react入门笔记之数据共享

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数据共享

父子组件

父组件
// 渲染子组件 传递 数据 id ; 方法 getId
<MenuList  id={'111'} getId={(id)=> {this.getId(id)}}></MenuList>
getId(id) {
    console.log('子组件传过来的id', id);// '666'
}
  子组件
  componentDidMount(){
    // 输出父组件参数id
    console.log('this.props.id', this.props.id); // '111'
    // 调用父组件方法 将 '666' 传递给父组件
    this.props.getId('666')
  }

兄弟组件

利用发布-订阅插件

npm i pubsub-js -S
组件1:
import PubSub from 'pubsub-js';
  // 订阅消息
  PubSub.subscribe('to-search', (name,data) => {
        console.log(`订阅到的消息${name}`, data); // name: to-search data:' 触发消息'
 });
 组件2: 
 // 发布消息
  PubSub.publish('to-search', '触发消息');

多个无关系组件

redux 配合react的使用

目录结构
在这里插入图片描述
index.js文件

	import React from 'react'
	import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
	import App from './App'
	import store from './redux/store'
	ReactDOM.render(<App/>,document.getElementById('root'))
	store.subscribe(()=>{
		ReactDOM.render(<App/>,document.getElementById('root'))
	})

App.jsx文件

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import Count from './components/Count'
export default class App extends Component {
	render() {
		return (
			<div>
				<Count/>
			</div>
		)
	}
}

/redux/store.js

/* 
	该文件专门用于暴露一个store对象,整个应用只有一个store对象
*/
//引入createStore,专门用于创建redux中最为核心的store对象
import {createStore,applyMiddleware} from 'redux'
//引入为Count组件服务的reducer
import countReducer from './count_reducer'
//引入redux-thunk,用于支持异步action
import thunk from 'redux-thunk'
//暴露store
export default createStore(countReducer,applyMiddleware(thunk))

/redux/count_reducer.js

/* 
	1.该文件是用于创建一个为Count组件服务的reducer,reducer的本质就是一个函数
	2.reducer函数会接到两个参数,分别为:之前的状态(preState),动作对象(action)
*/
import {INCREMENT,DECREMENT} from './constant'
const initState = 0 //初始化状态
export default function countReducer(preState=initState,action){
	// console.log(preState);
	//从action对象中获取:type、data
	const {type,data} = action
	//根据type决定如何加工数据
	switch (type) {
		case INCREMENT: //如果是加
			return preState + data
		case DECREMENT: //若果是减
			return preState - data
		default:
			return preState
	}
}

/redux/count_action.js

/* 
	该文件专门为Count组件生成action对象
*/
import {INCREMENT,DECREMENT} from './constant'

//同步action,就是指action的值为Object类型的一般对象
export const createIncrementAction = data => ({type:INCREMENT,data})
export const createDecrementAction = data => ({type:DECREMENT,data})
//异步action,就是指action的值为函数,异步action中一般都会调用同步action,异步action不是必须要用的。
export const createIncrementAsyncAction = (data,time) => {
	return (dispatch)=>{
		setTimeout(()=>{
			dispatch(createIncrementAction(data))
		},time)
	}
}

/redux/constant.js

/* 
	该模块是用于定义action对象中type类型的常量值,目的只有一个:便于管理的同时防止程序员单词写错
*/
export const INCREMENT = 'increment'
export const DECREMENT = 'decrement'

/components/count

import React, { Component } from 'react'
//引入store,用于获取redux中保存状态
import store from '../../redux/store'
//引入actionCreator,专门用于创建action对象
import {
	createIncrementAction,
	createDecrementAction,
	createIncrementAsyncAction
} from '../../redux/count_action'

export default class Count extends Component {

	state = {carName:'奔驰c63'}

	/* componentDidMount(){
		//检测redux中状态的变化,只要变化,就调用render
		store.subscribe(()=>{
			this.setState({})
		})
	} */

	//加法
	increment = ()=>{
		const {value} = this.selectNumber
		store.dispatch(createIncrementAction(value*1))
	}
	//减法
	decrement = ()=>{
		const {value} = this.selectNumber
		store.dispatch(createDecrementAction(value*1))
	}
	//奇数再加
	incrementIfOdd = ()=>{
		const {value} = this.selectNumber
		const count = store.getState()
		if(count % 2 !== 0){
			store.dispatch(createIncrementAction(value*1))
		}
	}
	//异步加
	incrementAsync = ()=>{
		const {value} = this.selectNumber
		// setTimeout(()=>{
			store.dispatch(createIncrementAsyncAction(value*1,500))
		// },500)
	}

	render() {
		return (
			<div>
				<h1>当前求和为:{store.getState()}</h1>
				<select ref={c => this.selectNumber = c}>
					<option value="1">1</option>
					<option value="2">2</option>
					<option value="3">3</option>
				</select>&nbsp;
				<button onClick={this.increment}>+</button>&nbsp;
				<button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button>&nbsp;
				<button onClick={this.incrementIfOdd}>当前求和为奇数再加</button>&nbsp;
				<button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>异步加</button>&nbsp;
			</div>
		)
	}
}

redux , react-redux配合react的使用
基本使用

在上面redux的使用的基础上修改 App.jsx及count组件
App.jsx

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import Count from './containers/Count'
import store from './redux/store'
export default class App extends Component {
   render() {
   	return (
   		<div>
   			{/* 给容器组件传递store */}
   			<Count store={store} />
   		</div>
   	)
   }
}

count组件

//引入Count的UI组件
import CountUI from '../../components/Count'
//引入action
import {
   createIncrementAction,
   createDecrementAction,
   createIncrementAsyncAction
} from '../../redux/count_action'

//引入connect用于连接UI组件与redux
import {connect} from 'react-redux'
/* 
   1.mapStateToProps函数返回的是一个对象;
   2.返回的对象中的key就作为传递给UI组件props的key,value就作为传递给UI组件props的value
   3.mapStateToProps用于传递状态
*/
function mapStateToProps(state){
   return {count:state}
}
/* 
   1.mapDispatchToProps函数返回的是一个对象;
   2.返回的对象中的key就作为传递给UI组件props的key,value就作为传递给UI组件props的value
   3.mapDispatchToProps用于传递操作状态的方法
*/
function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch){
   return {
   	jia:number => dispatch(createIncrementAction(number)),
   	jian:number => dispatch(createDecrementAction(number)),
   	jiaAsync:(number,time) => dispatch(createIncrementAsyncAction(number,time)),
   }
}
//使用connect()()创建并暴露一个Count的容器组件
export default connect(mapStateToProps,mapDispatchToProps)(CountUI)

深入使用

目录结构

在这里插入图片描述


index.js文件

import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
import App from './App'
// 全局唯一store
import store from './redux/store'
// Provider 将store提供给所有组件访问
import {Provider} from 'react-redux'

ReactDOM.render(
	<Provider store={store}>
		<App/>
	</Provider>,
	document.getElementById('root')
)

App.jsx
组件渲染

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import Count from './containers/Count'
import Person from './containers/Person'

export default class App extends Component {
	render() {
		return (
			<div>
				<Count/>
				<hr/>
				<Person/>
			</div>
		)
	}
}

/redux/store.js

/* 
	该文件专门用于暴露一个store对象,整个应用只有一个store对象
*/

//引入createStore,专门用于创建redux中最为核心的store对象
import {createStore,applyMiddleware} from 'redux'
//引入汇总之后的reducer
import reducer from './reducers'
//引入redux-thunk,用于支持异步action
import thunk from 'redux-thunk'
//引入redux-devtools-extension
import {composeWithDevTools} from 'redux-devtools-extension'

//暴露store 
export default createStore(reducer,composeWithDevTools(applyMiddleware(thunk)))

/redux/constant.js

/* 
	该模块是用于定义action对象中type类型的常量值,目的只有一个:便于管理的同时防止程序员单词写错
*/
export const INCREMENT = 'increment'
export const DECREMENT = 'decrement'
export const ADD_PERSON = 'add_person'

/redux/reducers/index.js

/* 
	该文件用于汇总所有的reducer为一个总的reducer
*/
//引入combineReducers,用于汇总多个reducer
import {combineReducers} from 'redux'
//引入为Count组件服务的reducer
import count from './count'
//引入为Person组件服务的reducer
import persons from './person'

//汇总所有的reducer变为一个总的reducer
export default  combineReducers({
	he:count,
	rens:persons
})

/redux/reducers/count.js

/* 
	1.该文件是用于创建一个为Count组件服务的reducer,reducer的本质就是一个函数
	2.reducer函数会接到两个参数,分别为:之前的状态(preState),动作对象(action)
*/
import {INCREMENT,DECREMENT} from '../constant'

const initState = 0 //初始化状态
export default function countReducer(preState=initState,action){
	// console.log('countReducer@#@#@#');
	//从action对象中获取:type、data
	const {type,data} = action
	//根据type决定如何加工数据
	switch (type) {
		case INCREMENT: //如果是加
			return preState + data
		case DECREMENT: //若果是减
			return preState - data
		default:
			return preState
	}
}

/redux/reducers/person.js

import {ADD_PERSON} from '../constant'

//初始化人的列表
const initState = [{id:'001',name:'tom',age:18}]

export default function personReducer(preState=initState,action){
	// console.log('personReducer@#@#@#');
	const {type,data} = action
	switch (type) {
		case ADD_PERSON: //若是添加一个人
			return [data,...preState]
		default:
			return preState
	}
}

/redux/actions/count.js

/* 
	该文件专门为Count组件生成action对象
*/
import {INCREMENT,DECREMENT} from '../constant'

//同步action,就是指action的值为Object类型的一般对象
export const createIncrementAction = data => ({type:INCREMENT,data})
export const createDecrementAction = data => ({type:DECREMENT,data})

//异步action,就是指action的值为函数,异步action中一般都会调用同步action,异步action不是必须要用的。
export const createIncrementAsyncAction = (data,time) => {
	return (dispatch)=>{
		setTimeout(()=>{
			dispatch(createIncrementAction(data))
		},time)
	}
}

/redux/actions/person.js

import {ADD_PERSON} from '../constant'

//创建增加一个人的action动作对象
export const createAddPersonAction = personObj => ({type:ADD_PERSON,data:personObj})

/containers/count/index.jsx

import React, { Component } from 'react'
//引入action
import {
	createIncrementAction,
	createDecrementAction,
	createIncrementAsyncAction
} from '../../redux/actions/count'
//引入connect用于连接UI组件与redux
import {connect} from 'react-redux'

//定义UI组件
class Count extends Component {

	state = {carName:'奔驰c63'}

	//加法
	increment = ()=>{
		const {value} = this.selectNumber
		this.props.jia(value*1)
	}
	//减法
	decrement = ()=>{
		const {value} = this.selectNumber
		this.props.jian(value*1)
	}
	//奇数再加
	incrementIfOdd = ()=>{
		const {value} = this.selectNumber
		if(this.props.count % 2 !== 0){
			this.props.jia(value*1)
		}
	}
	//异步加
	incrementAsync = ()=>{
		const {value} = this.selectNumber
		this.props.jiaAsync(value*1,500)
	}

	render() {
		//console.log('UI组件接收到的props是',this.props);
		return (
			<div>
				<h2>我是Count组件,下方组件总人数为:{this.props.renshu}</h2>
				<h4>当前求和为:{this.props.count}</h4>
				<select ref={c => this.selectNumber = c}>
					<option value="1">1</option>
					<option value="2">2</option>
					<option value="3">3</option>
				</select>&nbsp;
				<button onClick={this.increment}>+</button>&nbsp;
				<button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button>&nbsp;
				<button onClick={this.incrementIfOdd}>当前求和为奇数再加</button>&nbsp;
				<button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>异步加</button>&nbsp;
			</div>
		)
	}
}

//使用connect()()创建并暴露一个Count的容器组件
export default connect(
	state => ({
		count: state.he,
		renshu:state.rens.length
	}),
	{
		jia:createIncrementAction,
		jian:createDecrementAction,
		jiaAsync:createIncrementAsyncAction,
	}
)(Count)

/containers/person/index.jsx

import React, { Component } from 'react'
import {nanoid} from 'nanoid'
import {connect} from 'react-redux'
import {createAddPersonAction} from '../../redux/actions/person'

class Person extends Component {

	addPerson = ()=>{
		const name = this.nameNode.value
		const age = this.ageNode.value
		const personObj = {id:nanoid(),name,age}
		this.props.jiaYiRen(personObj)
		this.nameNode.value = ''
		this.ageNode.value = ''
	}

	render() {
		return (
			<div>
				<h2>我是Person组件,上方组件求和为{this.props.he}</h2>
				<input ref={c=>this.nameNode = c} type="text" placeholder="输入名字"/>
				<input ref={c=>this.ageNode = c} type="text" placeholder="输入年龄"/>
				<button onClick={this.addPerson}>添加</button>
				<ul>
					{
						this.props.yiduiren.map((p)=>{
							return <li key={p.id}>{p.name}--{p.age}</li>
						})
					}
				</ul>
			</div>
		)
	}
}
export default connect(
	state => ({yiduiren:state.rens,he:state.he}),//映射状态
	{jiaYiRen:createAddPersonAction}//映射操作状态的方法
)(Person)
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