SpingCloud 2020微服务教程【33】服务网关配置动态路由、断言、过滤器

视频链接：2020最新版SpringCloud框架开发教程-周阳
文章源码：https://github.com/geyiwei-suzhou/cloud2020/

动态路由

默认情况下，Gateway会根据注册中心注册的服务列表，以注册中心上微服务名为路径创建动态路由进行转发，从而实现动态路由的功能

启动：cloud-eureka-server7001、cloud-provider-payment8001、cloud-provider-payment8002 三个模块

cloud-gateway-gateway9527模块

修改pom文件
在gateway节点下添加新的子节点

discovery:
  locator:
    enabled: true # 开启从注册中心动态创建路由功能，利用微服务名进行路由

并将routes下的路由uri改为服务名地址

uri: lb://cloud-payment-service # 匹配后提供服务的路由地址

启动：cloud-gateway-gateway9527

访问：http://localhost:9527/payment/lb，刷新看一下效果吧

总结：动态路由就是为了实现路由资源的动态绑定，以服务名代替实际地址

断言

cloud-gateway-gateway9527模块

Gateway服务启动日志可以看到一系列Predicate Factory相关信息
gateway-request-predicates-factories

2021-01-07 14:02:06.278  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] c.n.c.sources.URLConfigurationSource     : To enable URLs as dynamic configuration sources, define System property archaius.configurationSource.additionalUrls or make config.properties available on classpath.
2021-01-07 14:02:06.707  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [After]
2021-01-07 14:02:06.707  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Before]
2021-01-07 14:02:06.708  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Between]
2021-01-07 14:02:06.708  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Cookie]
2021-01-07 14:02:06.708  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Header]
2021-01-07 14:02:06.708  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Host]
2021-01-07 14:02:06.708  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Method]
2021-01-07 14:02:06.708  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Path]
2021-01-07 14:02:06.708  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Query]
2021-01-07 14:02:06.708  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [ReadBodyPredicateFactory]
2021-01-07 14:02:06.708  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [RemoteAddr]
2021-01-07 14:02:06.708  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Weight]
2021-01-07 14:02:06.708  INFO 34443 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.c.g.r.RouteDefinitionRouteLocator    : Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [CloudFoundryRouteService]

Spring Cloud Gateway将路由匹配作为Spring WebFlux HandlerMapping基础架构的一部分
Spring Cloud Gateway包括许多内置的Route Predicate工厂。所有这些Predicate都与HTTP请求的不同属性匹配。多个Route Predicate工厂进行组合
Spring Cloud Gateway创建Route对象时，使用RoutePredicateFactory创建Predicate对象，Predicate对象可以赋值给Route。Spring Cloud Gateway包含许多内置的Route Predicate Factories
这些所谓的谓词都匹配HTTP请求的不同属性。多种谓词工厂可以组合，通过逻辑and

下面是RoutePredicateFactory类图

Gateway支持如下Predicate类型，在Pom文件中Predicate节点下即可：

• After Route Predicate：- After，如：- After=2021-01-07T14:35:08.693+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
• Before Route Predicate：- Before，如：- Before`=2021-01-07T14:35:08.693+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
• Between Route Predicate：- Between，如：- Between=2021-01-07T14:35:08.693+08:00[Asia/Shanghai], 2021-01-08T14:35:08.693+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
• Cookie Route Predicate：- Cookie，如：- Cookie=username, zzyy
  Cookie Route Predicate需要两个参数，一个是Cookie name，一个是正则表达式。路由规则会通过获取对应的Cookie name值和正则表达式去匹配，如果匹配上就会执行路由，如果没有匹配则不执行
• Header Route Predicate：- Header，如：- Header=X-Request-Id, \d+
• Host Route Predicate：- Host，如：- Host=**.antherd.com
• Method Route Predicate：- Method，如：- Method=GET
• Path Route Predicate：- Path，如：- Path=/payment/**
• Query Route Predicate：- Query，如：- Query=username, \d # 要有参数名username并且值必须是正数才能路由

关于时间参数，可以用如下代码生成范例

import java.time.ZonedDateTime;

public class T1 {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
    System.out.println(zonedDateTime);
    # 2021-01-07T14:35:08.693+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
  }
}

部分curl测试命令

curl http://localhost:9527/payment/lb --cookies "username=zzyy"
curl http://localhost:9527/payment/lb --H "X-Request-Id：123"
curl http://localhost:9527/payment/lb --H "Host：www.antherd.com"

总结：Predicate就是为了实现一组匹配规则，让请求过来找到对应的Route进行处理

过滤器

GatewayFilter Factories路由过滤器可用于修改进入的HTTP请求和返回的HTTP响应，路由过滤器只能指定路由进行使用
Spring Cloud Gateway内置了多种路由过滤器，他们都由GatewayFilter的工厂类类产生
生命周期：pre 和 post
种类：GatewayFilter 、GlobalFilter 和 自定义过滤器

自定义过滤器

cloud-gateway-gateway9527模块

新建类：com.antherd.springcloud.filter.MyLogGatewayFilter

package com.antherd.springcloud.filter;

import java.util.Date;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

@Component
@Slf4j
public class MyLogGatewayFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {

  @Override
  public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
    log.info("***** come in MyLogGatewayFilter：" + new Date());
    String uname = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("uname");
    if (uname == null) {
      log.info("***** 用户名为null，非法用户，o(╥﹏╥)o");
      exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE);
      return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
    }
    return chain.filter(exchange);
  }

  @Override
  public int getOrder() {
    return 0;
  }
}

启动：cloud-eureka-server7001，cloud-provider-payment8001，cloud-provider-payment8002，cloud-gateway-gateway9527 四个模块
访问：http://localhost:9527/payment/lb?uname=z3、http://localhost:9527/payment/lb 看一下效果

总结：Gateway的过滤器功能主要用于日志及权限管理