OSPF实验报告
一、分析要求
- R4为ISP,直连设备间使用公网网段
- R3、R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境,R3为NHS
- 合理划分172.16.0.0/16网段
- 做NAT配置使私网能够访问R4环回
- ospf优化(汇总和特殊区域),减少计时器时间加快收敛,设备之间做认证保证更新安全。
- 除ISP,其余设备运行ospf,使得全网可达
二、实施过程
1. 划分IP地址
为了划分更加贴合实际,每个网段的ip地址控制在200-300左右,选用24掩码划分。再根据区域中网络类型的不同,区分出P2P网络和MA网络,剩余的作为用户网段。
2. 配置IP地址及环回地址
1)命令
[R1]int g 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 29
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24
[R2]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 29
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.1 24
[R3]int g 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 29
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.1 24
[R3-LoopBack0]int s 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.1 24
[R4]int s 4/0/0
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.2 24
[R4-Serial4/0/0]int s 4/0/1
[R4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.2 24
[R4-Serial4/0/1]int s 3/0/0
[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.2 24
[R4-Serial3/0/0]int g 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.2 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24
[R5]int s 4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.1 24
[R5-Serial4/0/0]int l 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.1 24
[R6]int s 4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.1 24
[R6-Serial4/0/0]int g 0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 29
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.1 24
[R7]int g 0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.1 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 29
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l 0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.1 24
[R8]int g 0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 29
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.9 29
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l 0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.1 24
[R9]int g 0/00/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.10 29
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 29
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l 0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.1 24
[R10]int g 0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 29
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.1 24
[R11]int g 0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 29
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.9 29
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l 0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.1 24
[R12] int g 0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.10 29
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.162.1 24
[R12-LoopBack0]int l 1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.163.1 24
2)写缺省路由,使得公网网段互通
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2
[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2
3)测试
ping 直连对端,例:
3. 运行OSPF
- 注意宣告的区域,这里我使用的精准宣告
- 将 area 4 宣告在进程2里,后面利用重发布导入路由,方便做特殊区域,减少LSA更新量
命令
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.34.1 0.0.0.0
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.35.1 0.0.0.0
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.33.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.36.1 0.0.0.0
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.1 0.0.0.0
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.1 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.1 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.9 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.98.1 0.0.0.0
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-2]a 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.130.1 0.0.0.0
[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-1]a 4
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.131.1 0.0.0.0
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.9 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.66.1 0.0.0.0
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
[R12]rip
[R12-rip-1]v 2
[R12-rip-1]undo summary
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
4. 搭建MGRE环境
- R3、R5、R6、R7搭建,R3为NHS
- 分配的网段为172.16.1.0/24
- NHS开启伪广播
1)命令
R3中心配置
[R3]int t 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.1 29
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
R5分支配置
[R5]int t 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.2 29
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
R6分支配置
[R6]int t 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.3 29
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source s 4/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
R7分支配置
[R7]int t 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.4 29
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
2)将tunnel隧道网段宣告进OSPF
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.2 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.3 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.0
3)修改Tunnel隧道接口网络类型为P2MP,避免DR/BDR选举,加快收敛
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
4)查看NHRP邻居表及OSPF邻居表
5)查看区域0的路由表
现有area 0、area 1、area 2、area 3的路由信息
5. 重发布
1)将rip的路由导入
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
2)将area 4的路由导入
- 不再将ospf进程1的路由导入进程2,用缺省代替,使得全网可通
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[R10]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 172.16.129.1
3)查看area 0的路由表
4)测试
6. 优化 --> 汇总
- 在ABR和ASBR设备上做
- 因为后面做特殊区域的关系,除area 0的其他区域会拒绝学习3类路由,所以不用做区域0汇总
1)命令
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
2)查看区域0路由表
7. 优化 --> 特殊区域
- 据图可知,area 1 可以做
完全末梢区域
,area 2 和 area 3 可以做完全NSSA区域
1)area 1 — 完全stub区域
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
- 查看LSDB
2)area 2 — 完全nssa区域
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
- 查看LSDB
3)area 3 — 完全的nssa区域
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
- 查看LSDB
8. 加快收敛
1)修改接口类型
- 在图中运行OSPF的MA网络中,仅存在两台设备的端口类型改为P2P,节省DR/BDR选举时间
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf network-type p2p
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf network-type p2p
- 查看R5获取的路由表是否还完整
2)修改计时器
- Tunnel隧道接口类型用的是P2MP,hello时间为30s,可以修改短一些,加快收敛速度
- 注意,隧道其他端口也要修改,否则建邻不成功
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
- 查看R3邻居表是否完整
9. 更新安全 --> 做认证
- 三种认证方法:接口认证、区域认证、虚链路认证,这里使用的是接口认证方法
1)area 1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
- 查看ospf邻居表是否成功建立(R1)
2)Tunnel
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 3567
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 3567
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 3567
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 3567
- 查看ospf邻居表是否成功建立(R3)
3)area 2
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 61112
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 61112
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 61112
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 61112
- 查看ospf邻居表是否成功建立(R11)
4)area 3
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 789
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 789
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 789
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 789
- 查看ospf邻居表是否成功建立(R8)
5)area 4
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 910
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 910
- 查看ospf邻居表是否成功建立(R9)
10. 空接口
- 因为做特殊区域存在缺省路由,所以需要在在汇总路由器上做空接口防环
[R3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[R6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[R9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[R12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0
- 用R7ping area 4 的黑洞路由,如果没有空接口,R9会走缺省,形成环路。
11. NAT配置
1)R3配置
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]q
[R3]int s 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
- 私网pingR4环回(R1)
2)R6配置
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]q
[R6]int s 4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
- 私网pingR4环回(R11)
3)R7配置
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]q
[R7]int g 0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
- 私网pingR4环回(R8)