用 Qt 读取 XML 文件的方法

原文：https://blog.csdn.net/liyuanbhu/article/details/44062479

XML 是可扩展标记语言（Extensible Markup Language）的缩写。XML 文件由内容和标记组成，通过以标记包围内容的方式将大部分内容包含在元素中。

Qt 中提供了多种读取XML文件的方法，这里简单的记录一下用 QDomDocument 读取的步骤。为什么使用QDomDocument 呢，因为XML 本身就是一以树状结构组织数据的，而DOM 也是将数据组织为树状结构，最适合直观地展示XML数据。

下面的代码是Qt 帮助文件中自带的例子代码：

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       QDomDocument doc("mydocument");
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       QFile file("mydocument.xml");
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       if (!file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly))
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       return;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       if (!doc.setContent(&file))
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           file.close();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       return;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       file.close();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       // print out the element names of all elements that are direct children
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       // of the outermost element.
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       QDomElement docElem = doc.documentElement();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       QDomNode n = docElem.firstChild();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       while (!n.isNull())
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           QDomElement e = n.toElement(); 
       
       // try to convert the node to an element.
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       if (!e.isNull())    
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       	{
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
        
       
       cout << qPrintable(e.tagName()) << 
       
       endl; 
       
       // the node really is an element.
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           n = n.nextSibling();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     
   
   

如果xml有多层，那么可以递归的去读取。我写了小程序将xml 的的数据读入到一个树型列表控件中。下面是核心的代码：

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       #ifndef DIALOG_H
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       #define DIALOG_H
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       #include <QtXml>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       #include <QDialog>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       namespace Ui {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       class Dialog;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       class QTreeWidgetItem;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       class Dialog : 
       
       public QDialog
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           Q_OBJECT
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       public:
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       explicit Dialog(QWidget *parent = 0);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       void listDom(QDomElement& docElem, QTreeWidgetItem* pItem);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       void openXML(QString fileName);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           ~Dialog();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       private:
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           Ui::Dialog *ui;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       private slots:
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       void openFile();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       };
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       #endif // DIALOG_H
      
      
     
     
   
   

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       #include "dialog.h"
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       #include "ui_dialog.h"
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       #include <QFileDialog>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       Dialog::Dialog(QWidget *parent) :
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           QDialog(parent),
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           ui(
       
       new Ui::Dialog)
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           ui->setupUi(
       
       this);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           connect(ui->pushButtonOpen, SIGNAL(clicked()), 
       
       this, SLOT(openFile()));
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           ui->treeWidget->setColumnCount(
       
       2);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           ui->treeWidget->setColumnWidth(
       
       0, 
       
       400);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           setWindowFlags(Qt::Dialog | Qt::WindowMaximizeButtonHint | Qt::WindowMinimizeButtonHint);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           showMaximized();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       void Dialog::openXML(QString fileName)
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       QFile file(fileName);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       if(file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly))
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
        
       
       QDomDocument dom("WCM");
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
        
       
       if (dom.setContent(&file))
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
               {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   ui->treeWidget->clear();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   QDomElement docElem = dom.documentElement();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   listDom(docElem, 
       
       NULL);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
               }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           file.close();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       void Dialog::openFile()
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           QString fileName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(
       
       this, tr(
       
       "Open XML File"), 
       
       "c:/", tr(
       
       "XML Files (*.xml)"));
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       if(!fileName.isEmpty())
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
               openXML( fileName );
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       Dialog::~Dialog()
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       delete ui;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       void Dialog::listDom(QDomElement& docElem, QTreeWidgetItem * pItem)
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           QDomNode node = docElem.firstChild();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       if(node.toElement().isNull())
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
               pItem->setText (
       
       1, docElem.text());
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       while(!node.isNull())
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
               QDomElement element = node.toElement(); 
       
       // try to convert the node to an element.
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
        
       
       if( !element.isNull() )
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
               {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   QTreeWidgetItem *item;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
            
       
       if( pItem )
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                       item = 
       
       new QTreeWidgetItem(pItem);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
            
       
       else
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                       item = 
       
       new QTreeWidgetItem(ui->treeWidget);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   item->setText(
       
       0, element.tagName());
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   listDom(element, item);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
            
       
       if( pItem )
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                       pItem->addChild(item);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
            
       
       else
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                       ui->treeWidget->addTopLevelItem(item);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
                   }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
               }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
               node = node.nextSibling();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       return;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     
   
   

下面是个测试 xml 文件：

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       <recipe type="dessert">
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
	
       
       <recipename cuisine="american" servings="1">Ice Cream Sundae
       
       </recipename>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
	
       
       <ingredlist>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <quantity units="cups">0.5
       
       </quantity>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <itemdescription>vanilla ice cream
       
       </itemdescription>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       </listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <quantity units="tablespoons">3
       
       </quantity>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <itemdescription>chocolate syrup or chocolate fudge
       
       </itemdescription>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       </listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <quantity units="tablespoons">1
       
       </quantity>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <itemdescription>nuts
       
       </itemdescription>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       </listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <quantity units="each">1
       
       </quantity>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <itemdescription>cherry
       
       </itemdescription>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       </listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
	
       
       </ingredlist>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
	
       
       <utensils>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <quantity units="each">1
       
       </quantity>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <utensilname>bowl
       
       </utensilname>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       </listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <quantity units="each">1
       
       </quantity>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <utensilname>spoons
       
       </utensilname>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       </listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <quantity units="each">1
       
       </quantity>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
			
       
       <utensilname>ice cream scoop
       
       </utensilname>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       </listitem>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
	
       
       </utensils>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
	
       
       <directions>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <step>Using ice cream scoop, place vanilla ice cream into bowl.
       
       </step>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <step>Drizzle chocolate syrup or chocolate fudge over the ice cream.
       
       </step>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <step>Sprinkle nuts over the mound of chocolate and ice cream.
       
       </step>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <step>Place cherry on top of mound with stem pointing upward.
       
       </step>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <step>Serve.
       
       </step>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
	
       
       </directions>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
	
       
       <variations>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <option>Replace nuts with raisins.
       
       </option>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
		
       
       <option>Use chocolate ice cream instead of vanilla ice cream.
       
       </option>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
	
       
       </variations>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
	
       
       <preptime>5 minutes
       
       </preptime>
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       </recipe>
      
      
     
     
   
   

下面是软件界面：