用Socket类实现HTTP协议客户端应用

导读:
  Http客户端程序已集成在Java语言中,可以通过URLConnection类调用。遗憾的是,由于SUN没有公布Http客户程序的源码,它实现的细节仍是一个谜。本文根据HTTP协议规范,用Java.net.Socket类实现一个HTTP协议客户端程序。
  1.Socket类:
  了解TCP/IP协议集通信的读者知道,协议间的通信是通过Socket完成的。在Java.net包中,Socket类就是对Socket的具体实现。它通过连接到主机后,返回一个I/O流,实现协议间的信息交换。
  2 . HTTP协议
  HTTP协议同其它TCP/IP协议集中的协议一样,是遵循客户/服务器模型工作的。客户端发往服务端的信息格式如下:
  请求方法 URL HTTP协议的版本号
  提交的元信息
  **空行**
  实体
  请求方法是对这次连接工作的说明,目前HTTP协议已经发展到1.1版,它包括GET、HEAD、POST、DELETE、OPTIONS、TRACE、PUT七种。元信息是关于当前请求的信息。通过分析元信息,可以检查实体数据是否完整,接收过程是否出错,类型是否匹配等。元信息的引入使HTTP协议通信更加稳妥可靠。实体是请求的具体内容。
  将上述报文发往Web服务器,如果成功,应答格式如下:
  HTTP协议的版本号 应答状态码 应答状态码说明
  接收的元信息
  **空行**
  实体
  以上报文发向客户端,并且接收成功,彼此间关闭连接,完成一次握手。下面用最常用的GET方法,来说明具体的报文应用:
  GET http://www.youhost.com HTTP/1.0
  accept: www/source; text/html; image/gif; image/jpeg; */*
  User_Agent: myAgent
  **空行**
  这个报文是向www.youhost.com主机请求一个缺省HTML文档。客户端HTTP协议版本号是1.0版,元信息包括可接收的文件格式,用户代理,每一段之间用回车换行符分隔,最后以一个空行结束。发向服务器后,如果执行过程正常,服务器返回以下代码:
  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  Date: Tue, 14 Sep 1999 02:19:57 GMT
  Server: Apache/1.2.6
  Connection: close
  Content-Type: text/html
  **空行**
  <html><head>...</head><body>...</body></html>
  HTTP/1.1表示这个HTTP服务器是1.1版,200是服务器对客户请求的应答状态码,OK是对应答状态码的解释,之后是这个文档的元信息和文档正文。(相关应答状态码和元信息的解释请参阅Inetrnet标准草案:RFC2616)。
  3. HTTP客户端程序:
  import java.net.*;
  import java.io.*;
  import java.util.Properties;
  import java.util.Enumeration;
  public class Http {
  protected Socket client;
  protected BufferedOutputStream sender;
  protected BufferedInputStream receiver;
  protected ByteArrayInputStream byteStream;
  protected URL target;
  private int responseCode=-1;
  private String responseMessage="";
  private String serverVersion="";
  private Properties header = new Properties();
  public Http() { }
  public Http(String url) {
  GET(url) ;
  }
  /* GET方法根据URL,会请求文件、数据库查询结果、程序运行结果等多种内容 */
  public void GET(String url) {
  try {
  checkHTTP(url);
  openServer(target.getHost(),target.getPort() );
  String cmd = "GET "+ getURLFormat(target) +" HTTP/1.0/r/n"
  + getBaseHeads()+"/r/n";
  sendMessage(cmd);
  receiveMessage();
  }catch(ProtocolException p) {
  p.printStackTrace();
  return;
  }catch(UnknownHostException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  return;
  }catch(IOException i)
  i.printStackTrace();
  return;
  }
  }
  /*
  * HEAD方法只请求URL的元信息,不包括URL本身。若怀疑本机和服务器上的
  * 文件相同,用这个方法检查最快捷有效。
  */
  public void HEAD(String url) {
  try {
  checkHTTP(url);
  openServer(target.getHost(),target.getPort() );
  String cmd = "HEAD "+getURLFormat(target)+" HTTP/1.0/r/n"
  +getBaseHeads()+"/r/n";
  sendMessage(cmd);
  receiveMessage();
  }catch(ProtocolException p) {
  p.printStackTrace();
  return;
  }catch(UnknownHostException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  return;
  }catch(IOException i)
  i.printStackTrace();
  return;
  }
  }
  /*
  * POST方法是向服务器传送数据,以便服务器做出相应的处理。例如网页上常用的
  * 提交表格。
  */
  public void POST(String url,String content) {
  try {
  checkHTTP(url);
  openServer(target.getHost(),target.getPort() );
  String cmd = "POST "+ getURLFormat(target) +"
  HTTP/1.0/r/n"+getBaseHeads();
  cmd += "Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded/r/n";
  cmd += "Content-length: " + content.length() + "/r/n/r/n";
  cmd += content+"/r/n";
  sendMessage(cmd);
  receiveMessage();
  }catch(ProtocolException p) {
  p.printStackTrace();
  return;
  }catch(UnknownHostException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  return;
  }catch(IOException i)
  i.printStackTrace();
  return;
  }
  }
  protected void checkHTTP(String url) throws ProtocolException {
  try {
  URL target = new URL(url);
  if(target==null || !target.getProtocol().toUpperCase().equals("HTTP") )
  throw new ProtocolException("这不是HTTP协议");
  this.target = target;
  }catch(MalformedURLException m) {
  throw new ProtocolException("协议格式错误");
  }
  }
  /*
  * 与Web服务器连接。若找不到Web服务器,InetAddress会引发UnknownHostException
  * 异常。若Socket连接失败,会引发IOException异常。
  */
  protected void openServer(String host,int port) throws
  UnknownHostException,IOException {
  header.clear();
  responseMessage=""; responseCode=-1;
  try {
  if(client!=null) closeServer();
  if(byteStream != null) {
  byteStream.close(); byteStream=null;
  }
  InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(host);
  client = new Socket(address,port==-1?80:port);
  sender = new BufferedOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
  receiver = new BufferedInputStream(client.getInputStream());
  }catch(UnknownHostException u) {
  throw u;
  }catch(IOException i) {
  throw i;
  }
  }
  /* 关闭与Web服务器的连接 */
  protected void closeServer() throws IOException {
  if(client==null) return;
  try {
  client.close(); sender.close(); receiver.close();
  }catch(IOException i) {
  throw i;
  }
  client=null; sender=null; receiver=null;
  }
  protected String getURLFormat(URL target) {
  String spec = "http://"+target.getHost();
  if(target.getPort()!=-1)
  spec+=":"+target.getPort();
  return spec+=target.getFile();
  }
  /* 向Web服务器传送数据 */
  protected void sendMessage(String data) throws IOException{
  sender.write(data.getBytes(),0,data.length());
  sender.flush();
  }
  /* 接收来自Web服务器的数据 */
  protected void receiveMessage() throws IOException{
  byte data[] = new byte[1024];
  int count=0;
  int word=-1;
  // 解析第一行
  while( (word=receiver.read())!=-1 ) {
  if(word=='/r'||word=='/n') {
  word=receiver.read();
  if(word=='/n') word=receiver.read();
  break;
  }
  if(count == data.length) data = addCapacity(data);
  data[count++]=(byte)word;
  }
  String message = new String(data,0,count);
  int mark = message.indexOf(32);
  serverVersion = message.substring(0,mark);
  while( mark-1) {
  if(word=='/t') word=32;
  if(count==data.length) data = addCapacity(data);
  data[count++] = (byte)word;
  parseLine: {
  while( (symbol=receiver.read()) >-1 ) {
  switch(symbol) {
  case '/t':
  symbol=32; break;
  case '/r':
  case '/n':
  word = receiver.read();
  if( symbol=='/r' &&word=='/n') {
  word=receiver.read();
  if(word=='/r') word=receiver.read();
  }
  if( word=='/r' || word=='/n' || word>32) break parseLine;
  symbol=32; break;
  }
  if(count==data.length) data = addCapacity(data);
  data[count++] = (byte)symbol;
  }
  word=-1;
  }
  message = new String(data,0,count);
  mark = message.indexOf(':');
  String key = null;
  if(mark>0) key = message.substring(0,mark);
  mark++;
  while( mark0) byteStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(data,0,count);
  data=null;
  closeServer();
  }
  public String getResponseMessage() {
  return responseMessage;
  }
  public int getResponseCode() {
  return responseCode;
  }
  public String getServerVersion() {
  return serverVersion;
  }
  public InputStream getInputStream() {
  return byteStream;
  }
  public synchronized String getHeaderKey(int i) {
  if(i>=header.size()) return null;
  Enumeration enum = header.propertyNames();
  String key = null;
  for(int j=0; j<=i; j++)
  key = (String)enum.nextElement();
  return key;
  }
  public synchronized String getHeaderValue(int i) {
  if(i>=header.size()) return null;
  return header.getProperty(getHeaderKey(i));
  }
  public synchronized String getHeaderValue(String key) {
  return header.getProperty(key);
  }
  protected String getBaseHeads() {
  String inf = "User-Agent: myselfHttp/1.0/r/n"+
  "Accept: www/source; text/html; image/gif; */*/r/n";
  return inf;
  }
  private byte[] addCapacity(byte rece[]){
  byte temp[] = new byte[rece.length+1024];
  System.arraycopy(rece,0,temp,0,rece.length);
  return temp;
  }
  }
  
  注: 程序中只实现GET、HEAD、POST三种方法。其他几种因不常使用,暂且忽略。
  
  Http客户端程序已集成在Java语言中,可以通过URLConnection类调用。遗憾的是,由于SUN没有公布Http客户程序的源码,它实现的细节仍是一个谜。本文根据HTTP协议规范,用Java.net.Socket类实现一个HTTP协议客户端程序。   1.Socket类:  了解TCP/IP协议集通信的读者知道,协议间的通信是通过Socket完成的。在Java.net包中,Socket类就是对Socket的具体实现。它通过连接到主机后,返回一个I/O流,实现协议间的信息交换。  2 . HTTP协议  HTTP协议同其它TCP/IP协议集中的协议一样,是遵循客户/服务器模型工作的。客户端发往服务端的信息格式如下:请求方法 URL HTTP协议的版本号提交的元信息**空行**实体  请求方法是对这次连接工作的说明,目前HTTP协议已经发展到1.1版,它包括GET、HEAD、POST、DELETE、OPTIONS、TRACE、PUT七种。元信息是关于当前请求的信息。通过分析元信息,可以检查实体数据是否完整,接收过程是否出错,类型是否匹配等。元信息的引入使HTTP协议通信更加稳妥可靠。实体是请求的具体内容。  将上述报文发往Web服务器,如果成功,应答格式如下: HTTP协议的版本号 应答状态码 应答状态码说明接收的元信息**空行**实体  以上报文发向客户端,并且接收成功,彼此间关闭连接,完成一次握手。下面用最常用的GET方法,来说明具体的报文应用: GET http://www.youhost.com HTTP/1.0 accept: www/source; text/html; image/gif; image/jpeg; */* User_Agent: myAgent**空行**   这个报文是向www.youhost.com主机请求一个缺省HTML文档。客户端HTTP协议版本号是1.0版,元信息包括可接收的文件格式,用户代理,每一段之间用回车换行符分隔,最后以一个空行结束。发向服务器后,如果执行过程正常,服务器返回以下代码: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Tue, 14 Sep 1999 02:19:57 GMT Server: Apache/1.2.6 Connection: close Content-Type: text/html**空行**<html><head>...</head><body>...</body></html>  HTTP/1.1表示这个HTTP服务器是1.1版,200是服务器对客户请求的应答状态码,OK是对应答状态码的解释,之后是这个文档的元信息和文档正文。(相关应答状态码和元信息的解释请参阅Inetrnet标准草案:RFC2616)。  3. HTTP客户端程序: import java.net.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.Properties; import java.util.Enumeration; public class Http { protected Socket client; protected BufferedOutputStream sender; protected BufferedInputStream receiver; protected ByteArrayInputStream byteStream; protected URL target; private int responseCode=-1; private String responseMessage=""; private String serverVersion=""; private Properties header = new Properties(); public Http() { } public Http(String url) { GET(url) ;}/* GET方法根据URL,会请求文件、数据库查询结果、程序运行结果等多种内容 */ public void GET(String url) { try { checkHTTP(url); openServer(target.getHost(),target.getPort() ); String cmd = "GET "+ getURLFormat(target) +" HTTP/1.0/r/n"+ getBaseHeads()+"/r/n"; sendMessage(cmd); receiveMessage();}catch(ProtocolException p) { p.printStackTrace(); return;}catch(UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return;}catch(IOException i) i.printStackTrace(); return;}}/** HEAD方法只请求URL的元信息,不包括URL本身。若怀疑本机和服务器上的* 文件相同,用这个方法检查最快捷有效。*/ public void HEAD(String url) { try { checkHTTP(url); openServer(target.getHost(),target.getPort() ); String cmd = "HEAD "+getURLFormat(target)+" HTTP/1.0/r/n"+getBaseHeads()+"/r/n"; sendMessage(cmd); receiveMessage();}catch(ProtocolException p) { p.printStackTrace(); return;}catch(UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return;}catch(IOException i) i.printStackTrace(); return;}}/** POST方法是向服务器传送数据,以便服务器做出相应的处理。例如网页上常用的* 提交表格。*/ public void POST(String url,String content) { try { checkHTTP(url); openServer(target.getHost(),target.getPort() ); String cmd = "POST "+ getURLFormat(target) +" HTTP/1.0/r/n"+getBaseHeads(); cmd += "Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded/r/n"; cmd += "Content-length: " + content.length() + "/r/n/r/n"; cmd += content+"/r/n"; sendMessage(cmd); receiveMessage();}catch(ProtocolException p) { p.printStackTrace(); return;}catch(UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return;}catch(IOException i) i.printStackTrace(); return;}} protected void checkHTTP(String url) throws ProtocolException { try { URL target = new URL(url); if(target==null || !target.getProtocol().toUpperCase().equals("HTTP") ) throw new ProtocolException("这不是HTTP协议"); this.target = target;}catch(MalformedURLException m) { throw new ProtocolException("协议格式错误");}}/** 与Web服务器连接。若找不到Web服务器,InetAddress会引发UnknownHostException* 异常。若Socket连接失败,会引发IOException异常。*/ protected void openServer(String host,int port) throws UnknownHostException,IOException { header.clear(); responseMessage=""; responseCode=-1; try { if(client!=null) closeServer(); if(byteStream != null) { byteStream.close(); byteStream=null;} InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(host); client = new Socket(address,port==-1?80:port); sender = new BufferedOutputStream(client.getOutputStream()); receiver = new BufferedInputStream(client.getInputStream());}catch(UnknownHostException u) { throw u;}catch(IOException i) { throw i;}}/* 关闭与Web服务器的连接 */ protected void closeServer() throws IOException { if(client==null) return; try { client.close(); sender.close(); receiver.close();}catch(IOException i) { throw i;} client=null; sender=null; receiver=null;} protected String getURLFormat(URL target) { String spec = "http://"+target.getHost(); if(target.getPort()!=-1) spec+=":"+target.getPort(); return spec+=target.getFile();}/* 向Web服务器传送数据 */ protected void sendMessage(String data) throws IOException{ sender.write(data.getBytes(),0,data.length()); sender.flush();}/* 接收来自Web服务器的数据 */ protected void receiveMessage() throws IOException{ byte data[] = new byte[1024]; int count=0; int word=-1;// 解析第一行 while( (word=receiver.read())!=-1 ) { if(word=='/r'||word=='/n') { word=receiver.read(); if(word=='/n') word=receiver.read(); break;} if(count == data.length) data = addCapacity(data); data[count++]=(byte)word;} String message = new String(data,0,count); int mark = message.indexOf(32); serverVersion = message.substring(0,mark); while( mark-1) { if(word=='/t') word=32; if(count==data.length) data = addCapacity(data); data[count++] = (byte)word; parseLine: { while( (symbol=receiver.read()) >-1 ) { switch(symbol) { case '/t': symbol=32; break; case '/r': case '/n': word = receiver.read(); if( symbol=='/r' &&word=='/n') { word=receiver.read(); if(word=='/r') word=receiver.read();} if( word=='/r' || word=='/n' || word>32) break parseLine; symbol=32; break;} if(count==data.length) data = addCapacity(data); data[count++] = (byte)symbol;} word=-1;} message = new String(data,0,count); mark = message.indexOf(':'); String key = null; if(mark>0) key = message.substring(0,mark); mark++; while( mark0) byteStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(data,0,count); data=null; closeServer();} public String getResponseMessage() { return responseMessage;} public int getResponseCode() { return responseCode;} public String getServerVersion() { return serverVersion;} public InputStream getInputStream() { return byteStream;} public synchronized String getHeaderKey(int i) { if(i>=header.size()) return null; Enumeration enum = header.propertyNames(); String key = null; for(int j=0; j<=i; j++) key = (String)enum.nextElement(); return key;} public synchronized String getHeaderValue(int i) { if(i>=header.size()) return null; return header.getProperty(getHeaderKey(i));} public synchronized String getHeaderValue(String key) { return header.getProperty(key);} protected String getBaseHeads() { String inf = "User-Agent: myselfHttp/1.0/r/n"+"Accept: www/source; text/html; image/gif; */*/r/n"; return inf;} private byte[] addCapacity(byte rece[]){ byte temp[] = new byte[rece.length+1024]; System.arraycopy(rece,0,temp,0,rece.length); return temp;}}   注: 程序中只实现GET、HEAD、POST三种方法。其他几种因不常使用,暂且忽略。

本文转自
http://www.cn-java.com/www1/?action-viewnews-itemid-2520
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值