta t$ }(4.208,3.8);
			\draw[<->,very thick](4.208,3.2)--(6.5,3.2);
			\draw (4.208,3.2)--node[below=0.9pt]{$c\delta t$ }(6.5,3.2);
			%标注直线方程
			\draw (3,2.3)node[right=3.6pt]{$(c>0)$};
			\draw (10,2.3)node[left=10.8pt]{$(c<0)$};
			
		\end{tikzpicture}
	\end{figure}
	
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\end{document}