单例模式之懒汉的并发问题，只需要添加一个 synchronized 就可以解决了

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-19 08:08:26 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-19 08:08:26 发布

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分类专栏： 1 Java面向对象高级编程

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Rodulf/article/details/57407883

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该博客讨论了在并发环境中懒汉式单例模式可能遇到的问题，通过实例展示了当多个线程同时调用 getInstance 方法时，可能导致多次实例化。博主提出，只需在 getInstance 方法上添加 synchronized 关键字，即可确保线程安全，实现单例的正确创建。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

复现并发问题：

package review.bank;

/**
 * Created by kodulf on 2017/2/26.
 */
public class SingleInstanceLazyMan {

    private SingleInstanceLazyMan(){

    }

    static SingleInstanceLazyMan singleInstanceLazyMan ;

    //synchronized 如果不添加，那么会出现三个进程一起调度的情况
    public static SingleInstanceLazyMan getInstance(){
        if(singleInstanceLazyMan==null){
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());

            singleInstanceLazyMan = new SingleInstanceLazyMan();

            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());

        }

        return singleInstanceLazyMan;
    }

}

新建三个进程去调用这个单例的getInstance方法

    public static  void testSingleInstance(){
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                SingleInstanceLazyMan.getInstance();
            }
        });

        Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                SingleInstanceLazyMan.getInstance();
            }
        });
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                SingleInstanceLazyMan.getInstance();
            }
        });

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();
    }

运行结果：会发现都调用了if == null的那个判断了，就是执行了里面的程序了

before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-1
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
before new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-1
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2
after new Thread-2

Process finished with exit code 0

要解决这个问题：

只需要添加一个单词，synchronized 就可以了

package review.bank;

/**
 * Created by zhangyinshan on 2017/2/26.
 */
public class SingleInstanceLazyMan {

    private SingleInstanceLazyMan(){

    }

    static SingleInstanceLazyMan singleInstanceLazyMan ;

    //synchronized 如果不添加，那么会出现三个进程一起调度的情况
    public static synchronized SingleInstanceLazyMan getInstance(){
        if(singleInstanceLazyMan==null){
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("before new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());

            singleInstanceLazyMan = new SingleInstanceLazyMan();

            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            System.out.println("after new "+Thread.currentThread().getName());

        }

        return singleInstanceLazyMan;
    }

}

运行结果：只调用了一次，这个就是我们想要的

before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
before new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0
after new Thread-0

Process finished with exit code 0