第 七 章 用户输入和while 循环
输入用函数input()
while和C语言中使用方法基本类似
7.1.1 编写清晰的程序
name = input("Please enter your name: ") #"Please enter your name: " 可用一个变量代替
print("Hello, " + name + “!”)
7.1.2 使用 input() 来获取数值输入
age = input("How old are you? ")
age = int(age) #函数int() 将数字的字符串表示转换为数值表示
age >= 18
True
7.1.3 求模运算符
5%3
2
7.2 while 循环简介
7.2.1 使用while 循环
current_number = 1
while current_number <= 5:
print(current_number)
current_number += 1
7.2.2 让用户选择何时退出
prompt = “\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:”
prompt += "\nEnter ‘quit’ to end the program. "
message = “”
while message != ‘quit’: #!
message = input(prompt)
print(message)
7.2.3 使用标志
比如将标志命名为active,用它判断程序是否应继续运行
prompt = “\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:”
prompt += "\nEnter ‘quit’ to end the program. "
active = True
while active:
message = input(prompt)
if message == ‘quit’:
active = False
else:
print(message)
7.2.4 使用break 退出循环
要立即退出while 循环,不再运行循环
prompt = “\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited:”
prompt += "\n(Enter ‘quit’ when you are finished.) "
while True:
city = input(prompt)
if city == ‘quit’:
break
else:
print("I’d love to go to " + city.title() + “!”)
7.2.5 在循环中使用continue
和c类似,跳出本次循环
7.2.6 避免无限循环
x = 1
while x <= 5:
print(x)
x += 1
7.3 使用while 循环来处理列表和字典
for 循环是一种遍历列表的有效方式,但在for 循环中不应修改列表,
否则将导致Python难以跟踪其中的元素。要在遍历列表的同时对其进行修改,可使用while 循环
7.3.2 删除包含特定值的所有列表元素
pets = [‘dog’, ‘cat’, ‘dog’, ‘goldfish’, ‘cat’, ‘rabbit’, ‘cat’]
print(pets)
while ‘cat’ in pets:
pets.remove(‘cat’)
print(pets)
[‘dog’, ‘cat’, ‘dog’, ‘goldfish’, ‘cat’, ‘rabbit’, ‘cat’]
[‘dog’, ‘dog’, ‘goldfish’, ‘rabbit’]
7.3.3 使用用户输入来填充字典
使用while循环不断输入,并给出跳出条件