一、问题
最近,简单研究了下Exception的一些问题,现总结如下;
二、分析
首先,我想说的是,catch异常和throw异常;
throw是抛出异常,往哪里抛?往上层抛。上层是哪里?哪个调用我的这个方法,我就抛给谁;
catch是方法内抓取异常,然后处理;当然,处理的方法,也包含往上抛,或者说往外抛;
我们先来看一段代码:
import org.junit.Test;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @author Auther
* @title: TestException
* @projectName generatorSqlmapCustom
* @description: TODO
* @date 27/03/201909:50
*/
public class TestException {
@Test
public void testTryCatch(){
try {
getRead();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("顶层:");
}
}
public static void getRead() {
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
try {
Date date = dateFormat.parse("2018-1a 3-01");
System.out.println("date:"+date);
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("【解析异常】");
}catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("【异常】");
//throw new Exception();
}
}
}
1、这里,我们写了一个测试方法,一个静态方法;测试方法作为父方法,调用子静态方法;
我们看到,子静态方法解析日期格式时,可能会有【解析异常】(ParseExcetpion),所以,我们通过catch来抓取异常,并且,抓取异常是有顺序要求的,范围小的要写在前面(上面),越大的,写的越靠后,从上而下,一层层筛异常;因为Exception是所有异常的父类,他可以拦截所有的异常,如果把Exception作为catch的第一项,则后面具体的异常将无法匹配到;测试结果如下:
【解析异常】
java.text.ParseException: Unparseable date: "2018-1a 3-01"
at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:366)
at TestException.getRead(TestException.java:33)
at TestException.testTryCatch(TestException.java:22)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Process finished with exit code 0
2、接下来,我们把所有的异常都catch住,然后再抛出去,为什么不直接throw呢?其实可以直接抛的,这么做是为了打印下日志,让大家看的更清楚,子方法被那个catch抓住了;代码如下:
import org.junit.Test;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @author Auther
* @title: TestException
* @projectName generatorSqlmapCustom
* @description: TODO
* @date 27/03/201909:50
*/
public class TestException {
@Test
public void testTryCatch(){
try {
getRead();
}catch (ParseException e){
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("【顶层解析异常】");
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("【顶层异常】");
}
}
public static void getRead() throws Exception,ParseException {
SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
try {
Date date = dateFormat.parse("2018-1a 3-01");
System.out.println("date:"+date);
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("【解析异常】");
throw new ParseException("解析异常",e.getErrorOffset());
}catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("【异常】");
throw new Exception();
}
}
}
console控制台输出信息:
【解析异常】
java.text.ParseException: Unparseable date: "2018-1a 3-01"
【顶层解析异常】
at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:366)
at TestException.getRead(TestException.java:33)
at TestException.testTryCatch(TestException.java:19)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
java.text.ParseException: 解析异常
at TestException.getRead(TestException.java:38)
at TestException.testTryCatch(TestException.java:19)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Process finished with exit code 0
我们发现,子方法中的【解析异常】被ParseException的catch抓取,然后抛出ParseException;父方法抓住了这个ParseException;
三、总结
1、catch异常有顺序的要求,异常应该从小到大顺序写;否则会报错;
2、throw 后面抛的异常没有顺序的要求;如果有匹配的小范围的具体异常,会自动抛出throw里的具体的异常,如果throw没有具体的小范围的异常,则会抛出Exception(如果有的话);