建造者模式 链式编程 替代setter

链式编程在jdk8中的Stream操作、SpringSecurity、Quartz等场景中均有实现，核心就是赋值之后返回自身
它使得属性的赋值变得简便，代码具有层次感，且将创建过程和具体表示相分离，实现解耦

步骤

1.在主类中创建一个静态内部类 Builder，Builder拥有主类所有的属性
2.为主类创建一个private的构造函数，参数为Builder类型，将Builder的属性赋值给主类
3.在静态内部类中创建主类属性的赋值方法，返回值是Builder
4.Builder内部类创建一个build方法，返回主类实例

public class Message {
    private Integer id;
    private String msg;
    private String mark;

    private Message(Builder builder){
        this.id=builder.id;
        this.msg=builder.msg;
        this.mark=builder.mark;
    }

    public static class Builder{
        private Integer id;
        private String msg;
        private String mark;

        public Builder setId(Integer id) {
            this.id = id;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setMsg(String msg) {
            this.msg = msg;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setMark(String mark) {
            this.mark = mark;
            return this;
        }

        public Message build(){
            return new Message(this);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Message{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", msg='" + msg + '\'' +
                ", mark='" + mark + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

}

Message msg = new Message.Builder().setId(100)
                .setMsg("你好啊")
                .setMark("123456")
                .build();
        System.out.println("msg = " + msg);

	msg = Message{id=100, msg='你好啊', mark='123456'}