unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x31f07d30).

 

unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x31f07d30).

分类： VC 2009-05-21 20:46 692人阅读 评论(0) 收藏 举报

移植2.6.17.13到s3c2410

移植2.6.17.13到s3c2410

前一阵子移植了u-boot1.1.4之后，移植2.6.17.13走了一些弯路，采用了别人移植的2.6.14或2.6.11等方法都不成功，后来发现2.6.17比前几个版本的内核更容易。

从 www.kernel.org下载2.6.17.13.tar.bz2，解压：
#tar jxvf 2.6.17.13.tar.bz2

1、重新编译和修改u-boot
以前移植u-boot用的是arm-linux-gcc 2.95.3，到移植2.6内核的时候发现必须用gcc3.0以上的编译器，没办法只好下载了个arm-linux-gcc3.4.4 +glibc2.3.5，怕由于编译器不一致引起问题，重新编译了一次u-boot，没遇到任何错误。
2、修改内核顶层目录的Makefile，找到ARCH和CROSS_COMPILE的地方，修改为
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-
保存。
3、 修改arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/common-smdk.c
设置Nand Flash的分区和信息，下面是我的分区结构：
static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_part[] = {
[0] = {
.name = "bootloader",
.size = SZ_1M,
.offset = 0,
},
[1] = {
.name = "kernel",
.offset = SZ_1M,
.size = SZ_2M,
},如果您是在公共场合使用计算机，离开时
[2] = {
.name = "root",
.offset = SZ_1M*3,
.size = SZ_8M*5,
},
[3] = {
.name = "user",
.offset = SZ_1M*43,
.size = SZ_1M*21,
},
};
static struct s3c2410_platform_nand smdk_nand_info = {
.tacls = 0,
.twrph0 = 30,
.twrph1 = 0,
.nr_sets = ARRAY_SIZE(smdk_nand_sets),
.sets = smdk_nand_sets,
};

说明：这里2.6.17的设置分区与其他版本如2.6.14或2.6.11有点区别，其他版本是修改
arch/arm/machs3c2410/devs.c
和
arch/arm/machs3c2410/machsmdk2410.
2.6.17.13设置这些文件无效。

4、禁止Flash ECC校验
内核都是通过u-boot写数据到Nand Flash的, u-boot通过的软件ECC算法产生ECC校验码, 这与内核校验的ECC码不一样, 内核中的ECC码是由S3C2410中Nand Flash控制器产生的. 所以, 我们在这里选择禁止内核ECC校验。
修改drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c 文件，找到s3c2410_nand_init_chip()函数，在该函数体最后加上一条语句:
chip->eccmode = NAND_ECC_NONE;
保存,退出。

5、支持启动时挂载devfs
为了我们的内核支持devfs以及在启动时并在/sbin/init运行之前能自动挂载/dev为devfs文件系统，修改fs/Kconfig文件，找到
menu "Pseudo filesystems"
添加如下语句：
config DEVFS_FS
bool "/dev file system support (OBSOLETE)"
default y
config DEVFS_MOUNT
bool "Automatically mount at boot"
default y
depends on DEVFS_FS
6、使用SMDK板子的config配置内核
#cp arch/arm/configs/smdk2410_defconfig .config
#make menuconfig
在smdk2410_defconfig的基础上，增加了下面选项：
Loadable module support >

• Enable loadable module support
• Automatic kernel module loading
  System Type -->
• S3C2410 DMA support
  Boot options -->
  Default kernel command string:
  noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 mem=32M
  #说明：mtdblock2代表第3个flash分区，用来作根文件系统rootfs；
  # console=ttySAC0,115200使kernel启动期间的信息全部输出到串口0上，波特率为115200；
  # 2.6内核对于串口的命名改为ttySAC0，但这不影响用户空间的串口编程。
  # 用户空间的串口编程针对的仍是/dev/ttyS0等
  # mem=32M表示内存是32M，如果是64则设为64M
  Floating point emulation -->
• NWFPE math emulation
  #This is necessary to run most binaries!!!
  
  #接下来要做的是对内核MTD子系统的设置
  Device Drivers -->
  Memory Technology Devices (MTD) -->
• MTD partitioning support
  #支持MTD分区，这样我们在前面设置的分区才有意义
• Command line partition table parsing
  #支持从命令行设置flash分区信息，灵活
  RAM/ROM/Flash chip drivers -->
  <*> Detect flash chips by Common Flash Interface (CFI) probe
  <*> Detect nonCFI AMD/JEDECcompatible flash chips
  <*> Support for Intel/Sharp flash chips
  <*> Support for AMD/Fujitsu flash chips
  <*> Support for ROM chips in bus mapping
  NAND Flash Device Drivers -->
  <*> NAND Device Support
  <*> NAND Flash support for S3C2410/S3C2440 SoC
  Character devices -->
• Nonstandard serial port support
• S3C2410 RTC Driver
  USB Support -->
  <*> Support for Host-side USB
  MMC/SD Card Support -->
  <*> MMC Support
  <*> MMC block device driver
  #接下来做的是针对文件系统的设置，本人实验时目标板上要上的文件系统是cramfs,故做如下配置
  File systems -->
  <> Second extended fs support #去除对ext2的支持
  Pseudo filesystems -->
• /proc file system support
• Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs)
• /dev file system support (OBSOLETE)
• Automatically mount at boot (NEW)
  #这里会看到我们前先修改fs/Kconfig的成果，devfs已经被支持上了
  Miscellaneous filesystems >
  <*> Compressed ROM file system support (cramfs)
  #支持cramfs
  Network File Systems >
  <*> NFS file system support
  保存退出，产生.config文件。
  
  7、编译内核，下载到板子上
  #make zImage
  生成zImage在arch/arm/boot/目录下
  
  zImage下载到板子上之后可以直接用go来执行，但是go启动内核的话会出现下面错误：
  random2410 # tftp 30008000 2.6.17.13
  TFTP from server 192.168.1.10; our IP address is 192.168.1.110
  Filename '2.6.17.13'.
  Load address: 0x30008000
  Loading: #################################################################
  #################################################################
  #################################################################
  ########################
  done
  Bytes transferred = 1118644 (1111b4 hex)
  
  random2410 # go 30008000
  ## Starting application at 0x30008000 ...
  Uncompressing Linux.............................................................
  Error: unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x31f07d30).
  
  Available machine support:
  
  ID (hex) NAME
  000000c1 SMDK2410
  
  Please check your kernel config and/or bootloader.
  
  产生的原因是go启动内核的话，u-boot不会传machiine ID给内核，因为go只是执行普通的应用程序，不考虑到传递参数给内核的问题，没有必要在乎它。如果只是想看看go能不能启动内核的话，修改方法有两个：
  a、修改u-boot的common/cmd_boot.c的do_go()函数：
  /*#if defined(CONFIG_I386)*/ <==注释掉
  DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
  /*#endif*/ <==注释掉
  ....
  #if !defined(CONFIG_NIOS)
  
  /*******************add here*******************************/
  if(argc==2)
  rc = ((ulong (*)(int, char *[]))addr) (0, gd->bd->bi_arch_number);
  else
  /*********************add end *****************************/
  rc = ((ulong (*)(int, char *[]))addr) (--argc, &argv[1]);
  
  b、修改内核的arch/arm/kernel/head.S，直接将s3c2410的参数赋给内核
  __INIT
  .type stext, %function
  ENTRY(stext)
  /****************add here*****************/
  mov r0, #0
  mov r1, #0xc1
  ldr r2, =0x30000100
  /***************end add******************/
  msr cpsr_c, #PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | MODE_SVC @ ensure svc mode
  @ and irqs disabled
  8、用bootm启动内核
  这个方法u-boot可以将machine ID传给内核，正常启动，不过用u-boot的mkimage工具（在u-boot1.1.4/tools/目录下）将前面生成的zImage加上一个信息头（有关如何添加头的命令和使用tftp在后面讲述），之后下载到板子上，启动控制台信息如下：
  
  U-Boot 1.1.4 (Sep 20 2006 - 00:34:30)
  
  U-Boot code: 31F80000 -> 31F9628C BSS: -> 31F9A578
  RAM Configuration:
  Bank #0: 30000000 32 MB
  Flash: 512 kB
  *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
  
  In: serial
  Out: serial
  Err: serial
  random2410 # tftp 30008000 uImage2.6.17.13
  TFTP from server 192.168.1.10; our IP address is 192.168.1.110
  Filename 'uImage2.6.17.13'.
  Load address: 0x30008000
  Loading: #################################################################
  #################################################################
  #################################################################
  ########################
  done
  Bytes transferred = 1116720 (110a30 hex)
  random2410 # bootm 30008000
  ## Booting image at 30008000 ...
  Image Name: linux-2.6.17.13
  Created: 2006-09-19 17:25:57 UTC
  Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
  Data Size: 1116656 Bytes = 1.1 MB
  Load Address: 30008000
  Entry Point: 30008040
  Verifying Checksum ... OK
  XIP Kernel Image ... OK
  
  Starting kernel ...
  
  cleanup before linux...
  enter the Kerne....address is 30008040
  transfer params to linux kernel:
  machine ID: r1=c1, boot params addr: r2=30000100
  enter decompress_kernel...
  finished to arch_decomp_setup
  Uncompressing Linux......................................................................... done, booting the kernel.
  Linux version 2.6.17.13 (xzs@xzs-pc) (gcc version 3.4.4) #7 Wed Sep 20 01:23:13 CST 2006
  CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T)
  Machine: SMDK2410
  Warning: bad configuration page, trying to continue
  Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
  CPU S3C2410A (id 0x32410002)
  S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHz
  S3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
  CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
  CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
  CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
  CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
  Built 1 zonelists
  Kernel command line: noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 mem=32M
  irq: clearing pending ext status 00000200
  irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
  PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes)
  timer tcon=00500000, tcnt a509, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001e4c
  Console: colour dummy device 80x30
  Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
  Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
  Memory: 32MB = 32MB total
  Memory: 30080KB available (1856K code, 404K data, 92K init)
  Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
  CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
  NET: Registered protocol family 16
  S3C2410: Initialising architecture
  usbcore: registered new driver usbfs
  usbcore: registered new driver hub
  NET: Registered protocol family 2
  IP route cache hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes)
  TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
  TCP bind hash table entries: 512 (order: -1, 2048 bytes)
  TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 512)
  TCP reno registered
  S3C2410 DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004 Simtec Electronics
  DMA channel 0 at c2800000, irq 33
  DMA channel 1 at c2800040, irq 34
  DMA channel 2 at c2800080, irq 35
  DMA channel 3 at c28000c0, irq 36
  NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
  JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (C) 2001-2003 Red Hat, Inc.
  io scheduler noop registered
  io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
  io scheduler deadline registered
  io scheduler cfq registered
  Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x25
  fb0: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memory
  S3C2410 RTC, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
  s3c2410-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410
  s3c2410-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410
  s3c2410-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410
  RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
  S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
  s3c2410-nand: Tacls=1, 9ns Twrph0=4 39ns, Twrph1=1 9ns
  NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
  NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!
  Scanning device for bad blocks
  Bad eraseblock 629 at 0x009d4000
  Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
  0x00000000-0x00100000 : "bootloader"
  mtd: Giving out device 0 to bootloader
  0x00100000-0x00300000 : "kernel"
  mtd: Giving out device 1 to kernel
  0x00300000-0x02b00000 : "root"
  mtd: Giving out device 2 to root
  0x02b00000-0x04000000 : "user"
  mtd: Giving out device 3 to user
  usbmon: debugfs is not available
  mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
  ts: Compaq touchscreen protocol output
  TCP bic registered
  NET: Registered protocol family 1
  Reading data from NAND FLASH without ECC is not recommended
  No filesystem could mount root, tried: cramfs romfs
  Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(31,2)
  
  这里因为我没有添加任何应用程序和文件系统，所以出错，不影响内核已经成功移植。
  
  9、使用mkimage给zImage添加信息头
  mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 30008000 -e 30008040 -n linux-2.6.17.13 -d zImage uImage2.6.17.13
  -A arm -------- 架构是arm
  -O linux -------- 操作系统是linux
  -T kernel -------- 类型是kernel
  -C none -------- 压缩类型为无压缩
  -a 30008000 ---- image的载入地址(hex)
  -e 30008040 ---- 内核的入口地址(hex)，因为信息头的大小是0x40
  -n linux-2.6.17.13 --- image的名字
  -d zImage ---- 无头信息的image文件名
  uImage2.6.17.13 ---- 加了头信息之后的image文件名
  
  10、使用tftp下载内核
  a、安装atftpd
  我现在用的linux是ubuntu6.06，安装了atftpd，没安装的话使用
  #sudo apt-get install atftpd
  安装。
  b、接着建立/tftp目录，并设置所有人都有读写运行权限：
  #sudo mkdir /tftp
  #sudo chmod 777 tftp
  
  c、启动tftp服务：
  #sudo atftpd --daemon --user xzs --group root /tftp
  
  d、将zImage和uImage2.6.17.13复制到/tftp目录下
  
  e、启动minicom，复位板子，在minicom下输入
  tftp 30008000 uImage2.6.17.13
  如果已经板子和PC机已经通过网线连接，IP也正确，则会出现一下信息：
  TFTP from server 192.168.1.10; our IP address is 192.168.1.110
  Filename 'uImage2.6.17.13'.
  Load address: 0x30008000
  Loading: #################################################################
  #################################################################
  #################################################################
  ########################
  done
  Bytes transferred = 1116720 (110a30 hex)