GSM Tutorial（GSM教程）（第一章）

最近在项目中开始使用GSM模块。但自己对GSM的技术一知半解。于是就开始在互联网上搜索相关资料。发现一个网站有相关介绍。内容浅显易懂，但是是英文网站。为加深学习效果，将网站的内容逐句翻译为中文，便于个人查阅。放于网上，也便于他人查阅学习。

本文为中英文对照，上一行为英文原文，下一行为我的中文翻译。欢迎大家批评指正，优化翻译内容。

以下为正文。

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GSM is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communications.

GSM是数字移动通信的全球标准。

GSM uses narrowband Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) for providing voice and text based services over mobile phone networks.

GSM在移动电话网络上使用窄带时分多址（TDMA）技术提供语音和基于文本的服务。

1. Overview（概况）

1.1 What is GSM?（什么是GSM？）

If you are in Europe or Asia and using a mobile phone, then most probably you are using GSM technology in your mobile phone.

如果你在欧洲或亚洲使用移动电话，你的移动电话极有可能使用的是GSM技术。

• GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication. It is a digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services.

• GSM是“全球移动通信系统”的英文缩写。它是提供移动语言和数据服务的数字蜂窝技术。

• The concept of GSM emerged from a cell-based mobile radio system at Bell Laboratories in the early 1970s.

• GSM的概念来自于1970年代早期贝尔实验室的基于蜂窝的移动无线系统。

• GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard.
• GSM是1982年成立的一个标准化组织的名字，该组织的使命是建立欧洲的移动电话标准。
• GSM is the most widely accepted standard in telecommunications and it is implemented globally.

• GSM是电信领域应用最广泛的标准，并在全球得以实现。

• GSM is a circuit-switched system that divides each 200 kHz channel into eight 25 kHz time-slots. GSM operates on the mobile communication bands 900 MHz and 1800 MHz in most parts of the world. In the US, GSM operates in the bands 850 MHz and 1900 MHz.
• GSM是一种电路交换系统，它将200KHz的信道划分为8个25KHz的时隙。在世界的大部分地方，GSM工作于900 MHz和1800 MHz的移动通信频段。在美国，GSM工作于850 MHz和1900 MHz的频段。
• GSM owns a market share of more than 70 percent of the world’s digital cellular subscribers.
• GSM在全球数字移动通信中的市场份额超过70%。
• GSM makes use of narrowband Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technique for transmitting signals.
• GSM使用窄带时分多址（TDMA）技术传送信号。
• GSM was developed using digital technology. It has an ability to carry 64 kbps to 120 Mbps of data rates.
• GSM使用数字通信技术。数据通信的速率达到64 kbps到120 Mbps。
• Presently GSM supports more than one billion mobile subscribers in more than 210 countries throughout the world.
  • 目前，GSM的用户数超过1亿，部署的国家超过210个。
• GSM provides basic to advanced voice and data services including roaming service. Roaming is the ability to use your GSM phone number in another GSM network.
  • GSM提供的业务范围包括基本服务到先进的语音和数据服务，包括漫游。漫游是指能够在其它GSM网络中使用你的GSM手机。
  • GSM digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down through a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own timeslot.
  • GSM数字化并压缩数据，然后通过一个信道和两个用户数据流，每个数据流有自己的时隙，发送数据。

1.2 Why GSM?（为什么使用GSM？）

Listed below are the features of GSM that account for its popularity and wide acceptance.

下面列出的就是GSM为什么流行的原因？

• Improved spectrum efficiency
  • 优化的频谱效率
• International roaming
  • 国际漫游
• Low-cost mobile sets and base stations (BSs)
  • 低成本的移动终端和基站（BS）
• High-quality speech
  • 高质量的通话
• Compatibility with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and other telephone company services
  • 兼容综合服务数字网络（ISDM）和其它电话公司的业务
• Support for new services
  • 支持新的业务

1.3 GSM History（GSM的历史）

The following table shows some of the important events in the rollout of the GSM system.

下表是GSM系统的一些重要的事件。

Years 时间	Events 事件
1982	Conference of European Posts and Telegraph (CEPT) establishes a GSM group to widen the standards for a pan-European cellular mobile system. 欧洲邮政和电报会议（CEPT）建立了GSM组织，致力于普及泛欧洲蜂窝移动系统标准的普及。
1985	A list of recommendations to be generated by the group is accepted. 该组织提交的一系列推荐标准获得通过。
1986	Executed field tests to check the different radio techniques recommended for the air interface. 完成了对不同的推荐用于空中接口的无线技术的外场试验。
1987	Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is chosen as the access method (with Frequency Division Multiple Access [FDMA]). The initial Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is signed by telecommunication operators representing 12 countries. 选用时分多址（TDMA）技术作为接入方法（对应于频分多址[FDMA]）。最初的凉解备忘录由代表12个国家的电信运营商签署。
1988	GSM system is validated. GSM系统被批准。
1989	The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) was given the responsibility of the GSM specifications. 欧洲电信标准组织（ETSI）负责GSM的规范。
1990	Phase 1 of the GSM specifications is delivered. GSM规范的第一阶段发布。
1991	Commercial launch of the GSM service occurs. The DCS1800 specifications are finalized. 出现GSM的商业应用。完成DCS1800规范。
1992	The addition of the countries that signed the GSM MoU takes place. Coverage spreads to larger cities and airports. 其它的一些国家也签署了GSM凉解备忘录。覆盖范围包括大城市和机场。
1993	Coverage of main roads GSM services starts outside Europe. 覆盖范围包括主要的公路，GSM服务开始向欧洲以外扩张。
1994	Data transmission capabilities launched. The number of networks rises to 69 in 43 countries by the end of 1994. 开始提供数据传输服务。截止1994年低，网络的数量上升到69个，覆盖43个国家。
1995	Phase 2 of the GSM specifications occurs. Coverage is extended to rural areas. GSM规范的第二个阶段发布。覆盖范围扩展到乡村地区。
1996	July: 200 network in 109 countries operational, around 44 million subscribers worldwide. 七月：在109个国家的200张网络中运营，全世界大约有4千4百万用户。
1999	Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) came into existence and became operational in 130 countries with 260 million subscribers. 出现了无线应用协议（WAP），并且在130个国家运营，有2亿6千万用户。
2000	General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) came into existence. 出现了通用分组无线电业务（GPRS）。
2001	As of May 2001, over 550 million people were subscribers to mobile telecommunications. 自2001年五月起，全世界有5.5亿用户。