（甲）1018 Public Bike Management

题目描述

There is a public bike service in Hangzhou City which provides great convenience to the tourists from all over the world. One may rent a bike at any station and return it to any other stations in the city.
The Public Bike Management Center (PBMC) keeps monitoring the real-time capacity of all the stations. A station is said to be in perfect condition if it is exactly half-full. If a station is full or empty, PBMC will collect or send bikes to adjust the condition of that station to perfect. And more, all the stations on the way will be adjusted as well.
When a problem station is reported, PBMC will always choose the shortest path to reach that station. If there are more than one shortest path, the one that requires the least number of bikes sent from PBMC will be chosen.

Figure 1
Figure 1 illustrates an example. The stations are represented by vertices and the roads correspond to the edges. The number on an edge is the time taken to reach one end station from another. The number written inside a vertex S is the current number of bikes stored at S. Given that the maximum capacity of each station is 10. To solve the problem at S3 , we have 2 different shortest paths:
1. PBMC -> S1 -> S3 . In this case, 4 bikes must be sent from PBMC, because we can collect 1 bike from S1 and then take 5 bikes to S3 , so that both stations will be in perfect conditions.
2. PBMC -> S2 -> S3 . This path requires the same time as path 1, but only 3 bikes sent from PBMC and hence is the one that will be chosen.

 

输入描述:

Each input file contains one test case.  For each case, the first line contains 4 numbers: Cmax (<= 100), always an even number, is the maximum capacity of each station; N (<= 500), the total number of stations; Sp, the index of the problem station (the stations are numbered from 1 to N, and PBMC is represented by the vertex 0); and M, the number of roads.  The second line contains N non-negative numbers Ci (i=1,...N) where each  Ci is the current number of bikes at Si respectively.  Then M lines follow, each contains 3 numbers: Si, Sj, and Tij which describe the time Tij taken to move betwen stations Si and Sj.  All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.

 

输出描述:

For each test case, print your results in one line.  First output the number of bikes that PBMC must send.  Then after one space, output the path in the format: 0->S1->...->Sp.  Finally after another space, output the number of bikes that we must take back to PBMC after the condition of Sp is adjusted to perfect.
Note that if such a path is not unique, output the one that requires minimum number of bikes that we must take back to PBMC.  The judge's data guarantee that such a path is unique.

示例1

输入

10 3 3 5
6 7 0
0 1 1
0 2 1
0 3 3
1 3 1
2 3 1

输出

3 0-&gt2-&gt3 0

解析

带点权的最短路问题，注意路径上靠后车站的自行车不能提供给之前的车站。用一个pre[ ]数组保存当前节点的前驱结点，然后使用深搜再保存到一个vector数组中。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#define INF 0x3fffffff
#define MAXV 505
using namespace std;
int G[MAXV][MAXV],vis[MAXV],fu[MAXV],d[MAXV],w[MAXV]; //fu:点的权值 d:到达起点的距离  w:边权 
int C,N,S,M;   //最大容量 总站数 终点 道路数 
int need,send=0; //need:理想自行车数  send:需要提供的自行车数 
int pre[MAXV]; //记录路径中的前驱结点 
vector<int> ans; //存储路径 
void dijstra(int t)
{
	d[0]=0;  
	for(int i=0;i<=N;i++) pre[i]=i;
	for(int i=0;i<N;i++)
	{
		int u=-1,min=INF;
		for(int j=0;j<=N;j++)
		{
			if(!vis[j]&&d[j]<min)
			{
				u=j;
				min=d[j];
			}
		}
		if(u!=-1) vis[u]=1;
		for(int v=1;v<=N;v++)
		{
			if(!vis[v]&&G[u][v]!=INF)
			{				
				if(d[u]+G[u][v]<d[v])
				{
					d[v]=d[u]+G[u][v];
					pre[v]=u;
					w[v]=w[u]+fu[v];
				}
				else if(d[u]+G[u][v]==d[v]&&w[u]+fu[v]>w[v])
				{
					w[v]=w[u]+fu[v];
					pre[v]=u;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}
void dfs(int st,int t)
{
	if(st==t) return;	
	dfs(st,pre[t]);
	ans.push_back(t);
}
int main()
{
	while(cin>>C>>N>>S>>M)
	{
		fill(G[0],G[0]+MAXV*MAXV,INF);
		fill(d,d+MAXV,INF);
		memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
		memset(w,0,sizeof(w));

		need=C/2;  //理想自行车数
		for(int i=1;i<=N;i++) 
		{
			cin>>fu[i];
			fu[i]-=need; //减去理想数量，如果为负表示缺少，如果为正表示多余 
		}
		int p,q,t;
		while(M--)
		{
			cin>>p>>q>>t;
			G[p][q]=G[q][p]=min(t,G[p][q]);
		}
		dijstra(S);
		int count=0;  //返还自行车数 
		dfs(0,S);
		for(unsigned int i=0;i<ans.size();i++)
		{
			if(fu[ans[i]]<0) //当前车站缺少自行车
			{
				if(-fu[ans[i]]<=count) count+=fu[ans[i]]; //刻意用之前多余的自行车补给
				else 
				{
					send=send-fu[ans[i]]-count; //不够补给，从源点调入
					count=0;
				}
			}
			else count+=fu[ans[i]]; //当前车站多余自行车（或刚好满足）
		}
		cout<<send<<" 0->";
		for(unsigned int i=0;i<ans.size();i++)
		{
			cout<<ans[i];
			if(i!=ans.size()-1) cout<<"->";
			else cout<<" ";
		}
		cout<<count<<endl;
	}
	return 0;
}