科普文：Java基础系列之【搞懂Oracle JDK的License协议：BCL、OTN、NFTC】

概叙

科普文：Oracle JDK收费后的常见openJDK版本梳理-CSDN博客

科普文：国内外JDK汇总_openjdk-CSDN博客

科普文：Java基础系列之【截止2024年9月30日JDK17免费License结束】_oracle jdk17 免费 三年-CSDN博客

科普文：如何选择jdk和jdk版本_jdk版本选择-CSDN博客

关于License协议

JDK 17 License协议：NFTC

JDK 17 于 2021 年 9 月 14 日正式发布。 JDK 17 是自 2018 年JDK 11后的第二个长期支持版本，支持到 2029 年 9 月，支持时间长达8年。

下一个长期支持版本是 JDK 21，时间为2023 年 9 月，这次长期支持版本发布计划改了，不再是原来的 3 年一次，而是改成了 2 年一次！非长期支持版本还是半年发一次不变。 JDK 17二进制文件在Oracle免费条款和条件许可下，可以在生产中免费使用(参考：Oracle Releases Java 17)，也可以免费重新分发。开源协议为NFTC(Oracle No-Fee Terms and Conditions )。

不再免费声明（截止2024.9.30）：

Oracle No-Fee Terms and Conditions (NFTC) License Agreement

Your use of this Program is governed by the No-Fee Terms and Conditions set forth below, unless you have received this Program (alone or as part of another Oracle product) under an Oracle license agreement (including but not limited to the Oracle Master Agreement), in which case your use of this Program is governed solely by such license agreement with Oracle.

Oracle No-Fee Terms and Conditions (NFTC)

Definitions

"Oracle" refers to Oracle America, Inc. "You" and "Your" refers to (a) a company or organization (each an "Entity") accessing the Programs, if use of the Programs will be on behalf of such Entity; or (b) an individual accessing the Programs, if use of the Programs will not be on behalf of an Entity. "Program(s)" refers to Oracle software provided by Oracle pursuant to the following terms and any updates, error corrections, and/or Program Documentation provided by Oracle. "Program Documentation" refers to Program user manuals and Program installation manuals, if any. If available, Program Documentation may be delivered with the Programs and/or may be accessed from www.oracle.com/documentation. "Separate Terms" refers to separate license terms that are specified in the Program Documentation, readmes or notice files and that apply to Separately Licensed Technology. "Separately Licensed Technology" refers to Oracle or third party technology that is licensed under Separate Terms and not under the terms of this license.

Separately Licensed Technology

Oracle may provide certain notices to You in Program Documentation, readmes or notice files in connection with Oracle or third party technology provided as or with the Programs. If specified in the Program Documentation, readmes or notice files, such technology will be licensed to You under Separate Terms. Your rights to use Separately Licensed Technology under Separate Terms are not restricted in any way by the terms herein. For clarity, notwithstanding the existence of a notice, third party technology that is not Separately Licensed Technology shall be deemed part of the Programs licensed to You under the terms of this license.

Source Code for Open Source Software

For software that You receive from Oracle in binary form that is licensed under an open source license that gives You the right to receive the source code for that binary, You can obtain a copy of the applicable source code from https://oss.oracle.com/sources/ or http://www.oracle.com/goto/opensourcecode. If the source code for such software was not provided to You with the binary, You can also receive a copy of the source code on physical media by submitting a written request pursuant to the instructions in the "Written Offer for Source Code" section of the latter website.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The following license terms apply to those Programs that are not provided to You under Separate Terms.

License Rights and Restrictions

Oracle grants to You, as a recipient of this Program, subject to the conditions stated herein, a nonexclusive, nontransferable, limited license to:

(a) internally use the unmodified Programs for the purposes of developing, testing, prototyping and demonstrating your applications, and running the Program for Your own personal use or internal business operations; and

(b) redistribute the unmodified Program and Program Documentation, under the terms of this License, provided that You do not charge Your licensees any fees associated with such distribution or use of the Program, including, without limitation, fees for products that include or are bundled with a copy of the Program or for services that involve the use of the distributed Program.

You may make copies of the Programs to the extent reasonably necessary for exercising the license rights granted herein and for backup purposes. You are granted the right to use the Programs to provide third party training in the use of the Programs and associated Separately Licensed Technology only if there is express authorization of such use by Oracle on the Program's download page or in the Program Documentation.

Your license is contingent on compliance with the following conditions:

- You do not remove markings or notices of either Oracle's or a licensor's proprietary rights from the Programs or Program Documentation;

- You comply with all U.S. and applicable export control and economic sanctions laws and regulations that govern Your use of the Programs (including technical data);

- You do not cause or permit reverse engineering, disassembly or decompilation of the Programs (except as allowed by law) by You nor allow an associated party to do so.

For clarity, any source code that may be included in the distribution with the Programs is provided solely for reference purposes and may not be modified, unless such source code is under Separate Terms permitting modification.

Ownership

Oracle or its licensors retain all ownership and intellectual property rights to the Programs.

Information Collection

The Programs' installation and/or auto-update processes, if any, may transmit a limited amount of data to Oracle or its service provider about those processes to help Oracle understand and optimize them. Oracle does not associate the data with personally identifiable information. Refer to Oracle's Privacy Policy at www.oracle.com/privacy.

Disclaimer of Warranties; Limitation of Liability

THE PROGRAMS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. ORACLE FURTHER DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS AND IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NONINFRINGEMENT.

IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW WILL ORACLE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

Last updated: 12 September 2021

附录1：Oracle No-Fee Terms and Conditions (NFTC)：
Oracle grants to You, as a recipient of this Program, subject to the conditions stated herein, a nonexclusive, nontransferable, limited license to:
(a) internally use the unmodified Programs for the purposes of developing, testing, prototyping and demonstrating your applications, and running the Program for Your own personal use or internal business operations; and
(b) redistribute the unmodified Program and Program Documentation, under the terms of this License, provided that You do not charge Your licensees any fees associated with such distribution or use of the Program, including, without limitation, fees for products that include or are bundled with a copy of the Program or for services that involve the use of the distributed Program.
You may make copies of the Programs to the extent reasonably necessary for exercising the license rights granted herein and for backup purposes. You are granted the right to use the Programs to provide third party training in the use of the Programs and associated Separately Licensed Technology only if there is express authorization of such use by Oracle on the Program’s download page or in the Program Documentation.
Your license is contingent on compliance with the following conditions:
– You do not remove markings or notices of either Oracle’s or a licensor’s proprietary rights from the Programs or Program Documentation;
– You comply with all U.S. and applicable export control and economic sanctions laws and regulations that govern Your use of the Programs (including technical data);
– You do not cause or permit reverse engineering, disassembly or decompilation of the Programs (except as allowed by law) by You nor allow an associated party to do so.
For clarity, any source code that may be included in the distribution with the Programs is provided solely for reference purposes and may not be modified, unless such source code is under Separate Terms permitting modification.
附录2：Oracle Technology Network License Agreement for Oracle Java SE
License Rights and Restrictions Oracle grants You a nonexclusive, nontransferable, limited license to use the Programs, subject to the restrictions stated in this Agreement and Program Documentation, only for:
(i) Personal Use,
(ii) Development Use,
(iii) Oracle Approved Product Use, and/or
(iv) Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Use.
You may allow Your Contractor(s) to use the Programs, provided they are acting on Your behalf to exercise license rights granted in this Agreement and further provided that You are responsible for their compliance with this Agreement in such use. You will have a written agreement with Your Contractor(s) that strictly limits their right to use the Programs and that otherwise protects Oracle’s intellectual property rights to the same extent as this Agreement. You may make copies of the Programs to the extent reasonably necessary to exercise the license rights granted in this Agreement.
You may not:

• remove or modify any Program markings or any notice of Oracle’s or a licensor’s proprietary rights;
• make the Programs available in any manner to any third party (other than Contractors acting on Your behalf as set forth in this Agreement);
• assign this Agreement or distribute, give, or transfer the Programs or an interest in them to any third party, except as expressly permitted in this Agreement for Contractors (the foregoing shall not be construed to limit the rights You may otherwise have with respect to Separately Licensed Third Party Technology);
• cause or permit reverse engineering (unless required by law for interoperability), disassembly or decompilation of the Programs; and
• create, modify, or change the behavior of, classes, interfaces, or subpackages that are in any way identified as “java”, “javax”, “sun”, “oracle” or similar convention as specified by Oracle in any naming convention designation.

The Programs may contain source code that, unless expressly licensed in this Agreement for other purposes (for example, licensed under an open source license), is provided solely for reference purposes pursuant to the terms of this Agreement and may not be modified.
All rights not expressly granted in this Agreement are reserved by Oracle. If You want to use the Programs for any purpose other than as expressly permitted under this Agreement, You must obtain from Oracle or an Oracle reseller a valid Program license under a separate agreement permitting such use.
OwnershipOracle or its licensors retain all ownership and intellectual property rights to the Programs.

JDK8License协议：BCL、OTN

Oracle收购SUN以后，构建并发布OracleJDK，即大家普遍熟悉的JDK，也是生产环境使用最多的JDK发行版本，拥有Java完整功能，以及OpenJDK没有的一些商用特性，同时，Oracle定期发布OracleJDK，但也会产期维护LTS的旧版本（目前Java SE 7，8，11，17，21为LTS版本），所以功能性、稳定性、安全性要高于OpenJDK。不过，作为OpenJDK社区的主导者，Oracle也在尽量减少OpenJDK和Oracle JDK的差别(source)，将一些商业特性移植到了OpenJDK上，比如Java Flight Recorder，Java Mission Control和ZGC等。

对于普通开发者，两者差异可忽略不计。

2019年4月16日以及之前发布的 OracleJDK 授权许可协议是BCL协议，即Oracle Binary Code License Agreement，协议规定我们可以使用JDK，但是不能进行修改。私用和商用都可以。

2019年4月16日，Oracle发布了新的JDK 8的更新，版本号为8u211和8u212。与以往不同的是，新版本的许可协议从BCL换成了OTN，即Oracle Technology Network License Agreement，目前新发布的JDK用的都是这个协议，可以私用以及研发用，商用需要付费，这就意味着，我们不能在生产环境使用这个版本了。所以，OracleJDK最后的免费版本为2019年1月15日发布的Oracle JDK 8u201和8u202。

2019年java更新了许可政策：Java Archive Downloads - Java SE 8u211 and later

Java SE 8 Archive Downloads (JDK 8u211 and later)
Go to the Oracle Java Archive page.

The JDK is a development environment for building applications using the Java programming language.

The JDK includes tools useful for developing and testing programs written in the Java programming language and running on the JavaTM platform.

Important Oracle JDK License Update
The Oracle JDK License has changed for releases starting April 16, 2019.

The new Oracle Technology Network License Agreement for Oracle Java SE is substantially different from prior Oracle JDK licenses. The new license permits certain uses, such as personal use and development use, at no cost -- but other uses authorized under prior Oracle JDK licenses may no longer be available. Please review the terms carefully before downloading and using this product. An FAQ is available here.

Commercial license and support is available with a low cost Java SE Subscription.

Oracle also provides the latest OpenJDK release under the open source GPL License at jdk.java.net.

WARNING: Older versions of the JDK are provided to help developers debug issues in older systems. They are not updated with the latest security patches and are not recommended for use in production.

For production use Oracle recommends downloading the latest JDK version.

Only developers and enterprise administrators should download these releases.

For current Java releases, please visit Oracle Java SE Downloads.

Java SE Development Kit 8u421
This software is licensed under the Oracle Technology Network License Agreement for Oracle Java SE

特别关注：关于OracleJDK每次发布2个版本号，请参照附录

下图表示两种许可协议的区别

三种许可协议

从前面JDK8、JDK17的License协议声明可知，OracleJDK 主要有三种许可协议：

• BCL 协议：Oracle Binary Code License Agreement；JDK9/JDK10以及JDK86202之前的免费许可协议。
• OTN 协议：Oracle Technology Network License Agreement；JDK11/JDK12以及JDK8u211之后的商业收费许可协议。
• NFTC 协议：Oracle No-Fee Terms and Conditions License；最新的JDK17及其之后的商业收费许可协议。

其中，OTN 协议是商用收费的，因此下载使用时，需注意版本协议。

提示：OracleJDK 是 OpenJDK 比较知名权威的发行版，但因其收费模式比较复杂多变，所以越来越多的公司开始采用 OpenJDK 的其他发行版。目前，Java 知名社区 Spring 官方推荐的 OpenJDK 发行版为 Liberica JDK 。

JDK版本与商用协议

JDK 版本	BCL 协议（商用免费）	OTN 协议（商用收费）	NFTC 协议（商用免费）
1.1	√
1.2	√
1.3	√
1.4	√
5	√
6	√
7	√
8	8u202 及8u201之前的版本	8u211 及8u212之后的版本
9	√
10	√
11	JDK11.0.0\JDK11.0.1之前的版本	√ JDK11.0.2及其之后的版本
12		√
13		√
14		√
15		√
16		√
17			√
18			√
19			√
20			√
21			√
22			√
23			√

 

BCL协议

2019年4月16日以及之前发布的 OracleJDK 授权许可协议是BCL协议，即Oracle Binary Code License Agreement，协议规定我们可以使用JDK，但是不能进行修改。私用和商用都可以。

Oracle Binary Code License Agreement for the Java SE Platform Products and JavaFX
ORACLE AMERICA, INC. ("ORACLE"), FOR AND ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATES UNDER COMMON CONTROL, IS WILLING TO LICENSE THE SOFTWARE TO YOU ONLY UPON THE CONDITION THAT YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS BINARY CODE LICENSE AGREEMENT AND SUPPLEMENTAL LICENSE TERMS (COLLECTIVELY "AGREEMENT"). PLEASE READ THE AGREEMENT CAREFULLY. BY SELECTING THE "ACCEPT LICENSE AGREEMENT" (OR THE EQUIVALENT) BUTTON AND/OR BY USING THE SOFTWARE YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU HAVE READ THE TERMS AND AGREE TO THEM. IF YOU ARE AGREEING TO THESE TERMS ON BEHALF OF A COMPANY OR OTHER LEGAL ENTITY, YOU REPRESENT THAT YOU HAVE THE LEGAL AUTHORITY TO BIND THE LEGAL ENTITY TO THESE TERMS. IF YOU DO NOT HAVE SUCH AUTHORITY, OR IF YOU DO NOT WISH TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS, THEN SELECT THE "DECLINE LICENSE AGREEMENT" (OR THE EQUIVALENT) BUTTON AND YOU MUST NOT USE THE SOFTWARE ON THIS SITE OR ANY OTHER MEDIA ON WHICH THE SOFTWARE IS CONTAINED.

DEFINITIONS. "Software" means the software identified above in binary form that you selected for download, install or use (in the version You selected for download, install or use) from Oracle or its authorized licensees and/or those portions of such software produced by jlink as output using a Program’s code, when such output is in unmodified form in combination, and for sole use with, that Program, as well as any other machine readable materials (including, but not limited to, libraries, source files, header files, and data files), any updates or error corrections provided by Oracle, and any user manuals, programming guides and other documentation provided to you by Oracle under this Agreement. The Java Linker (jlink) is available with Java 9 and later versions.  "General Purpose Desktop Computers and Servers" means computers, including desktop and laptop computers, or servers, used for general computing functions under end user control (such as but not specifically limited to email, general purpose Internet browsing, and office suite productivity tools). The use of Software in systems and solutions that provide dedicated functionality (other than as mentioned above) or designed for use in embedded or function-specific software applications, for example but not limited to: Software embedded in or bundled with industrial control systems, wireless mobile telephones, wireless handheld devices, kiosks, TV/STB, Blu-ray Disc devices, telematics and network control switching equipment, printers and storage management systems, and other related systems are excluded from this definition and not licensed under this Agreement. "Programs" means (a) Java technology applets and applications intended to run on the Java Platform, Standard Edition platform on Java-enabled General Purpose Desktop Computers and Servers; and (b) JavaFX technology applications intended to run on the JavaFX Runtime on JavaFX-enabled General Purpose Desktop Computers and Servers. “Java SE LIUM” means the Licensing Information User Manual – Oracle Java SE and Oracle Java Embedded Products Document accessible at http://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/java-se-doc.html. “Commercial Features” means those features that are identified as such in the Java SE LIUM under the “Description of Product Editions and Permitted Features” section.
LICENSE TO USE. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement including, but not limited to, the Java Technology Restrictions of the Supplemental License Terms, Oracle grants you a non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited license without license fees to reproduce and use internally the Software complete and unmodified for the sole purpose of running Programs. THE LICENSE SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION 2 DOES NOT EXTEND TO THE COMMERCIAL FEATURES. YOUR RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS RELATED TO THE COMMERCIAL FEATURES ARE AS SET FORTH IN THE SUPPLEMENTAL TERMS ALONG WITH ADDITIONAL LICENSES FOR DEVELOPERS AND PUBLISHERS.
RESTRICTIONS. Software is copyrighted. Title to Software and all associated intellectual property rights is retained by Oracle and/or its licensors. Unless enforcement is prohibited by applicable law, you may not modify, decompile, or reverse engineer Software. You acknowledge that the Software is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications; it is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications that may create a risk of personal injury. If you use the Software in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure its safe use. Oracle disclaims any express or implied warranty of fitness for such uses. No right, title or interest in or to any trademark, service mark, logo or trade name of Oracle or its licensors is granted under this Agreement. Additional restrictions for developers and/or publishers licenses are set forth in the Supplemental License Terms.
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. ORACLE FURTHER DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS AND IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NONINFRINGEMENT.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. IN NO EVENT SHALL ORACLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, REVENUE, DATA OR DATA USE, INCURRED BY YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION IN CONTRACT OR TORT, EVEN IF ORACLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ORACLE'S ENTIRE LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES HEREUNDER SHALL IN NO EVENT EXCEED ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS (U.S. $1,000).
TERMINATION. This Agreement is effective until terminated. You may terminate this Agreement at any time by destroying all copies of Software. This Agreement will terminate immediately without notice from Oracle if you fail to comply with any provision of this Agreement. Either party may terminate this Agreement immediately should any Software become, or in either party's opinion be likely to become, the subject of a claim of infringement of any intellectual property right. Upon termination, you must destroy all copies of Software.
EXPORT REGULATIONS. You agree that U.S. export control laws and other applicable export and import laws govern your use of the Software, including technical data; additional information can be found on Oracle's Global Trade Compliance web site (http://www.oracle.com/corporate/security-practices/corporate/governance/global-trade-compliance.html). You agree that neither the Software nor any direct product thereof will be exported, directly, or indirectly, in violation of these laws, or will be used for any purpose prohibited by these laws including, without limitation, nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons proliferation.
TRADEMARKS AND LOGOS. You acknowledge and agree as between you and Oracle that Oracle owns the ORACLE and JAVA trademarks and all ORACLE- and JAVA-related trademarks, service marks, logos and other brand designations ("Oracle Marks"), and you agree to comply with the Third Party Usage Guidelines for Oracle Trademarks currently located at http://www.oracle.com/legal/trademarks.html. Any use you make of the Oracle Marks inures to Oracle's benefit.
U.S. GOVERNMENT LICENSE RIGHTS. If Software is being acquired by or on behalf of the U.S. Government or by a U.S. Government prime contractor or subcontractor (at any tier), then the Government's rights in Software and accompanying documentation shall be only those set forth in this Agreement.
GOVERNING LAW. This agreement is governed by the substantive and procedural laws of California. You and Oracle agree to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of, and venue in, the courts of San Francisco, or Santa Clara counties in California in any dispute arising out of or relating to this agreement.
SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be unenforceable, this Agreement will remain in effect with the provision omitted, unless omission would frustrate the intent of the parties, in which case this Agreement will immediately terminate.
INTEGRATION. This Agreement is the entire agreement between you and Oracle relating to its subject matter. It supersedes all prior or contemporaneous oral or written communications, proposals, representations and warranties and prevails over any conflicting or additional terms of any quote, order, acknowledgment, or other communication between the parties relating to its subject matter during the term of this Agreement. No modification of this Agreement will be binding, unless in writing and signed by an authorized representative of each party.
SUPPLEMENTAL LICENSE TERMS

These Supplemental License Terms add to or modify the terms of the Binary Code License Agreement. Capitalized terms not defined in these Supplemental Terms shall have the same meanings ascribed to them in the Binary Code License Agreement. These Supplemental Terms shall supersede any inconsistent or conflicting terms in the Binary Code License Agreement, or in any license contained within the Software.

A. COMMERCIAL FEATURES. You may not use the Commercial Features for running Programs, Java applets or applications in your internal business operations or for any commercial or production purpose, or for any purpose other than as set forth in Sections B, C, D and E of these Supplemental Terms. If You want to use the Commercial Features for any purpose other than as permitted in this Agreement, You must obtain a separate license from Oracle.

B. SOFTWARE INTERNAL USE FOR DEVELOPMENT LICENSE GRANT. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and restrictions and exceptions set forth in the Java SE LIUM incorporated herein by reference, including, but not limited to the Java Technology Restrictions of these Supplemental Terms, Oracle grants you a non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited license without fees to reproduce internally and use internally the Software complete and unmodified for the purpose of designing, developing, and testing your Programs.

C. LICENSE TO DISTRIBUTE SOFTWARE. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and restrictions and exceptions set forth in the Java SE LIUM, including, but not limited to the Java Technology Restrictions and Limitations on Redistribution of these Supplemental Terms, Oracle grants you a non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited license without fees to reproduce and distribute the Software, provided that (i) you distribute the Software complete and unmodified and only bundled as part of, and for the sole purpose of running, your Programs, (ii) the Programs add significant and primary functionality to the Software, (iii) you do not distribute additional software intended to replace any component(s) of the Software, (iv) you do not remove or alter any proprietary legends or notices contained in the Software, (v) you only distribute the Software subject to a license agreement that: (a) is a complete, unmodified reproduction of this Agreement; or (b) protects Oracle's interests consistent with the terms contained in this Agreement and that includes the notice set forth in Section H, and (vi) you agree to defend and indemnify Oracle and its licensors from and against any damages, costs, liabilities, settlement amounts and/or expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred in connection with any claim, lawsuit or action by any third party that arises or results from the use or distribution of any and all Programs and/or Software. The license set forth in this Section C does not extend to the Software identified in Section G.

D. LICENSE TO DISTRIBUTE REDISTRIBUTABLES. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and restrictions and exceptions set forth in the Java SE LIUM, including but not limited to the Java Technology Restrictions and Limitations on Redistribution of these Supplemental Terms, Oracle grants you a non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited license without fees to reproduce and distribute those files specifically identified as redistributable in the Java SE LIUM ("Redistributables") provided that: (i) you distribute the Redistributables complete and unmodified, and only bundled as part of Programs, (ii) the Programs add significant and primary functionality to the Redistributables, (iii) you do not distribute additional software intended to supersede any component(s) of the Redistributables (unless otherwise specified in the applicable Java SE LIUM), (iv) you do not remove or alter any proprietary legends or notices contained in or on the Redistributables, (v) you only distribute the Redistributables pursuant to a license agreement that: (a) is a complete, unmodified reproduction of this Agreement; or (b) protects Oracle's interests consistent with the terms contained in the Agreement and includes the notice set forth in Section H, (vi) you agree to defend and indemnify Oracle and its licensors from and against any damages, costs, liabilities, settlement amounts and/or expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred in connection with any claim, lawsuit or action by any third party that arises or results from the use or distribution of any and all Programs and/or Software. The license set forth in this Section D does not extend to the Software identified in Section G.

E. DISTRIBUTION BY PUBLISHERS. This section pertains to your distribution of the JavaTM SE Development Kit Software (“JDK”) with your printed book or magazine (as those terms are commonly used in the industry) relating to Java technology ("Publication"). Subject to and conditioned upon your compliance with the restrictions and obligations contained in the Agreement, Oracle hereby grants to you a non-exclusive, nontransferable limited right to reproduce complete and unmodified copies of the JDK on electronic media (the "Media") for the sole purpose of inclusion and distribution with your Publication(s), subject to the following terms: (i) You may not distribute the JDK on a stand-alone basis; it must be distributed with your Publication(s); (ii) You are responsible for downloading the JDK from the applicable Oracle web site; (iii) You must refer to the JDK as JavaTM SE Development Kit; (iv) The JDK must be reproduced in its entirety and without any modification whatsoever (including with respect to all proprietary notices) and distributed with your Publication subject to a license agreement that is a complete, unmodified reproduction of this Agreement; (v) The Media label shall include the following information: “Copyright [YEAR], Oracle America, Inc. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. ORACLE and JAVA trademarks and all ORACLE- and JAVA-related trademarks, service marks, logos and other brand designations are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle in the U.S. and other countries.” [YEAR] is the year of Oracle's release of the Software; the year information can typically be found in the Software’s “About” box or screen. This information must be placed on the Media label in such a manner as to only apply to the JDK; (vi) You must clearly identify the JDK as Oracle's product on the Media holder or Media label, and you may not state or imply that Oracle is responsible for any third-party software contained on the Media; (vii) You may not include any third party software on the Media which is intended to be a replacement or substitute for the JDK; (viii) You agree to defend and indemnify Oracle and its licensors from and against any damages, costs, liabilities, settlement amounts and/or expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred in connection with any claim, lawsuit or action by any third party that arises or results from the use or distribution of the JDK and/or the Publication; ; and (ix) You shall provide Oracle with a written notice for each Publication; such notice shall include the following information: (1) title of Publication, (2) author(s), (3) date of Publication, and (4) ISBN or ISSN numbers. Such notice shall be sent to Oracle America, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, California 94065 U.S.A , Attention: General Counsel.

F. JAVA TECHNOLOGY RESTRICTIONS. You may not create, modify, or change the behavior of, or authorize your licensees to create, modify, or change the behavior of, classes, interfaces, or subpackages that are in any way identified as "java", "javax", "sun", “oracle” or similar convention as specified by Oracle in any naming convention designation.

G. LIMITATIONS ON REDISTRIBUTION. You may not redistribute or otherwise transfer patches, bug fixes or updates made available by Oracle through Oracle Premier Support, including those made available under Oracle's Java SE Support program.

H. COMMERCIAL FEATURES NOTICE. For purpose of complying with Supplemental Term Section C.(v)(b) and D.(v)(b), your license agreement shall include the following notice, where the notice is displayed in a manner that anyone using the Software will see the notice:

Use of the Commercial Features for any commercial or production purpose requires a separate license from Oracle. “Commercial Features” means those features that are identified as such in the Licensing Information User Manual – Oracle Java SE and Oracle Java Embedded Products Document, accessible at http://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/java-se-doc.html, under the “Description of Product Editions and Permitted Features” section.
 
I. SOURCE CODE. Software may contain source code that, unless expressly licensed for other purposes, is provided solely for reference purposes pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. Source code may not be redistributed unless expressly provided for in this Agreement.

J. THIRD PARTY CODE. Additional copyright notices and license terms applicable to portions of the Software are set forth in the Java SE LIUM accessible at http://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/java-se-doc.html. In addition to any terms and conditions of any third party opensource/freeware license identified in the Java SE LIUM, the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provisions in paragraphs 4 and 5 of the Binary Code License Agreement shall apply to all Software in this distribution.

K. TERMINATION FOR INFRINGEMENT. Either party may terminate this Agreement immediately should any Software become, or in either party's opinion be likely to become, the subject of a claim of infringement of any intellectual property right.

L. INSTALLATION AND AUTO-UPDATE. The Software's installation and auto-update processes transmit a limited amount of data to Oracle (or its service provider) about those specific processes to help Oracle understand and optimize them. Oracle does not associate the data with personally identifiable information. You can find more information about the data Oracle collects as a result of your Software download at http://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/java-se-doc.html.

For inquiries please contact: Oracle America, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway,

Redwood Shores, California 94065, USA.

Last updated 21 September 2017

OTN协议

2019年4月16日，Oracle发布了新的JDK 8的更新，版本号为8u211和8u212。与以往不同的是，新版本的许可协议从BCL换成了OTN，即Oracle Technology Network License Agreement，目前新发布的JDK用的都是这个协议，可以私用以及研发用，商用需要付费，这就意味着，我们不能在生产环境使用这个版本了。所以，OracleJDK最后的免费版本为2019年1月15日发布的Oracle JDK 8u201和8u202。

Oracle Technology Network License Agreement for Oracle Java SE
Oracle is willing to authorize Your access to software associated with this License Agreement (“Agreement”) only upon the condition that You accept that this Agreement governs Your use of the software. By selecting the "Accept License Agreement" button or box (or the equivalent) or installing or using the Programs, You indicate Your acceptance of this Agreement and Your agreement, as an authorized representative of Your company or organization (if being acquired for use by an entity) or as an individual, to comply with the license terms that apply to the software that You wish to download and access. If You are not willing to be bound by this Agreement, do not select the “Accept License Agreement” button or box (or the equivalent) and do not download or access the software.

Definitions"Oracle" refers to Oracle America, Inc.

"You" and "Your" refers to (a) a company or organization (“Entity”) accessing the Programs, if use of the Programs will be on behalf of such Entity; or (b) an individual accessing the Programs (“Individual”), if use of the Programs will not be on behalf of an Entity.

“Contractors” refers to Your agents and contractors (including, without limitation, outsourcers).

“Development Use” refers to Your internal use of the Programs to develop, test, prototype and demonstrate Your Applications. For purposes of clarity, the “to develop” grant includes using the Programs to run profilers, debuggers and Integrated Development Environments (IDE Tools) where the primary purpose of the IDE Tools is profiling, debugging and source code editing Applications.

"Program(s)" refers to Oracle software provided by Oracle pursuant to this Agreement and any updates, error corrections, and/or Program Documentation provided by Oracle.

“Program Documentation” refers to the Licensing Information User Manual for Oracle Java SE for the applicable version accessible at https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-documentation.html and other documentation provided by Oracle with the Programs or accessible at https://docs.oracle.com/en/java.

“Separate Terms” refers to separate license terms that are specified in the Program Documentation, readmes or notice files and that apply to Separately Licensed Third Party Technology.

“Separately Licensed Third Party Technology” refers to third party technology that is licensed under Separate Terms and not under the terms of this Agreement.

“Application” refers to applications intended to run on the Java Platform, Standard Edition.

“Personal Use” refers to an Individual's use of the Programs solely on a desktop or laptop computer under such Individual's control only to run Personal Applications.

“Personal Applications” refers to Applications designed for individual personal use only, such as games or personal productivity tools.

“Oracle Approved Product Use” refers to Your internal use of the Programs only to run: (a) the product(s) identified as Schedule A Products at https://java.com/oaa; and/or (b) software Applications developed using the products identified as Schedule B Products at java.com/oaa by an Oracle authorized licensee of such Schedule B Products. If You are unsure whether the Application You intend to run using the Programs is developed using a Schedule B Product, please contact your Application provider.

“Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Use (“OCI Use”)” refers to Your use of the Programs on Oracle's Cloud Infrastructure with the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure products identified in the Oracle PaaS and IaaS Universal Credits Service Descriptions available at http://oracle.com/contracts during the period in which You maintain a subscription for such Oracle Cloud Infrastructure products.

License Rights and Restrictions Oracle grants You a nonexclusive, nontransferable, limited license to use the Programs, subject to the restrictions stated in this Agreement and Program Documentation, only for:

(i)     Personal Use,
(ii)    Development Use,
(iii)   Oracle Approved Product Use, and/or
(iv)   Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Use.

You may allow Your Contractor(s) to use the Programs, provided they are acting on Your behalf to exercise license rights granted in this Agreement and further provided that You are responsible for their compliance with this Agreement in such use. You will have a written agreement with Your Contractor(s) that strictly limits their right to use the Programs and that otherwise protects Oracle's intellectual property rights to the same extent as this Agreement. You may make copies of the Programs to the extent reasonably necessary to exercise the license rights granted in this Agreement.
You may not:

remove or modify any Program markings or any notice of Oracle's or a licensor's proprietary rights;
make the Programs available in any manner to any third party (other than Contractors acting on Your behalf as set forth in this Agreement);
assign this Agreement or distribute, give, or transfer the Programs or an interest in them to any third party, except as expressly permitted in this Agreement for Contractors (the foregoing shall not be construed to limit the rights You may otherwise have with respect to Separately Licensed Third Party Technology);
cause or permit reverse engineering (unless required by law for interoperability), disassembly or decompilation of the Programs; and
create, modify, or change the behavior of, classes, interfaces, or subpackages that are in any way identified as "java", "javax", "sun", “oracle” or similar convention as specified by Oracle in any naming convention designation.
The Programs may contain source code that, unless expressly licensed in this Agreement for other purposes (for example, licensed under an open source license), is provided solely for reference purposes pursuant to the terms of this Agreement and may not be modified.

All rights not expressly granted in this Agreement are reserved by Oracle. If You want to use the Programs for any purpose other than as expressly permitted under this Agreement, You must obtain from Oracle or an Oracle reseller a valid Program license under a separate agreement permitting such use.

OwnershipOracle or its licensors retain all ownership and intellectual property rights to the Programs.

Third-Party Technology The Programs may contain or require the use of third party technology that is provided with the Programs. Oracle may provide certain notices to You in Program Documentation, readmes or notice files in connection with such third party technology. Third party technology will be licensed to You either under the terms of this Agreement or, if specified in the Program Documentation, readmes or notice files, under Separate Terms. Your rights to use Separately Licensed Third Party Technology under Separate Terms are not restricted in any way by this Agreement. However, for clarity, notwithstanding the existence of a notice, third party technology that is not Separately Licensed Third Party Technology shall be deemed part of the Programs and is licensed to You under the terms of this Agreement.

Source Code for Open Source SoftwareFor software that You receive from Oracle in binary form that is licensed under an open source license that gives You the right to receive the source code for that binary, You can obtain a copy of the applicable source code from https://oss.oracle.com/sources/ or http://www.oracle.com/goto/opensourcecode. If the source code for such software was not provided to You with the binary, You can also receive a copy of the source code on physical media by submitting a written request pursuant to the instructions in the "Written Offer for Source Code" section of the latter website.

Export Controls Export laws and regulations of the United States and any other relevant local export laws and regulations apply to the Programs. You agree that such export control laws govern Your use of the Programs (including technical data) and any services deliverables provided under this agreement, and You agree to comply with all such export laws and regulations (including "deemed export" and "deemed re-export" regulations). You agree that no data, information, program and/or materials resulting from Programs or services (or direct products thereof) will be exported, directly or indirectly, in violation of these laws, or will be used for any purpose prohibited by these laws including, without limitation, nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons proliferation, or development of missile technology. Accordingly, You confirm:

You will not download, provide, make available or otherwise export or re-export the Programs, directly or indirectly, to countries prohibited by applicable laws and regulations nor to citizens, nationals or residents of those countries.
You are not listed on the United States Department of Treasury lists of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons, Specially Designated Terrorists, and Specially Designated Narcotic Traffickers, nor are You listed on the United States Department of Commerce Table of Denial Orders.
You will not download or otherwise export or re-export the Programs, directly or indirectly, to persons on the above mentioned lists.
You will not use the Programs for, and will not allow the Programs to be used for, any purposes prohibited by applicable law, including, without limitation, for the development, design, manufacture or production of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons of mass destruction.
Information CollectionThe Programs' installation and/or update processes, if any, may transmit a limited amount of data to Oracle or its service provider about those processes to help Oracle understand and optimize them. Oracle does not associate the data with personally identifiable information. Refer to Oracle's Privacy Policy at www.oracle.com/privacy.

Disclaimer of Warranties; Limitation of Liability THE PROGRAMS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. ORACLE FURTHER DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS AND IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NONINFRINGEMENT.

IN NO EVENT WILL ORACLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, REVENUE, DATA OR DATA USE, INCURRED BY YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION IN CONTRACT OR TORT, EVEN IF ORACLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ORACLE'S ENTIRE LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT SHALL IN NO EVENT EXCEED ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS (U.S. $1,000).

No Technical Support Oracle does not provide technical support, phone support, or updates under this Agreement.

Audit; Termination Oracle may audit an Entity's use of the Programs. You may terminate this Agreement by destroying all copies of the Programs. This Agreement shall automatically terminate without notice if You fail to comply with any of the terms of this Agreement, in which case You shall promptly destroy all copies of the Programs.

Relationship Between the Parties Oracle is an independent contractor and we agree that no partnership, joint venture, or agency relationship exists between us. We each will be responsible for paying our own employees, including employment related taxes and insurance. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to limit either party's right to independently develop or distribute software that is functionally similar to the other party's products, so long as proprietary information of the other party is not included in such software.

Entire Agreement; Governing Law You agree that this Agreement is the complete agreement for the Programs and this Agreement supersedes all prior or contemporaneous agreements or representations, including any clickwrap, shrinkwrap or similar licenses, or license agreements for prior versions of the Programs. This Agreement may not be modified and the rights and restrictions may not be altered or waived except in a writing signed by authorized representatives of You and of Oracle. If any term of this Agreement is found to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions will remain effective.

This Agreement is governed by the substantive and procedural laws of the State of California, USA, and You and Oracle agree to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of, and venue in, the courts of San Francisco or Santa Clara counties in California in any dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement.

Notices Should You have any questions concerning this Agreement, or if You desire to contact Oracle for any reason, please write:

Oracle America, Inc.
500 Oracle Parkway
Redwood City, CA 94065

Oracle Employees: Under no circumstances are Oracle employees authorized to download software for the purpose of distributing it to customers. Oracle products are available to Oracle employees for internal use or demonstration purposes only. In keeping with Oracle's trade compliance obligations under U.S. and applicable multilateral law, an Oracle employee's failure to comply with this policy could result in disciplinary action up to and including termination.

Last updated: April 10, 2019

NFTC协议

2021年发布java 17后，java jdk又恢复免费使用了，但是需要遵循 Oracle No-Fee Terms and Conditions (NFTC)，这个免费条款和条件到底有啥内容呢？

条款链接如下：Oracle No-Fee Terms and Conditions (NFTC) License Agreement

Your use of this Program is governed by the No-Fee Terms and Conditions set forth below, unless you have received this Program (alone or as part of another Oracle product) under an Oracle license agreement (including but not limited to the Oracle Master Agreement), in which case your use of this Program is governed solely by such license agreement with Oracle.

Oracle No-Fee Terms and Conditions (NFTC)

Definitions

"Oracle" refers to Oracle America, Inc. "You" and "Your" refers to (a) a company or organization (each an "Entity") accessing the Programs, if use of the Programs will be on behalf of such Entity; or (b) an individual accessing the Programs, if use of the Programs will not be on behalf of an Entity. "Program(s)" refers to Oracle software provided by Oracle pursuant to the following terms and any updates, error corrections, and/or Program Documentation provided by Oracle. "Program Documentation" refers to Program user manuals and Program installation manuals, if any. If available, Program Documentation may be delivered with the Programs and/or may be accessed from www.oracle.com/documentation. "Separate Terms" refers to separate license terms that are specified in the Program Documentation, readmes or notice files and that apply to Separately Licensed Technology. "Separately Licensed Technology" refers to Oracle or third party technology that is licensed under Separate Terms and not under the terms of this license.

Separately Licensed Technology

Oracle may provide certain notices to You in Program Documentation, readmes or notice files in connection with Oracle or third party technology provided as or with the Programs. If specified in the Program Documentation, readmes or notice files, such technology will be licensed to You under Separate Terms. Your rights to use Separately Licensed Technology under Separate Terms are not restricted in any way by the terms herein. For clarity, notwithstanding the existence of a notice, third party technology that is not Separately Licensed Technology shall be deemed part of the Programs licensed to You under the terms of this license.

Source Code for Open Source Software

For software that You receive from Oracle in binary form that is licensed under an open source license that gives You the right to receive the source code for that binary, You can obtain a copy of the applicable source code from https://oss.oracle.com/sources/ or http://www.oracle.com/goto/opensourcecode. If the source code for such software was not provided to You with the binary, You can also receive a copy of the source code on physical media by submitting a written request pursuant to the instructions in the "Written Offer for Source Code" section of the latter website.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The following license terms apply to those Programs that are not provided to You under Separate Terms.

License Rights and Restrictions

Oracle grants to You, as a recipient of this Program, subject to the conditions stated herein, a nonexclusive, nontransferable, limited license to:

(a) internally use the unmodified Programs for the purposes of developing, testing, prototyping and demonstrating your applications, and running the Program for Your own personal use or internal business operations; and

(b) redistribute the unmodified Program and Program Documentation, under the terms of this License, provided that You do not charge Your licensees any fees associated with such distribution or use of the Program, including, without limitation, fees for products that include or are bundled with a copy of the Program or for services that involve the use of the distributed Program.

You may make copies of the Programs to the extent reasonably necessary for exercising the license rights granted herein and for backup purposes. You are granted the right to use the Programs to provide third party training in the use of the Programs and associated Separately Licensed Technology only if there is express authorization of such use by Oracle on the Program's download page or in the Program Documentation.

Your license is contingent on compliance with the following conditions:

- You do not remove markings or notices of either Oracle's or a licensor's proprietary rights from the Programs or Program Documentation;

- You comply with all U.S. and applicable export control and economic sanctions laws and regulations that govern Your use of the Programs (including technical data);

- You do not cause or permit reverse engineering, disassembly or decompilation of the Programs (except as allowed by law) by You nor allow an associated party to do so.

For clarity, any source code that may be included in the distribution with the Programs is provided solely for reference purposes and may not be modified, unless such source code is under Separate Terms permitting modification.

Ownership

Oracle or its licensors retain all ownership and intellectual property rights to the Programs.

Information Collection

The Programs' installation and/or auto-update processes, if any, may transmit a limited amount of data to Oracle or its service provider about those processes to help Oracle understand and optimize them. Oracle does not associate the data with personally identifiable information. Refer to Oracle's Privacy Policy at www.oracle.com/privacy.

Disclaimer of Warranties; Limitation of Liability

THE PROGRAMS ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. ORACLE FURTHER DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS AND IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NONINFRINGEMENT.

IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW WILL ORACLE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

Last updated: 12 September 2021

Oracle 免费 JDK17（over）

JAVA 17 带来的不仅仅是新功能。更快的 LTS 节奏和免费的 Oracle JDK 使其成为有史以来支持最好的现代版本。

Oracle JDK收费为人诟病，此次Oracle推出了Free Java License ：https://blogs.oracle.com/java/post/free-java-license，大致摘要:

• Oracle 正在免费提供行业领先的Oracle JDK，包括所有季度安全更新。这包括商业和生产用途。
• 新许可是“Oracle 免费条款和条件”(NFTC) 许可。此 Oracle JDK 许可证允许所有用户免费使用，甚至可以用于商业和生产用途。只要不收费，再分发是允许的。
• 开发人员和组织现在无需点击即可轻松下载、使用、共享和重新分发 Oracle JDK。
• Oracle 将从Oracle JDK 17开始提供这些免费版本和更新，并在下一个 LTS 版本之后继续提供整整一年。以前的版本不受此更改的影响。
• Oracle 将继续按照自 Java 9 以来的相同版本和时间表提供GPL下的Oracle OpenJDK 版本。

此外，Oracle 还提议将 JDK LTS 的发布周期从每三年一次改为每两年一次。如果该提案被接受，这意味着 JDK 17 之后的下一个 JDK LTS 版本将是 JDK 21，而不是 JDK 23。

https://blogs.oracle.com/java/post/free-java-license

Introducing the Free Java License
September 14, 2021 | 2 minute read

Donald Smith
Vice President of Product Management
Executive Summary

Oracle is making the industry leading Oracle JDK available for free, including all quarterly security updates.  This includes commercial and production use.
The new license is the "Oracle No-Fee Terms and Conditions" (NFTC) license.  This license for the Oracle JDK, subject to the conditions, permits free use for all users, even commercial and production use.  Redistribution is permitted as long as it is not for a fee.
Developers and organizations can now easily download, use, share and redistribute the Oracle JDK without needing a click-through.
Oracle will provide these free releases and updates starting with Oracle JDK 17 and continue for one full year after the next LTS release.  Prior versions are not affected by this change.
Oracle will continue to provide Oracle OpenJDK releases under the GPL on the same releases and schedule as it has since Java 9.
Article

In September 2017, Oracle announced plans to distribute the JDK under the GPL as “Oracle OpenJDK” and also as the Oracle JDK under an Oracle Technology Network (OTN) license.  Providing Oracle OpenJDK builds under the GPL was highly welcomed, but feedback from developers, academia and enterprises was that they wanted the trusted, rock-solid Oracle JDK under an unambiguously free terms license, too.  Oracle appreciates the feedback from the developer ecosystem and are pleased to announce that as of Java 17 we are delivering on exactly that request. 

Oracle will provide Oracle JDK LTS releases under the NFTC for at least one full year after the subsequent LTS version, giving you more flexibility on your upgrade schedules. You can still follow the six monthly JDK release cadence to benefit from faster access to new features, performance improvements and other enhancements, of course, but you now also have the time necessary to migrate from one Oracle JDK LTS to the next, if that’s the model that you prefer.

For more information about Oracle JDK Licensing, see the Oracle Java SE Licensing FAQ.

The Oracle Java SE Subscription continues to provide value-added features such as the Java Management Service, Advanced Management Console and GraalVM Enterprise at no incremental cost.  Coupled with 24x7 support (from the very developers at Oracle who develop source code for most of the Java platform used globally) and the low cost of just $25 (USD)/month/processor or $2.50(USD)/user/month, the Oracle Java SE Subscription remains a high value choice favored by thousands of organizations small and large alike.


Donald Smith
Vice President of Product Management

 不过可惜啊，JDK17的Free Java License 在今年也就是：截止2024年9月30日JDK17免费License结束。

科普文：Java基础系列之【截止2024年9月30日JDK17免费License结束】_oracle jdk17 免费 三年-CSDN博客

Oracle Java收费标准 

每个订阅收费单位是按照每个处理器每年收费的模式。数量3000及以上，每个单位是1227人民币，Oracle认为这是一个低价。数量2万以上可以联系销售获得更低折扣。(Java SE Universal Subscription | Oracle）。Java订阅的主要内容包括：JMS、AMC、GraalVM，以及7×24开发支撑等。

 Java SE Subscription is a simple, low-cost yearly subscription that includes Java SE Licensing and Support for use on Desktops, Servers or Cloud deployments. It follows a commonly used model, popular with Linux distributions. The subscription provides access to tested and certified performance, stability, and security updates for Java SE, directly from Oracle. It also includes access to My Oracle Support 24×7, support in 27 languages, Java SE 8 Desktop management, monitoring, and deployment features, among other benefits. To order quantities of 20,000 or greater, please contact an Oracle Sales Representative. ​

详细价格表：http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/pricing/price-lists/java-se-subscription-pricelist-5028356.pdf

 两种计费方式：()公司雇员人工数（员工+外包），安装oracle jdk的个人电脑和服务器的cpu核心数。

Java SE Universal Subscription 15.00 Employee for Java SE Universal Subscription 1-999 1,2,3
12.00 Employee for Java SE Universal Subscription 1,000-2,999 1,2,3
10.50 Employee for Java SE Universal Subscription 3,000-9,999 1,2,3
8.25 Employee for Java SE Universal Subscription 10,000-19,999 1,2,3
6.75 Employee for Java SE Universal Subscription 20,000-29,999 1,2,3
5.70 Employee for Java SE Universal Subscription 30,000-39,999 1,2,3
5.25 Employee for Java SE Universal Subscription 40,000-49,999 1,2,3
Contact for Details 50,000+ 1,2,3
Pricing Example ($USD):
Pricing Notes
1
The E-Business Discount Schedule does not apply.
3Contact Oracle for Pricing if Java SE Universal Subscription is installed on and/or is running on more than 50,000 Processors. For purposes of calculating the 50,000 Processor limit, desktops and laptops are
excluded.
Employee for Java SE Universal Subscription: is defined as (i) all of Your full-time, part-time, temporary employees, and (ii) all of the full-time employees, part-time employees and temporary employees of
Your agents, contractors, outsourcers, and consultants that support Your internal business operations. The quantity of the licenses required is determined by the number of Employees and not just the actual
number of employees that use the Programs. For these Java SE Universal Subscription licenses, the licensed quantity purchased must, at a minimum, be equal to the number of Employees as of the effective
date of Your order. Under this Employee metric for Java SE Universal Subscription Programs(s), You may only install and/or run the Java SE Universal Subscription Program(s) on up to 50,000 Processors, If
Your use exceeds 50,000 Processors, exclusive of Processors installed and/or running on desktop and laptop computers, You must obtain an additional license from Oracle.
Java SE Universal Products
Definitions
General Notes
Your company has a total employee count of 28,000 as detailed in the Employee for Java SE Universal Subscription definition below. This includes 23,000 full-time, part-time and temporary employees plus 5,000 agents,
contractors and consultants. Therefore, the price would be 28,000 X $USD 6.75/month X 12 months = $USD 2,268,000/year.
Processor: shall be defined as all processors where the Oracle Programs are installed and/or running. Programs licensed on a processor basis may be accessed by Your internal users (including agents and
contractors) and by Your third party users. The number of required licenses shall be determined by multiplying the total number of cores of the processor by a core processor licensing factor specified on the
Oracle Processor Core Factor Table which can be accessed at http://oracle.com/contracts. All cores on all multicore chips for each licensed Program are to be aggregated before multiplying by the appropriate
core processor licensing factor and all fractions of a number are to be rounded up to the next whole number. When licensing Oracle Programs with Standard Edition 2, Standard Edition One or Standard Edition
in the product name (with the exception of WebCenter Enterprise Capture Standard Edition, Java SE Subscription, Java SE Universal Subscription, Java SE Advanced, and Java SE Suite), a processor is
counted equivalent to an occupied socket; however, in the case of multi-chip modules, each chip in the multi-chip module is counted as one occupied socket.
For example, a multicore chip based server with an Oracle Processor Core Factor of 0.25 installed and/or running the Program (other than Standard Edition One Programs or Standard Edition Programs) on 6
cores would require 2 processor licenses (6 multiplied by a core processor licensing factor of .25 equals 1.50, which is then rounded up to the next whole number, which is 2). As another example, a multicore
server for a hardware platform not specified in the Oracle Processor Core Factor Table installed and/or running the Program on 10 cores would require 10 processor licenses (10 multiplied by a core processor
licensing factor of 1.0 for ‘All other multicore chips’ equals 10).
Oracle Java SE Universal Subscription : is defined as the right to use the specified Oracle Java SE Subscription Program(s) in accordance with the applicable metric and to receive Oracle
Software Update License & Support (limited to the specified Oracle Java SE Universal Subscription Program(s)), for the term specified on the ordering document. You may not create, modify,
or change the behavior of classes, interfaces, or subpackages that are in any way identified as "Java", "Javax", "Sun", “Oracle”, or similar convention as specified by Oracle in any naming
convention designation. Your right to use the specified Oracle Java SE Universal Subscription Program(s) for Your internal business operations includes using the Oracle Java SE Subscription
Program(s) to run Your Java applications as a cloud service, subject to the terms of the Master Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, You shall not make the Oracle Java SE Universal
Subscription Program(s) themselves available as a cloud service. The subscription term is effective upon the effective date of the subscription ordering document, unless otherwise stated in
Your ordering document. If Your order was placed through the Oracle Store, then the effective date is the date Your order was accepted by Oracle. Oracle Software Update License & Support
is provided under the Oracle Software technical support policies in effect at the time the services are provided. At the end of the specified subscription term, You may renew Your subscription, if
available, at the then current fees for the applicable subscription. If You choose not to renew Your subscription, Your right to use the specified Oracle Java SE Universal Subscription
Program(s) will terminate and You must de-install the specified Oracle Java SE Universal Subscription Program(s).
 2Java SE Universal Subscription is available only for internal business operations under an applicable enterprise license. It is not eligible und

Java用户寻求替代方案，Oracle面临挑战

根据最近的调查数据显示，超过80%的受访者表示他们正在寻求从Oracle的JDK迁移到基于OpenJDK的替代方案。

这一趋势表明，Oracle Java的许可政策变更已经对用户产生了显著影响，他们正在寻找更经济、更灵活和更开放的解决方案来满足他们的Java应用程序和基于Java的基础设施需求。

Oracle需要在平衡Java的开放性和商业收益之间找到合适的定位，以应对不断变化的市场和用户需求。

OpenJDK

OpenJDK是Java SE的开源实现, 它由SUN和Java社区提供支持, 2009年Oracle收购了Sun公司, 自此Java的维护方之一的SUN也变成了Oracle。

• OpenJDK采用GPL V2协议放出，允许商用。
• OpenJDK不能使用Java商标，在Sun被Oracle收购以后，Java这个商标就归Oracle所有了，OpenJDK执行“java -version”时显示OpenJDK，不会显示Java。
• OpenJDK不包含Deployment（部署）功能：部署的功能包括：Browser Plugin、Java Web Start、以及Java控制面板。
• OpenJDK源代码不完整，在采用GPL协议的OpenJDK中，sun jdk的一部分源代码因为产权的问题无法开放OpenJDK使用，其中最主要的部份就是JMX中的可选元件SNMP部份的代码，该部分功能可以通过插件形式补充。
• OracleOpenJDK由Oracle定期发布，但新版本发布后，不再维护旧版本。

OpenJDK是一个基于GPLv2+CE协议的开源JDK实现，他由OpenJDK社区来运作，作为OpenJDK社区的主导者，Oracle也在尽量减小OpenJDK和Oracle JDK的差别，将一些商业特性移植到了OpenJDK上，比如Java Flight Recorder,Java Mission Control和ZGC等等。对于普通开发者，两者差异可忽略不计。OpenJDK同样会每6个月发布一个新版本，不过每次新的版本发布后，旧的就不维护了，比如OpenJDK 12发布之后，11版本便停止更新，停留在11.0.2版本，没有LTS一说了。

除了Oracle的OpenJDK，还有很多免费OpenJDK实现可以用，比如 Zulu，AdoptOpenJDK，Amazon的Corretto和阿里巴巴的dragonwell等等。

大厂愿意掏钱怎么办？

可以通过订阅Java SE Subscription来付费，桌面用途每人每月2.5刀，服务器用途每个处理器每月25刀，量多还有优惠。Oracle以前还提供Java SE Advanced, Java SE Advanced Desktop和 Java SE Suite等一次性授权，不过现在都建议新老付费用户换成订阅制了。

Oracle为什么这么做：钱

当然是赚钱，OTN协议的Oracle JDK现在允许私用也只是想让开发者养成习惯，将来开发者搞公司项目的时候，非常有可能会习惯性去Oracle官网下载JDK，这样就导导致了商用项目未经许可违规使用。Oracle法务部的刀肯定老早就磨好了。