SSL介绍与Java实例

有关SSL的原理和介绍在网上已经有不少，对于Java下使用keytool生成证书，配置SSL通信的教程也非常多。但如果我们不能够亲自动手做一个SSL Sever和SSL Client，可能就永远也不能深入地理解Java环境下，SSL的通信是如何实现的。对SSL中的各种概念的认识也可能会仅限于可以使用的程度。本文通过构造一个简单的SSL Server和SSL Client来讲解Java环境下SSL的通信原理。 


首先我们先回顾一下常规的Java Socket编程。在Java下写一个Socket服务器和客户端的例子还是比较简单的。以下是服务端的代码： 

package org.bluedash.tryssl;  
  
import java.io.BufferedReader;  
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.io.InputStreamReader;  
import java.io.PrintWriter;  
import java.net.ServerSocket;  
import java.net.Socket;  
  
public class Server extends Thread {  
    private Socket socket;  
  
    public Server(Socket socket) {  
        this.socket = socket;  
    }  
  
    public void run() {  
        try {  
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));  
            PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());  
  
            String data = reader.readLine();  
            writer.println(data);  
            writer.close();  
            socket.close();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
  
        }  
    }  
      
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
        while (true) {  
            new Server((new ServerSocket(8080)).accept()).start();  
        }  
    }  
}  

服务端很简单：侦听8080端口，并把客户端发来的字符串返回去。

下面是客户端的代码： 

package org.bluedash.tryssl;  
  
import java.io.BufferedReader;  
import java.io.InputStreamReader;  
import java.io.PrintWriter;  
import java.net.Socket;  
  
public class Client {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
  
        Socket s = new Socket("localhost", 8080);  
  
        PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream());  
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));  
        writer.println("hello");  
        writer.flush();  
        System.out.println(reader.readLine());  
        s.close();  
    }  
  
}  

客户端也非常简单：向服务端发起请求，发送一个"hello"字串，然后获得服务端的返回。把服务端运行起来后，执行客户端，我们将得到"hello"的返回。 

就是这样一套简单的网络通信的代码，我们来把它改造成使用SSL通信。在SSL通信协议中，我们都知道首先服务端必须有一个数字证书，当客户端连接到服务端时，会得到这个证书，然后客户端会判断这个证书是否是可信的，如果是，则交换信道加密密钥，进行通信。如果不信任这个证书，则连接失败。

改造后的服务端代码：

package org.bluedash.tryssl;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.security.KeyStore;

import javax.net.ServerSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLServerSocket;

public class SSLServer extends Thread {
	private Socket socket;

	public SSLServer(Socket socket) {
		this.socket = socket;
	}

	public void run() {
		try {
			BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
			PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());

			String data = reader.readLine();
			writer.println(data);
			writer.close();
			socket.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {

		}
	}

	private static String SERVER_KEY_STORE = "/Users/liweinan/projs/ssl/src/main/resources/META-INF/server_ks";
	private static String SERVER_KEY_STORE_PASSWORD = "123123";

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", SERVER_KEY_STORE);
		SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
		
		KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("jceks");
		ks.load(new FileInputStream(SERVER_KEY_STORE), null);
		KeyManagerFactory kf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
		kf.init(ks, SERVER_KEY_STORE_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
		
		context.init(kf.getKeyManagers(), null, null);

		ServerSocketFactory factory = context.getServerSocketFactory();
		ServerSocket _socket = factory.createServerSocket(8443);
		((SSLServerSocket) _socket).setNeedClientAuth(false);

		while (true) {
			new SSLServer(_socket.accept()).start();
		}
	}
}

改造后的客户端代码（单向认证，客户端信任服务端）：

package org.bluedash.tryssl;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;

import javax.net.SocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;

public class SSLClient {

	private static String CLIENT_KEY_STORE = "/Users/liweinan/projs/ssl/src/main/resources/META-INF/client_ks";

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		// Set the key store to use for validating the server cert.
		System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", CLIENT_KEY_STORE);
		
		System.setProperty("javax.net.debug", "ssl,handshake");

		SSLClient client = new SSLClient();
		Socket s = client.clientWithoutCert();

		PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream());
		BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s
				.getInputStream()));
		writer.println("hello");
		writer.flush();
		System.out.println(reader.readLine());
		s.close();
	}

	private Socket clientWithoutCert() throws Exception {
		SocketFactory sf = SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();
		Socket s = sf.createSocket("localhost", 8443);
		return s;
	}
}

双向认证的服务端代码：

很简单，只要在单向认证的服务端代码中改动这一句即可

  ((SSLServerSocket) _socket).setNeedClientAuth(true);  

双向认证的客户端代码：

package org.bluedash.tryssl;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import javax.net.SocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;

public class SSLClient {
	private static String CLIENT_KEY_STORE = "/Users/liweinan/projs/ssl/src/main/resources/META-INF/client_ks";
	private static String CLIENT_KEY_STORE_PASSWORD = "456456";
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		// Set the key store to use for validating the server cert.
		System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", CLIENT_KEY_STORE);
		System.setProperty("javax.net.debug", "ssl,handshake");
		SSLClient client = new SSLClient();
		Socket s = client.clientWithCert();
		
		PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream());
		BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
		writer.println("hello");
		writer.flush();
		System.out.println(reader.readLine());
		s.close();
	}


	private Socket clientWithCert() throws Exception {
		SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
		KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("jceks");
		
		ks.load(new FileInputStream(CLIENT_KEY_STORE), null);
		KeyManagerFactory kf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
		kf.init(ks, CLIENT_KEY_STORE_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
		context.init(kf.getKeyManagers(), null, null);
		
		SocketFactory factory = context.getSocketFactory();
		Socket s = factory.createSocket("localhost", 8443);
		return s;
	}
}

本文转自：

http://www.iteye.com/topic/1125183