数据共享
父子组件
父组件
// 渲染子组件 传递 数据 id ; 方法 getId
<MenuList id={'111'} getId={(id)=> {this.getId(id)}}></MenuList>
getId(id) {
console.log('子组件传过来的id', id);// '666'
}
子组件
componentDidMount(){
// 输出父组件参数id
console.log('this.props.id', this.props.id); // '111'
// 调用父组件方法 将 '666' 传递给父组件
this.props.getId('666')
}
兄弟组件
利用发布-订阅插件
npm i pubsub-js -S
组件1:
import PubSub from 'pubsub-js';
// 订阅消息
PubSub.subscribe('to-search', (name,data) => {
console.log(`订阅到的消息${name}`, data); // name: to-search data:' 触发消息'
});
组件2:
// 发布消息
PubSub.publish('to-search', '触发消息');
多个无关系组件
redux 配合react的使用
目录结构
index.js文件
import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
import App from './App'
import store from './redux/store'
ReactDOM.render(<App/>,document.getElementById('root'))
store.subscribe(()=>{
ReactDOM.render(<App/>,document.getElementById('root'))
})
App.jsx文件
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import Count from './components/Count'
export default class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<Count/>
</div>
)
}
}
/redux/store.js
/*
该文件专门用于暴露一个store对象,整个应用只有一个store对象
*/
//引入createStore,专门用于创建redux中最为核心的store对象
import {createStore,applyMiddleware} from 'redux'
//引入为Count组件服务的reducer
import countReducer from './count_reducer'
//引入redux-thunk,用于支持异步action
import thunk from 'redux-thunk'
//暴露store
export default createStore(countReducer,applyMiddleware(thunk))
/redux/count_reducer.js
/*
1.该文件是用于创建一个为Count组件服务的reducer,reducer的本质就是一个函数
2.reducer函数会接到两个参数,分别为:之前的状态(preState),动作对象(action)
*/
import {INCREMENT,DECREMENT} from './constant'
const initState = 0 //初始化状态
export default function countReducer(preState=initState,action){
// console.log(preState);
//从action对象中获取:type、data
const {type,data} = action
//根据type决定如何加工数据
switch (type) {
case INCREMENT: //如果是加
return preState + data
case DECREMENT: //若果是减
return preState - data
default:
return preState
}
}
/redux/count_action.js
/*
该文件专门为Count组件生成action对象
*/
import {INCREMENT,DECREMENT} from './constant'
//同步action,就是指action的值为Object类型的一般对象
export const createIncrementAction = data => ({type:INCREMENT,data})
export const createDecrementAction = data => ({type:DECREMENT,data})
//异步action,就是指action的值为函数,异步action中一般都会调用同步action,异步action不是必须要用的。
export const createIncrementAsyncAction = (data,time) => {
return (dispatch)=>{
setTimeout(()=>{
dispatch(createIncrementAction(data))
},time)
}
}
/redux/constant.js
/*
该模块是用于定义action对象中type类型的常量值,目的只有一个:便于管理的同时防止程序员单词写错
*/
export const INCREMENT = 'increment'
export const DECREMENT = 'decrement'
/components/count
import React, { Component } from 'react'
//引入store,用于获取redux中保存状态
import store from '../../redux/store'
//引入actionCreator,专门用于创建action对象
import {
createIncrementAction,
createDecrementAction,
createIncrementAsyncAction
} from '../../redux/count_action'
export default class Count extends Component {
state = {carName:'奔驰c63'}
/* componentDidMount(){
//检测redux中状态的变化,只要变化,就调用render
store.subscribe(()=>{
this.setState({})
})
} */
//加法
increment = ()=>{
const {value} = this.selectNumber
store.dispatch(createIncrementAction(value*1))
}
//减法
decrement = ()=>{
const {value} = this.selectNumber
store.dispatch(createDecrementAction(value*1))
}
//奇数再加
incrementIfOdd = ()=>{
const {value} = this.selectNumber
const count = store.getState()
if(count % 2 !== 0){
store.dispatch(createIncrementAction(value*1))
}
}
//异步加
incrementAsync = ()=>{
const {value} = this.selectNumber
// setTimeout(()=>{
store.dispatch(createIncrementAsyncAction(value*1,500))
// },500)
}
render() {
return (
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{store.getState()}</h1>
<select ref={c => this.selectNumber = c}>
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button onClick={this.increment}>+</button>
<button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button>
<button onClick={this.incrementIfOdd}>当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>异步加</button>
</div>
)
}
}
redux , react-redux配合react的使用
基本使用
在上面redux的使用的基础上修改 App.jsx及count组件
App.jsx
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import Count from './containers/Count'
import store from './redux/store'
export default class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
{/* 给容器组件传递store */}
<Count store={store} />
</div>
)
}
}
count组件
//引入Count的UI组件
import CountUI from '../../components/Count'
//引入action
import {
createIncrementAction,
createDecrementAction,
createIncrementAsyncAction
} from '../../redux/count_action'
//引入connect用于连接UI组件与redux
import {connect} from 'react-redux'
/*
1.mapStateToProps函数返回的是一个对象;
2.返回的对象中的key就作为传递给UI组件props的key,value就作为传递给UI组件props的value
3.mapStateToProps用于传递状态
*/
function mapStateToProps(state){
return {count:state}
}
/*
1.mapDispatchToProps函数返回的是一个对象;
2.返回的对象中的key就作为传递给UI组件props的key,value就作为传递给UI组件props的value
3.mapDispatchToProps用于传递操作状态的方法
*/
function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch){
return {
jia:number => dispatch(createIncrementAction(number)),
jian:number => dispatch(createDecrementAction(number)),
jiaAsync:(number,time) => dispatch(createIncrementAsyncAction(number,time)),
}
}
//使用connect()()创建并暴露一个Count的容器组件
export default connect(mapStateToProps,mapDispatchToProps)(CountUI)
深入使用
目录结构
index.js文件
import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
import App from './App'
// 全局唯一store
import store from './redux/store'
// Provider 将store提供给所有组件访问
import {Provider} from 'react-redux'
ReactDOM.render(
<Provider store={store}>
<App/>
</Provider>,
document.getElementById('root')
)
App.jsx
组件渲染
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import Count from './containers/Count'
import Person from './containers/Person'
export default class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
<Count/>
<hr/>
<Person/>
</div>
)
}
}
/redux/store.js
/*
该文件专门用于暴露一个store对象,整个应用只有一个store对象
*/
//引入createStore,专门用于创建redux中最为核心的store对象
import {createStore,applyMiddleware} from 'redux'
//引入汇总之后的reducer
import reducer from './reducers'
//引入redux-thunk,用于支持异步action
import thunk from 'redux-thunk'
//引入redux-devtools-extension
import {composeWithDevTools} from 'redux-devtools-extension'
//暴露store
export default createStore(reducer,composeWithDevTools(applyMiddleware(thunk)))
/redux/constant.js
/*
该模块是用于定义action对象中type类型的常量值,目的只有一个:便于管理的同时防止程序员单词写错
*/
export const INCREMENT = 'increment'
export const DECREMENT = 'decrement'
export const ADD_PERSON = 'add_person'
/redux/reducers/index.js
/*
该文件用于汇总所有的reducer为一个总的reducer
*/
//引入combineReducers,用于汇总多个reducer
import {combineReducers} from 'redux'
//引入为Count组件服务的reducer
import count from './count'
//引入为Person组件服务的reducer
import persons from './person'
//汇总所有的reducer变为一个总的reducer
export default combineReducers({
he:count,
rens:persons
})
/redux/reducers/count.js
/*
1.该文件是用于创建一个为Count组件服务的reducer,reducer的本质就是一个函数
2.reducer函数会接到两个参数,分别为:之前的状态(preState),动作对象(action)
*/
import {INCREMENT,DECREMENT} from '../constant'
const initState = 0 //初始化状态
export default function countReducer(preState=initState,action){
// console.log('countReducer@#@#@#');
//从action对象中获取:type、data
const {type,data} = action
//根据type决定如何加工数据
switch (type) {
case INCREMENT: //如果是加
return preState + data
case DECREMENT: //若果是减
return preState - data
default:
return preState
}
}
/redux/reducers/person.js
import {ADD_PERSON} from '../constant'
//初始化人的列表
const initState = [{id:'001',name:'tom',age:18}]
export default function personReducer(preState=initState,action){
// console.log('personReducer@#@#@#');
const {type,data} = action
switch (type) {
case ADD_PERSON: //若是添加一个人
return [data,...preState]
default:
return preState
}
}
/redux/actions/count.js
/*
该文件专门为Count组件生成action对象
*/
import {INCREMENT,DECREMENT} from '../constant'
//同步action,就是指action的值为Object类型的一般对象
export const createIncrementAction = data => ({type:INCREMENT,data})
export const createDecrementAction = data => ({type:DECREMENT,data})
//异步action,就是指action的值为函数,异步action中一般都会调用同步action,异步action不是必须要用的。
export const createIncrementAsyncAction = (data,time) => {
return (dispatch)=>{
setTimeout(()=>{
dispatch(createIncrementAction(data))
},time)
}
}
/redux/actions/person.js
import {ADD_PERSON} from '../constant'
//创建增加一个人的action动作对象
export const createAddPersonAction = personObj => ({type:ADD_PERSON,data:personObj})
/containers/count/index.jsx
import React, { Component } from 'react'
//引入action
import {
createIncrementAction,
createDecrementAction,
createIncrementAsyncAction
} from '../../redux/actions/count'
//引入connect用于连接UI组件与redux
import {connect} from 'react-redux'
//定义UI组件
class Count extends Component {
state = {carName:'奔驰c63'}
//加法
increment = ()=>{
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.jia(value*1)
}
//减法
decrement = ()=>{
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.jian(value*1)
}
//奇数再加
incrementIfOdd = ()=>{
const {value} = this.selectNumber
if(this.props.count % 2 !== 0){
this.props.jia(value*1)
}
}
//异步加
incrementAsync = ()=>{
const {value} = this.selectNumber
this.props.jiaAsync(value*1,500)
}
render() {
//console.log('UI组件接收到的props是',this.props);
return (
<div>
<h2>我是Count组件,下方组件总人数为:{this.props.renshu}</h2>
<h4>当前求和为:{this.props.count}</h4>
<select ref={c => this.selectNumber = c}>
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button onClick={this.increment}>+</button>
<button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button>
<button onClick={this.incrementIfOdd}>当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>异步加</button>
</div>
)
}
}
//使用connect()()创建并暴露一个Count的容器组件
export default connect(
state => ({
count: state.he,
renshu:state.rens.length
}),
{
jia:createIncrementAction,
jian:createDecrementAction,
jiaAsync:createIncrementAsyncAction,
}
)(Count)
/containers/person/index.jsx
import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {nanoid} from 'nanoid'
import {connect} from 'react-redux'
import {createAddPersonAction} from '../../redux/actions/person'
class Person extends Component {
addPerson = ()=>{
const name = this.nameNode.value
const age = this.ageNode.value
const personObj = {id:nanoid(),name,age}
this.props.jiaYiRen(personObj)
this.nameNode.value = ''
this.ageNode.value = ''
}
render() {
return (
<div>
<h2>我是Person组件,上方组件求和为{this.props.he}</h2>
<input ref={c=>this.nameNode = c} type="text" placeholder="输入名字"/>
<input ref={c=>this.ageNode = c} type="text" placeholder="输入年龄"/>
<button onClick={this.addPerson}>添加</button>
<ul>
{
this.props.yiduiren.map((p)=>{
return <li key={p.id}>{p.name}--{p.age}</li>
})
}
</ul>
</div>
)
}
}
export default connect(
state => ({yiduiren:state.rens,he:state.he}),//映射状态
{jiaYiRen:createAddPersonAction}//映射操作状态的方法
)(Person)