开发应用程序,为了保证底层的代码质量,使应用容器启动后测试能够一次性通过,单元测试必不可少。
单测一般要测每一个service接口方法,这里以目前最流行的开源测试框架junit举个例子。
在工程的src/main/java下有个BookService interface
public interface BookService {
int insert(BookEntity book);
}
在工程的src/test/java下同包目录中写一个BookServiceTest
package com.github.baowp.domain.service;
import com.github.baowp.domain.entity.BookEntity;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListeners;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: baowp
* Date: 11/27/13
* Time: 3:06 PM
* To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
*/
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "BookServiceTest-context.xml")//如果配置文件在同包名下,locations可以不声明
//以下两个注解与继承AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests等效,用于数据库事务回滚,继承后可不声明
@Transactional
@TestExecutionListeners({DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class, TransactionalTestExecutionListener.class})
public class BookServiceTest /*extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests*/ {
@Resource
private BookService bookService;
@Test
@Rollback(false)//表示不回滚事务,默认为true,该注解不写也默认回滚
public void testInsert() {
BookEntity book = new BookEntity();
book.setTitle("title");
book.setPrice(1.1f);
int flag = bookService.insert(book);
assertTrue(flag == 1);
assertNotNull(book.getId());
}
}
pom.xml引入
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
这是一个简单的单元测试例子,一般用于直接的数据库操作测试,但如果一个service的方法非常复杂,里面还有涉及调用外部应用,这时就必须在单测方法先预设这种调用的返回值,也就是mock该接口。