MapReduce之RecordReader（五）

1. RecordReader概述

RecordReader又叫记录读取器，是用来加载数据并把数据转换为适合mapper读取的键值对。RecordReader实例是由输入格式定义的，默认的输入格式为TextInputFormat，提供了一个LineRecordReader。这个类会把输入文件的每一行作为一个新的值，关联到每一行的键则是该行在文件中的字节偏移量。RecordReader会在输入块上被重复地调用直到整个输入块被处理完毕，每一次调用RecordReader都会调用Mapper的map()方法。

SequenceFileInputFormat对应的RecordReader是SequenceFileRecordReader。LineRecordReader是每行的偏移量作为读入map的key，每行的内容作为读入map的value。很多时候hadoop内置的RecordReader并不能满足需求，比如在读取记录时，希望map读入的key值不是偏移量而是行号或者是文件名，这个时候可以自己定义RecordReader。

2. RecordReader的应用

2.1 RecordReader的实现步骤

1. 继承抽象类RecordReader，实现RecordReader的一个实例。
2. 实现自定义的InputFormat类，重写InputFormat中的CreateRecordReader()方法，返回值是自定义的RecordReader实例。

2.2 需求分析

分别计算奇数行和偶数行的累加和。

2.3 上传测试文件

hadoop fs -put recordread /recordread

2.4 执行代码

MyInputFormat：

package com.mapreduce.recordread;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.InputSplit;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordReader;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
import java.nio.file.Path;

public class MyInputFormat extends FileInputFormat<LongWritable, Text> {
    @Override
    public RecordReader<LongWritable, Text> createRecordReader(InputSplit split, TaskAttemptContext context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        //返回自定义的RecordReader
        return new MyRecordReader();
    }
    //为了使切分数据时行号不发生混乱，这里设置为不进行切分
    protected boolean isSplitable(FileSystem fileSystem, Path filename){
        return false;
    }
}

MyRecordReader：

package com.mapreduce.recordread;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataInputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.LineRecordReader;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.InputSplit;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordReader;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileSplit;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.LineReader;

import java.io.IOException;

public class MyRecordReader extends RecordReader<LongWritable, Text> {

    private long start; //起始位置（相对于整个分片而言）
    private long end; //结束位置（相对于整个分片而言）
    private long pos; //当前位置

    private FSDataInputStream fin = null; //文件输入流
    private LongWritable key = null;
    private Text value = null;
    private LineReader reader = null; //定义行阅读器
    @Override
    public void initialize(InputSplit split, TaskAttemptContext context) throws IOException{
        FileSplit fileSplit = (FileSplit)split; //获取分片
        start = fileSplit.getStart(); //获取起始位置
        end = start + fileSplit.getLength(); //获取结束位置
        Configuration configuration = context.getConfiguration(); //创建配置
        Path path = fileSplit.getPath(); //获取文件路径
        FileSystem fileSystem = path.getFileSystem(configuration); //根据路径获取文件系统
        fin = fileSystem.open(path); //打开文件输入流
        fin.seek(start); //找到开始位置开始读取
        reader = new LineReader(fin); //创建一个行阅读器
        pos = 1; //将位置设为1，从第一行开始记录行号
    }

    @Override
    public boolean nextKeyValue() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        if(key == null){
            key = new LongWritable();
        }
        key.set(pos);
        if(value == null){
            value = new Text();
        }
        if(reader.readLine(value) == 0){ //此处的value时用来存储给定的行，而返回值是读取的字节数，包括换行
            //如果只有一个换行也算一行
            return false;
        }
        pos++;
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public LongWritable getCurrentKey(){return key;}

    @Override
    public Text getCurrentValue() {return value;}

    @Override
    public float getProgress(){return 0;}

    @Override
    public void close() throws IOException{
        if(fin != null) fin.close();
    }
}

MyMapper：

package com.mapreduce.recordread;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;

import java.io.IOException;

public class MyMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, LongWritable, Text> {

    protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context)
            throws IOException, InterruptedException{
        //System.out.println("key = "+key+" value = "+value);
        context.write(key, value); //直接将读取的记录写出去
    }
}

MyPartitioner：

package com.mapreduce.recordread;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Partitioner;

public class MyPartitioner extends Partitioner<LongWritable, Text> {
    @Override
    public int getPartition(LongWritable key, Text value, int numPartitions) {
        //偶数放到第二个分区进行计算
        if(key.get()%2 == 0){
            //偶数行将输入到reduce的key设置为1
            key.set(1);
            return 1;
        }else {
            //奇数放在第一个分区进行计算
            key.set(0);
            return 0;
        }
    }
}

MyReducer：

package com.mapreduce.recordread;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;

import java.io.IOException;

public class MyReducer extends Reducer<LongWritable, Text, Text, LongWritable> {
    private Text outKey = new Text();
    private LongWritable outValue = new LongWritable();

    protected void reduce(LongWritable key, Iterable<Text> values, Context context)
            throws IOException, InterruptedException{
        System.out.println("奇数行还是偶数行："+key);

        long sum = 0;
        for(Text value:values){
            sum += Long.parseLong(value.toString());
        }
        //判断奇偶数
        if(key.get() == 0){
            outKey.set("奇数之和为：");
        }else{
            outKey.set("偶数之和为：");
        }
        outValue.set(sum);
        context.write(outKey, outValue);
    }
}

RecordReaderApp：

package com.mapreduce.recordread;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.TextOutputFormat;
import java.net.URI;

public class RecordReaderApp {

    private static final String INPUT_PATH = "hdfs://master001:9000/recordreader";
    private static final String  OUTPUT_PATH = "hdfs://master001:9000/recordput";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        System.setProperty("HADOOP_USER_NAME", "hadoop");
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        //提升代码的健壮性
        final FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(URI.create(INPUT_PATH), conf);
        if(fileSystem.exists(new Path(OUTPUT_PATH))){
            fileSystem.delete(new Path(OUTPUT_PATH), true);
        }
        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, "RecordReaderApp");
        //run jar class 主方法
        job.setJarByClass(RecordReaderApp.class);
        //设置map
        job.setMapperClass(MyMapper.class);
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(LongWritable.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(Text.class);
        //设置reduce
        job.setReducerClass(MyReducer.class);
        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(LongWritable.class);
        //设置partition
        job.setPartitionerClass(MyPartitioner.class);
        job.setNumReduceTasks(2);
        //设置input format
        job.setInputFormatClass(MyInputFormat.class);
        FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(INPUT_PATH));
        //设置output format
        job.setOutputFormatClass(TextOutputFormat.class);
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(OUTPUT_PATH));
        //提交job
        System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
    }
}

2.5 效果截图

3. 小结

如果程序或者集群出现任何BUG，欢迎下方留言讨论。