在网上看了好多文章大家不尽相同,所以,我想自己动手试一下,第一次写文章,大家多指教
第一种:synchronized方法
package com.fn.test.threadsafe;
public class Test {
public synchronized void iteration(String name){
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(name+":"+i);
}
}
public synchronized void iteration2(String name){
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(name+":"+i);
}
}
}
测试类
public class test_main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//线程安全
final Test test=new Test();
Thread test1=new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
test.iteration("test1");
}
});
Thread test2=new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
test.iteration2("test2");
}
});
test1.start();
test2.start();
}
运行结果
test1:0
test1:1
test1:2
test1:3
test1:4
test2:0
test2:1
test2:2
test2:3
test2:4
上面的这个运行结果证明在一个实例方法上添加关键字synchronized 获得的是对象锁
第二种:synchronized(this)
package com.fn.test.threadsafe;
public class Test {
public void iteration(String name){
synchronized(this){
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(name+":"+i);
}
}
}
public void iteration2(String name){
synchronized(this){
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(name+":"+i);
}
}
}
}
运行结果
test1:0
test1:1
test1:2
test1:3
test1:4
test2:0
test2:1
test2:2
test2:3
test2:4
测试类代码同上
从运行结果中可以看到synchronized(this)获得也是对象锁
第三种:synchronized(obj)
package com.fn.test.threadsafe;
public class Test {
private Integer num=0;
private Integer sum=0;
public void iteration(String name){
synchronized(num){
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
num++;
System.out.println(name+":"+num);
}
}
}
public void iteration2(String name){
synchronized(sum){
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
sum--;
System.out.println(name+":"+sum);
}
}
}
}
运行结果
test2:-1
test2:-2
test2:-3
test2:-4
test2:-5
test1:1
test1:2
test1:3
test1:4
test1:5
synchronized(num)获得的是num这个对象的锁
第四种:volatile
这个关键字是无意中发现的,后来通过百度了解到这个关键字的作用是修饰一个对象,然后告诉java虚拟机,这个对象的值可能会被其它线程改变,所以每次使用该对象的时候就要重新获取,而不是使用寄存器中的值
package com.fn.test.threadsafe;
public class Test {
private volatile Integer num=0;
private Integer sum=0;
public void iteration(String name){
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
num++;
System.out.println(name+":"+num);
}
}
public void iteration2(String name){
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
num--;
System.out.println(name+":"+num);
}
}
public void showNum(){
System.out.println("num="+num);
}
}
测试类有所改变所以再发一次
package test;
import java.awt.Label;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import com.fn.test.genericity.Apple;
import com.fn.test.genericity.Fruit;
import com.fn.test.genericity.FujiApple;
import com.fn.test.threadsafe.Test;
import com.fn.test.threadsafe.UserAccount;
public class test_main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//线程安全
final Test test=new Test();
Thread test1=new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
test.iteration("test1");
}
});
Thread test2=new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
test.iteration2("test2");
}
});
test1.start();
test2.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
test.showNum();
}
运行结果1
test1:0
test2:0
test1:1
test2:0
test1:1
test2:0
test1:1
test2:0
test1:1
test2:0
num=0
运行结果2
test1:1
test2:1
test1:2
test2:1
test1:2
test2:1
test1:2
test2:1
test1:2
test2:1
num=1
两次的运行结果不一样,想必大家已经知道为什么了,因为在去重新获取的这一段时间,它的值被再次改变了,所以这个关键字并不能保证数据并发线程安全
第五种: Lock
package com.fn.test.threadsafe;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class Test {
private Integer num=0;
private Integer sum=0;
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void iteration(String name){
try {
lock.lock();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
num++;
System.out.println(name+":"+num);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void iteration2(String name){
try {
lock.lock();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
num--;
System.out.println(name+":"+num);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void showNum(){
System.out.println("num="+num);
}
}
运行结果
test1:1
test1:2
test1:3
test1:4
test1:5
test2:4
test2:3
test2:2
test2:1
test2:0
num=0
通过运行结果可以看到是可以保证线程安全的,它的原理是每次lock()的时候检查Lock对象是否已经上锁,如果已经上锁,那就等待解锁,负责就执行并上锁
第六种:ThreadLocal
package com.fn.test.threadsafe;
public class Test {
private ThreadLocal<Integer> num=new ThreadLocal<Integer>(){
protected Integer initialValue() {return 0;};
};
private Integer sum=0;
public void iteration(String name){
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
num.set(num.get()+1);;
System.out.println(name+":"+num.get());
}
}
public void iteration2(String name){
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
num.set(num.get()-1);;
System.out.println(name+":"+num.get());
}
}
public void showNum(){
System.out.println("num="+num.get());
}
}
运行结果
test2:-1
test1:1
test2:-2
test1:2
test1:3
test1:4
test1:5
num=0
结果表明ThreadLocal只是为每个访问该对象的线程提供一个该对象的复制值版,所以当运行完成之后打印num的时候并没有改变num的值(包括主线程),常用于资源类对象,如数据库连接这种不需要同步,只需要解决线程安全问题的地方