mybatis缓存机制

mybatis正如大多数持久层框架一样,缓存提供一级缓存和二级缓存。如hibernate

先说说mybatis一级缓存

用过hibernate的人应该了解,hibernate一级缓存的作用域是session。而session的生命周期很短,所以hibernate的一级缓存生命期也很短。

mybatis的一级缓存与hibernate一样,基于PerpetualCache 的 HashMap本地缓存,作用域也是session,一旦session close或则flush后,其中的缓存数据也将清空。

具体举例如下:

AboutDto.java

public class AboutDto{
    private String areacode;

    private String areaname;

    private String parentcode;

    private String memo;

    
    public AboutDto()
    {}
    
    public AboutDto(String areacode, String areaname, String parentcode) {
		this.areacode = areacode;
		this.areaname = areaname;
		this.parentcode = parentcode;
	}

	public String getAreacode() {
        return areacode;
    }

    public void setAreacode(String areacode) {
        this.areacode = areacode == null ? null : areacode.trim();
    }

    public String getAreaname() {
        return areaname;
    }

    public void setAreaname(String areaname) {
        this.areaname = areaname == null ? null : areaname.trim();
    }

    public String getParentcode() {
        return parentcode;
    }

    public void setParentcode(String parentcode) {
        this.parentcode = parentcode == null ? null : parentcode.trim();
    }

    public String getMemo() {
        return memo;
    }

    public void setMemo(String memo) {
        this.memo = memo == null ? null : memo.trim();
    }

AboutDtoMapper.java

public interface AboutDtoMapper {

    AboutDto selectByPrimaryKey(@Param("areacode")String areacode);
}
在这里,我只定义了一个根据主键查询的接口方法

AboutDtoMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="test.dao.AboutDtoMapper">
  <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="test.model.AboutDto">
    <id column="AREACODE" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="areacode" />
    <result column="AREANAME" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="areaname" />
    <result column="PARENTCODE" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="parentcode" />
    <result column="MEMO" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="memo" />
  </resultMap>
  <sql id="Base_Column_List">
    AREACODE, AREANAME, PARENTCODE, MEMO
  </sql>
  <select id="selectByPrimaryKey" parameterType="map" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
    select * from SYS_AREAINFO
    where AREACODE = #{areacode}
  </select>
</mapper>
测试

public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		AboutDtoMapper mapper = session.getMapper(AboutDtoMapper.class);
		AboutDto dto = mapper.selectByPrimaryKey("pqgl01");
		System.out.println(dto.getAreaname());
		<span style="color:#FF0000;">session.commit();//1</span>
		AboutDto dto2 = mapper.selectByPrimaryKey("pqgl01");
        System.out.println(dto2.getAreaname());
	}

测试结果

DEBUG - Created connection 7791465.
DEBUG - ooo Connection Opened
DEBUG - ==>  Executing: select * from SYS_AREAINFO where AREACODE = ? 
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: pqgl01(String)
DEBUG - <==    Columns: AREACODE, AREANAME, PARENTCODE, MEMO
DEBUG - <==        Row: pqgl01, 龙泉驿, pqgl20, null
龙泉驿
DEBUG - ==>  Executing: select * from SYS_AREAINFO where AREACODE = ? 
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: pqgl01(String)
DEBUG - <==    Columns: AREACODE, AREANAME, PARENTCODE, MEMO
DEBUG - <==        Row: pqgl01, 龙泉驿, pqgl20, null
龙泉驿
mybatis默认一级缓存是开启的,所以这里就不贴mybatis-config.xml中代码了。

上面测试中,当session提交后,控制台打印显示,程序执行了两次查询数据库的操作。当我们屏蔽掉1处commit代码,再看控制台结果

DEBUG - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG - Created connection 7791465.
DEBUG - ooo Connection Opened
DEBUG - ==>  Executing: select * from SYS_AREAINFO where AREACODE = ? 
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: pqgl01(String)
DEBUG - <==    Columns: AREACODE, AREANAME, PARENTCODE, MEMO
DEBUG - <==        Row: pqgl01, 龙泉驿, pqgl20, null
龙泉驿
龙泉驿
这里只执行了一次查询数据库操作。
由此可见,mybatis的一级缓存作用域只存在于session。

下面说说mybatis的二级缓存。

mybatis的二级缓存与一级缓存其机制相同,默认也是采用 PerpetualCache,HashMap存储,不同在于其存储作用域为 Mapper(Namespace),并且可自定义存储源,如 Ehcache。

我们先测试不开启mybatis的二级缓存。

测试代码

public static void main(String args[])
	{
		session1 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
                session2 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
		AboutDtoMapper mapper1 = session1.getMapper(AboutDtoMapper.class);
		AboutDtoMapper mapper2 = session2.getMapper(AboutDtoMapper.class);
	
		AboutDto dto = mapper1.selectByPrimaryKey("pqgl01");
		System.out.println(dto.getAreaname());
		session1.commit();
		AboutDto dto2 = mapper2.selectByPrimaryKey("pqgl01");
        System.out.println(dto2.getAreaname());
        session2.commit();
	}
这里我们定义了两个session,分别查询主键为pggl01对象。控制台输出结果

DEBUG - Created connection 21021313.
DEBUG - ooo Connection Opened
DEBUG - ==>  Executing: select * from SYS_AREAINFO where AREACODE = ? 
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: pqgl01(String)
DEBUG - <==    Columns: AREACODE, AREANAME, PARENTCODE, MEMO
DEBUG - <==        Row: pqgl01, 龙泉驿, pqgl20, null
龙泉驿
DEBUG - ==>  Executing: select * from SYS_AREAINFO where AREACODE = ? 
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: pqgl01(String)
DEBUG - <==    Columns: AREACODE, AREANAME, PARENTCODE, MEMO
DEBUG - <==        Row: pqgl01, 龙泉驿, pqgl20, null
龙泉驿
这里mybatis与数据库交互了两次,说明mybatis目前尚未开启二级缓存。需要我们手动开启。

在这里我用的Ehcache。需要注意的是,这里需要加入几个jar包

slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar

mybatis-ehcache-1.0.3.jar

ehcache-core-2.6.9.jar

配置AboutDtoMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="test.dao.AboutDtoMapper">
	<span style="color:#FF0000;"><cache type="org.mybatis.caches.ehcache.EhcacheCache"/></span> <!--这里指明缓存类型-->
  <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="test.model.AboutDto">
    <id column="AREACODE" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="areacode" />
    <result column="AREANAME" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="areaname" />
    <result column="PARENTCODE" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="parentcode" />
    <result column="MEMO" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="memo" />
  </resultMap>
  <sql id="Base_Column_List">
    AREACODE, AREANAME, PARENTCODE, MEMO
  </sql>
  <select id="selectByPrimaryKey" parameterType="map" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
    select * from SYS_AREAINFO
    where AREACODE = #{areacode}
  </select>
</mapper>
ehcache.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://ehcache.org/ehcache.xsd" updateCheck="true" monitoring="autodetect" dynamicConfig="true">
	<diskStore path="d:\test" />
	<defaultCache 
            maxElementsInMemory="10000" 
            maxElementsOnDisk="100000000" 
            eternal="false" 
            overflowToDisk="true" 
            timeToIdleSeconds="300" 
            timeToLiveSeconds="600" 
            diskPersistent="false" 
            diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120" 
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU" 
            /> 
            
    <!--
	name:Cache的唯一标识
	maxElementsInMemory:内存中最大缓存对象数
	maxElementsOnDisk:磁盘中最大缓存对象数,若是0表示无穷大
	eternal:Element是否永久有效,一但设置了,timeout将不起作用
	overflowToDisk:配置此属性,当内存中Element数量达到maxElementsInMemory时,Ehcache将会Element写到磁盘中
	timeToIdleSeconds:设置Element在失效前的允许闲置时间。仅当element不是永久有效时使用,可选属性,默认值是0,也就是可闲置时间无穷大
	timeToLiveSeconds:设置Element在失效前允许存活时间。最大时间介于创建时间和失效时间之间。仅当element不是永久有效时使用,默认是0.,也就是element存活时间无穷大 
	diskPersistent:是否缓存虚拟机重启期数据
	diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds:磁盘失效线程运行时间间隔,默认是120秒
	diskSpoolBufferSizeMB:这个参数设置DiskStore(磁盘缓存)的缓存区大小。默认是30MB。每个Cache都应该有自己的一个缓冲区
	memoryStoreEvictionPolicy:当达到maxElementsInMemory限制时,Ehcache将会根据指定的策略去清理内存。默认策略是LRU(最近最少使用)。你可以设置为FIFO(先进先出)或是LFU(较少使用) 
	-->

</ehcache>

特别需要说明的是,当开启mybatis的二级缓存时,Mapper的实体对象必须实现可序列化接口,否则会异常

Exception in thread "main" org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: 
### Error committing transaction.  Cause: org.apache.ibatis.cache.CacheException: Error serializing object.  Cause: java.io.NotSerializableException: test.model.AboutDto
### Cause: org.apache.ibatis.cache.CacheException: Error serializing object.  Cause: java.io.NotSerializableException: test.model.AboutDto
	at org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.wrapException(ExceptionFactory.java:8)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.commit(DefaultSqlSession.java:127)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.commit(DefaultSqlSession.java:119)
	at Test.main(Test.java:60)
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.cache.CacheException: Error serializing object.  Cause: java.io.NotSerializableException: test.model.AboutDto
	at org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.SerializedCache.serialize(SerializedCache.java:67)
	at org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.SerializedCache.putObject(SerializedCache.java:27)
	at org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.LoggingCache.putObject(LoggingCache.java:30)
	at org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.SynchronizedCache.putObject(SynchronizedCache.java:31)
	at org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.TransactionalCache$AddEntry.commit(TransactionalCache.java:96)
	at org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.TransactionalCache.commit(TransactionalCache.java:66)
	at org.apache.ibatis.cache.TransactionalCacheManager.commit(TransactionalCacheManager.java:22)
	at org.apache.ibatis.executor.CachingExecutor.commit(CachingExecutor.java:81)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.defaults.DefaultSqlSession.commit(DefaultSqlSession.java:124)
	... 2 more
Caused by: java.io.NotSerializableException: test.model.AboutDto
	at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1156)
	at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:326)
	at java.util.ArrayList.writeObject(ArrayList.java:570)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
	at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.invokeWriteObject(ObjectStreamClass.java:945)
	at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1461)
	at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1392)
	at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1150)
	at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:326)
	at org.apache.ibatis.cache.decorators.SerializedCache.serialize(SerializedCache.java:62)
	... 10 more

测试结果

DEBUG - ooo Connection Opened
DEBUG - Cache Hit Ratio [test.dao.AboutDtoMapper]: 0.0
DEBUG - ==>  Executing: select * from SYS_AREAINFO where AREACODE = ? 
DEBUG - ==> Parameters: pqgl01(String)
DEBUG - <==    Columns: AREACODE, AREANAME, PARENTCODE, MEMO
DEBUG - <==        Row: pqgl01, 龙泉驿, pqgl20, null
龙泉驿
DEBUG - put added 0 on heap
龙泉驿
DEBUG - Cache Hit Ratio [test.dao.AboutDtoMapper]: 0.5
DEBUG - fault removed 0 from heap
DEBUG - fault added 0 on disk
测试结果表明,只操作一次数据库


最后,补充一点,手动控制mybatis的一级缓存是否开启方式,在mybatis-config.xml文件中加

<settings>
      <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>

如有错误之处,请及时说明。


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