前面测试过python-memcached客户端通过thread local实现是有问题，我修改了一下去掉thread local模式，通过连接池的方式实现，使用和之前的方式完全一致
源代码：
import memcache
import memcache2
import threading
mc = memcache2.Client(['127.0.0.1:11211'])
class TestThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self,redis_cache):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.mc = mc
def run(self):
while True:
obj = self.mc.get("123")
if not obj:
self.mc.set("123","1234567890",60)
print self.getName()+'set'
#print self.redis_cache.connection_pool._created_connections
for i in xrange(8):
t = TestThread(mc)
t.start()
#mc.set("abc1","100",3600)
#mc.set("abc2","100",3600)
#mc.set_multi({'key1' : 'val1', 'key2' : 'val2'},3600)
#for i in xrange(1000):
# mc.incr("abc1")
# mc.incr("abc1")
# mc.decr("abc1")
#print mc.get("abc")
#print mc.get_multi(["key1","key2"])
#mc.delete_multi(["key2"])
#mc.flush_all()
源代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
client module for memcached (memory cache daemon)
Overview
========
See U{the MemCached homepage<http://www.danga.com/memcached>} for more about memcached.
Usage summary
=============
This should give you a feel for how this module operates::
import memcache
mc = memcache.Client(['127.0.0.1:11211'], debug=0)
mc.set("some_key", "Some value")
value = mc.get("some_key")
mc.set("another_key", 3)
mc.delete("another_key")
mc.set("key", "1") # note that the key used for incr/decr must be a string.
mc.incr("key")
mc.decr("key")
The standard way to use memcache with a database is like this::
key = derive_key(obj)
obj = mc.get(key)
if not obj:
obj = backend_api.get(...)
mc.set(key, obj)
# we now have obj, and future passes through this code
# will use the object from the cache.
Detailed Documentation
======================
More detailed documentation is available in the L{Client} class.
"""
import sys
import socket
import time
import os
import re
try:
import cPickle as pickle
except ImportError:
import pickle
from binascii import crc32 # zlib version is not cross-platform
def cmemcache_hash(key):
return((((crc32(key) & 0xffffffff) >> 16) & 0x7fff) or 1)
serverHashFunction = cmemcache_hash
def useOldServerHashFunction():
"""Use the old python-memcache server hash function."""
global serverHashFunction
serverHashFunction = crc32
try:
from zlib import compress, decompress
_supports_compress = True
except ImportError:
_supports_compress = False
# quickly define a decompress just in case we recv compressed data.
def decompress(val):
raise _Error("received compressed data but I don't support compression (import error)")
try:
from cStringIO import StringIO
except ImportError:
from StringIO import StringIO
# Original author: Evan Martin of Danga Interactive
__author__ = "Sean Reifschneider <jafo-memcached@tummy.com>"
__version__ = "1.47"
__copyright__ = "Copyright (C) 2003 Danga Interactive"
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_Software_Foundation_License
__license__ = "Python Software Foundation License"
SERVER_MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 250
# Storing values larger than 1MB requires recompiling memcached. If you do,
# this value can be changed by doing "memcache.SERVER_MAX_VALUE_LENGTH = N"
# after importing this module.
SERVER_MAX_VALUE_LENGTH = 1024*1024*3
class _Error(Exception):
pass
class Connection(object):
def __init__(self,pool,location,timeout=2):
self.pool = pool
host,port = location.split(":")
self.address = (host,int(port))
self.timeout = timeout
self.socket = None
self.buffer = ''
def release(self):
self.pool.release(self)
def mark_dead(self,reason):
print '%s %s'%(reason,self.address)
self.close_socket()
self.pool.remove(self)
def close_socket(self):
if self.socket:
self.socket.close()
self.socket = None
def _get_socket(self):
if self.socket:
return self.socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.settimeout(self.timeout)
try:
s.connect(self.address)
self.socket = s
return self.socket
except socket.timeout, msg:
self.mark_dead("connect: %s" % msg)
return None
except socket.error, msg:
if isinstance(msg, tuple): msg = msg[1]
self.mark_dead("connect: %s" % msg[1])
return None
def connect(self):
if self._get_socket():
return True
return False
def send_cmd(self, cmd):
self.socket.sendall(cmd + '\r\n')
def send_cmds(self, cmds):
""" cmds already has trailing \r\n's applied """
self.socket.sendall(cmds)
def readline(self):
recv = self.socket.recv
buf = self.buffer
#buf = ''
while True:
index = buf.find('\r\n')
if index >= 0:
break
data = recv(4096)
if not data:
self.mark_dead('Connection closed while reading from %s'% repr(self))
self.buffer = ''
break
buf += data
self.buffer = buf[index+2:]
return buf[:index]
def expect(self, text):
line = self.readline()
if line != text:
print "while expecting '%s', got unexpected response '%s'" % (text, line)
return line
def recv(self, rlen):
self_socket_recv = self.socket.recv
buf = self.buffer
while len(buf) < rlen:
foo = self_socket_recv(max(rlen - len(buf), 4096))
buf += foo
if not foo:
raise _Error( 'Read %d bytes, expecting %d, '
'read returned 0 length bytes' % ( len(buf), rlen ))
self.buffer = buf[rlen:]
return buf[:rlen]
class ConnectionPool(object):
def __init__(self, location,timeout=2):
self.location = location
self._max_connections = 1000
self._available_connections = []
self._in_use_connections = set()
def get_connection(self):
try:
connection = self._available_connections.pop()
except IndexError:
connection = self._make_connection()
if connection and connection.connect():
self._in_use_connections.add(connection)
return connection
else:
return None
def _make_connection(self):
"Create a new connection"
if len(self._in_use_connections) >= self._max_connections:
raise DbossError("Too many connections")
conn = Connection(self,self.location)
return conn
def release(self, connection):
self._in_use_connections.remove(connection)
self._available_connections.append(connection)
def remove(self, connection):
self._in_use_connections.remove(connection)
self._available_connections.remove(connection)
class Client():
"""
Object representing a pool of memcache servers.
See L{memcache} for an overview.
In all cases where a key is used, the key can be either:
1. A simple hashable type (string, integer, etc.).
2. A tuple of C{(hashvalue, key)}. This is useful if you want to avoid
making this module calculate a hash value. You may prefer, for
example, to keep all of a given user's objects on the same memcache
server, so you could use the user's unique id as the hash value.
@group Setup: __init__, set_servers, forget_dead_hosts, disconnect_all, debuglog
@group Insertion: set, add, replace, set_multi
@group Retrieval: get, get_multi
@group Integers: incr, decr
@group Removal: delete, delete_multi
@sort: __init__, set_servers, forget_dead_hosts, disconnect_all, debuglog,\
set, set_multi, add, replace, get, get_multi, incr, decr, delete, delete_multi
"""
_FLAG_PICKLE = 1<<0
_FLAG_INTEGER = 1<<1
_FLAG_LONG = 1<<2
_FLAG_COMPRESSED = 1<<3
_SERVER_RETRIES = 10 # how many times to try finding a free server.
# exceptions for Client
class MemcachedKeyError(Exception):
pass
class MemcachedKeyLengthError(MemcachedKeyError):
pass
class MemcachedKeyCharacterError(MemcachedKeyError):
pass
class MemcachedKeyNoneError(MemcachedKeyError):
pass
class MemcachedKeyTypeError(MemcachedKeyError):
pass
class MemcachedStringEncodingError(Exception):
pass
def __init__(self, servers, debug=0, pickleProtocol=0,
pickler=pickle.Pickler, unpickler=pickle.Unpickler,
pload=None, pid=None, server_max_key_length=SERVER_MAX_KEY_LENGTH,
server_max_value_length=SERVER_MAX_VALUE_LENGTH):
"""
Create a new Client object with the given list of servers.
@param servers: C{servers} is passed to L{set_servers}.
@param debug: whether to display error messages when a server can't be
contacted.
@param pickleProtocol: number to mandate protocol used by (c)Pickle.
@param pickler: optional override of default Pickler to allow subclassing.
@param unpickler: optional override of default Unpickler to allow subclassing.
@param pload: optional persistent_load function to call on pickle loading.
Useful for cPickle since subclassing isn't allowed.
@param pid: optional persistent_id function to call on pickle storing.
Useful for cPickle since subclassing isn't allowed.
"""
self.debug = debug
self.set_servers(servers)
self.stats = {}
self.cas_ids = {}
# Allow users to modify pickling/unpickling behavior
self.pickleProtocol = pickleProtocol
self.pickler = pickler
self.unpickler = unpickler
self.persistent_load = pload
self.persistent_id = pid
self.server_max_key_length = server_max_key_length
self.server_max_value_length = server_max_value_length
# figure out the pickler style
file = StringIO()
try:
pickler = self.pickler(file, protocol = self.pickleProtocol)
self.picklerIsKeyword = True
except TypeError:
self.picklerIsKeyword = False
def set_servers(self, servers):
"""
Set the pool of servers used by this client.
@param servers: an array of servers.
Servers can be passed in two forms:
1. Strings of the form C{"host:port"}, which implies a default weight of 1.
2. Tuples of the form C{("host:port", weight)}, where C{weight} is
an integer weight value.
"""
#self.servers = [_Host(s, self.debug) for s in servers]
self.servers = servers
self._init_buckets()
def flush_all(self):
'Expire all data currently in the memcache servers.'
for pool in self.buckets:
server = pool.get_connection()
if not server.connect(): continue
server.send_cmd('flush_all')
server.expect("OK")
server.release()
def debuglog(self, str):
if self.debug:
sys.stderr.write("MemCached: %s\n" % str)
def _statlog(self, func):
if func not in self.stats:
self.stats[func] = 1
else:
self.stats[func] += 1
def forget_dead_hosts(self):
"""
Reset every host in the pool to an "alive" state.
"""
for s in self.servers:
s.deaduntil = 0
def _init_buckets(self):
self.buckets = []
for server in self.servers:
#for i in range(server.weight):
# self.buckets.append(server)
self.buckets.append(ConnectionPool(server))
def _get_server(self, key):
if isinstance(key, tuple):
serverhash, key = key
else:
serverhash = serverHashFunction(key)
for i in range(Client._SERVER_RETRIES):
pool = self.buckets[serverhash % len(self.buckets)]
connection = pool.get_connection()
if connection:
return connection,key
serverhash = serverHashFunction(str(serverhash) + str(i))
return None, None
def disconnect_all(self):
for s in self.servers:
s.close_socket()
def delete_multi(self, keys, time=0, key_prefix=''):
'''
Delete multiple keys in the memcache doing just one query.
>>> notset_keys = mc.set_multi({'key1' : 'val1', 'key2' : 'val2'})
>>> mc.get_multi(['key1', 'key2']) == {'key1' : 'val1', 'key2' : 'val2'}
1
>>> mc.delete_multi(['key1', 'key2'])
1
>>> mc.get_multi(['key1', 'key2']) == {}
1
This method is recommended over iterated regular L{delete}s as it reduces total latency, since
your app doesn't have to wait for each round-trip of L{delete} before sending
the next one.
@param keys: An iterable of keys to clear
@param time: number of seconds any subsequent set / update commands should fail. Defaults to 0 for no delay.
@param key_prefix: Optional string to prepend to each key when sending to memcache.
See docs for L{get_multi} and L{set_multi}.
@return: 1 if no failure in communication with any memcacheds.
@rtype: int
'''
self._statlog('delete_multi')
server_keys, prefixed_to_orig_key = self._map_and_prefix_keys(keys, key_prefix)
# send out all requests on each server before reading anything
dead_servers = []
rc = 1
for server in server_keys.iterkeys():
bigcmd = []
write = bigcmd.append
if time != None:
for key in server_keys[server]: # These are mangled keys
write("delete %s %d\r\n" % (key, time))
else:
for key in server_keys[server]: # These are mangled keys
write("delete %s\r\n" % key)
try:
server.send_cmds(''.join(bigcmd))
except socket.error, msg:
rc = 0
if isinstance(msg, tuple): msg = msg[1]
server.mark_dead(msg)
dead_servers.append(server)
# if any servers died on the way, don't expect them to respond.
for server in dead_servers:
del server_keys[server]
for server, keys in server_keys.iteritems():
try:
for key in keys:
server.expect("DELETED")
except socket.error, msg:
if isinstance(msg, tuple): msg = msg[1]
server.mark_dead(msg)
rc = 0
finally:
if server:
server.release()
return rc
def delete(self, key, time=0):
'''Deletes a key from the memcache.
@return: Nonzero on success.
@param time: number of seconds any subsequent set / update commands
should fail. Defaults to 0 for no delay.
@rtype: int
'''
self.check_key(key)
server, key = self._get_server(key)
if not server:
return 0
self._statlog('delete')
if time != None:
cmd = "delete %s %d" % (key, time)
else:
cmd = "delete %s" % key
try:
server.send_cmd(cmd)
line = server.readline()
if line and line.strip() in ['DELETED', 'NOT_FOUND']: return 1
self.debuglog('Delete expected DELETED or NOT_FOUND, got: %s'
% repr(line))
except socket.error, msg:
if isinstance(msg, tuple): msg = msg[1]
server.mark_dead(msg)
finally:
if server:
server.release()
return 0
def incr(self, key, delta=1):
"""
Sends a command to the server to atomically increment the value
for C{key} by C{delta}, or by 1 if C{delta} is unspecified.
Returns None if C{key} doesn't exist on server, otherwise it
returns the new value after incrementing.
Note that the value for C{key} must already exist in the memcache,
and it must be the string representation of an integer.
>>> mc.set("counter", "20") # returns 1, indicating success
1
>>> mc.incr("counter")
21
>>> mc.incr("counter")
22
Overflow on server is not checked. Be aware of values approaching
2**32. See L{decr}.
@param delta: Integer amount to increment by (should be zero or greater).
@return: New value after incrementing.
@rtype: int
"""
return self._incrdecr("incr", key, delta)
def decr(self, key, delta=1):
"""
Like L{incr}, but decrements. Unlike L{incr}, underflow is checked and
new values are capped at 0. If server value is 1, a decrement of 2
returns 0, not -1.
@param delta: Integer amount to decrement by (should be zero or greater).
@return: New value after decrementing.
@rtype: int
"""
return self._incrdecr("decr", key, delta)
def _incrdecr(self, cmd, key, delta):
self.check_key(key)
server, key = self._get_server(key)
if not server:
return 0
self._statlog(cmd)
cmd = "%s %s %d" % (cmd, key, delta)
try:
server.send_cmd(cmd)
line = server.readline()
if line == None or line.strip() =='NOT_FOUND': return None
return int(line)
except socket.error, msg:
if isinstance(msg, tuple): msg = msg[1]
server.mark_dead(msg)
return None
finally:
if server:
server.release()
def add(self, key, val, time = 0, min_compress_len = 100):
'''
Add new key with value.
Like L{set}, but only stores in memcache if the key doesn't already exist.
@return: Nonzero on success.
@rtype: int
'''
return self._set("add", key, val, time, min_compress_len)
def append(self, key, val, time=0, min_compress_len=100):
'''Append the value to the end of the existing key's value.
Only stores in memcache if key already exists.
Also see L{prepend}.
@return: Nonzero on success.
@rtype: int
'''
return self._set("append", key, val, time, min_compress_len)
def prepend(self, key, val, time=0, min_compress_len=100):
'''Prepend the value to the beginning of the existing key's value.
Only stores in memcache if key already exists.
Also see L{append}.
@return: Nonzero on success.
@rtype: int
'''
return self._set("prepend", key, val, time, min_compress_len=100)
def replace(self, key, val, time=0, min_compress_len=100):
'''Replace existing key with value.
Like L{set}, but only stores in memcache if the key already exists.
The opposite of L{add}.
@return: Nonzero on success.
@rtype: int
'''
return self._set("replace", key, val, time, min_compress_len)
def set(self, key, val, time=0, min_compress_len=100):
'''Unconditionally sets a key to a given value in the memcache.
The C{key} can optionally be an tuple, with the first element
being the server hash value and the second being the key.
If you want to avoid making this module calculate a hash value.
You may prefer, for example, to keep all of a given user's objects
on the same memcache server, so you could use the user's unique
id as the hash value.
@return: Nonzero on success.
@rtype: int
@param time: Tells memcached the time which this value should expire, either
as a delta number of seconds, or an absolute unix time-since-the-epoch
value. See the memcached protocol docs section "Storage Commands"
for more info on <exptime>. We default to 0 == cache forever.
@param min_compress_len: The threshold length to kick in auto-compression
of the value using the zlib.compress() routine. If the value being cached is
a string, then the length of the string is measured, else if the value is an
object, then the length of the pickle result is measured. If the resulting
attempt at compression yeilds a larger string than the input, then it is
discarded. For backwards compatability, this parameter defaults to 0,
indicating don't ever try to compress.
'''
return self._set("set", key, val, time, min_compress_len)
def cas(self, key, val, time=0, min_compress_len=100):
'''Sets a key to a given value in the memcache if it hasn't been
altered since last fetched. (See L{gets}).
The C{key} can optionally be an tuple, with the first element
being the server hash value and the second being the key.
If you want to avoid making this module calculate a hash value.
You may prefer, for example, to keep all of a given user's objects
on the same memcache server, so you could use the user's unique
id as the hash value.
@return: Nonzero on success.
@rtype: int
@param time: Tells memcached the time which this value should expire,
either as a delta number of seconds, or an absolute unix
time-since-the-epoch value. See the memcached protocol docs section
"Storage Commands" for more info on <exptime>. We default to
0 == cache forever.
@param min_compress_len: The threshold length to kick in
auto-compression of the value using the zlib.compress() routine. If
the value being cached is a string, then the length of the string is
measured, else if the value is an object, then the length of the
pickle result is measured. If the resulting attempt at compression
yeilds a larger string than the input, then it is discarded. For
backwards compatability, this parameter defaults to 0, indicating
don't ever try to compress.
'''
return self._set("cas", key, val, time, min_compress_len)
def _map_and_prefix_keys(self, key_iterable, key_prefix):
"""Compute the mapping of server (_Host instance) -> list of keys to stuff onto that server, as well as the mapping of
prefixed key -> original key.
"""
# Check it just once ...
key_extra_len=len(key_prefix)
if key_prefix:
self.check_key(key_prefix)
# server (_Host) -> list of unprefixed server keys in mapping
server_keys = {}
prefixed_to_orig_key = {}
# build up a list for each server of all the keys we want.
for orig_key in key_iterable:
if isinstance(orig_key, tuple):
# Tuple of hashvalue, key ala _get_server(). Caller is essentially telling us what server to stuff this on.
# Ensure call to _get_server gets a Tuple as well.
str_orig_key = str(orig_key[1])
server, key = self._get_server((orig_key[0], key_prefix + str_orig_key)) # Gotta pre-mangle key before hashing to a server. Returns the mangled key.
else:
str_orig_key = str(orig_key) # set_multi supports int / long keys.
server, key = self._get_server(key_prefix + str_orig_key)
# Now check to make sure key length is proper ...
self.check_key(str_orig_key, key_extra_len=key_extra_len)
if not server:
continue
if server not in server_keys:
server_keys[server] = []
server_keys[server].append(key)
prefixed_to_orig_key[key] = orig_key
return (server_keys, prefixed_to_orig_key)
def set_multi(self, mapping, time=0, key_prefix='', min_compress_len=100):
'''
Sets multiple keys in the memcache doing just one query.
>>> notset_keys = mc.set_multi({'key1' : 'val1', 'key2' : 'val2'})
>>> mc.get_multi(['key1', 'key2']) == {'key1' : 'val1', 'key2' : 'val2'}
1
This method is recommended over regular L{set} as it lowers the number of
total packets flying around your network, reducing total latency, since
your app doesn't have to wait for each round-trip of L{set} before sending
the next one.
@param mapping: A dict of key/value pairs to set.
@param time: Tells memcached the time which this value should expire, either
as a delta number of seconds, or an absolute unix time-since-the-epoch
value. See the memcached protocol docs section "Storage Commands"
for more info on <exptime>. We default to 0 == cache forever.
@param key_prefix: Optional string to prepend to each key when sending to memcache. Allows you to efficiently stuff these keys into a pseudo-namespace in memcache:
>>> notset_keys = mc.set_multi({'key1' : 'val1', 'key2' : 'val2'}, key_prefix='subspace_')
>>> len(notset_keys) == 0
True
>>> mc.get_multi(['subspace_key1', 'subspace_key2']) == {'subspace_key1' : 'val1', 'subspace_key2' : 'val2'}
True
Causes key 'subspace_key1' and 'subspace_key2' to be set. Useful in conjunction with a higher-level layer which applies namespaces to data in memcache.
In this case, the return result would be the list of notset original keys, prefix not applied.
@param min_compress_len: The threshold length to kick in auto-compression
of the value using the zlib.compress() routine. If the value being cached is
a string, then the length of the string is measured, else if the value is an
object, then the length of the pickle result is measured. If the resulting
attempt at compression yeilds a larger string than the input, then it is
discarded. For backwards compatability, this parameter defaults to 0,
indicating don't ever try to compress.
@return: List of keys which failed to be stored [ memcache out of memory, etc. ].
@rtype: list
'''
self._statlog('set_multi')
server_keys, prefixed_to_orig_key = self._map_and_prefix_keys(mapping.iterkeys(), key_prefix)
# send out all requests on each server before reading anything
dead_servers = []
notstored = [] # original keys.
for server in server_keys.iterkeys():
bigcmd = []
write = bigcmd.append
try:
for key in server_keys[server]: # These are mangled keys
store_info = self._val_to_store_info(
mapping[prefixed_to_orig_key[key]],
min_compress_len)
if store_info:
write("set %s %d %d %d\r\n%s\r\n" % (key, store_info[0],
time, store_info[1], store_info[2]))
else:
notstored.append(prefixed_to_orig_key[key])
server.send_cmds(''.join(bigcmd))
except socket.error, msg:
if isinstance(msg, tuple): msg = msg[1]
server.mark_dead(msg)
dead_servers.append(server)
# if any servers died on the way, don't expect them to respond.
for server in dead_servers:
del server_keys[server]
# short-circuit if there are no servers, just return all keys
if not server_keys: return(mapping.keys())
for server, keys in server_keys.iteritems():
try:
for key in keys:
line = server.readline()
if line == 'STORED':
continue
else:
notstored.append(prefixed_to_orig_key[key]) #un-mangle.
except (_Error, socket.error), msg:
if isinstance(msg, tuple): msg = msg[1]
server.mark_dead(msg)
finally:
if server:
server.release()
return notstored
def _val_to_store_info(self, val, min_compress_len):
"""
Transform val to a storable representation, returning a tuple of the flags, the length of the new value, and the new value itself.
"""
flags = 0
if isinstance(val, str):
pass
elif isinstance(val, int):
flags |= Client._FLAG_INTEGER
val = "%d" % val
# force no attempt to compress this silly string.
min_compress_len = 0
elif isinstance(val, long):
flags |= Client._FLAG_LONG
val = "%d" % val
# force no attempt to compress this silly string.
min_compress_len = 0
else:
flags |= Client._FLAG_PICKLE
file = StringIO()
if self.picklerIsKeyword:
pickler = self.pickler(file, protocol = self.pickleProtocol)
else:
pickler = self.pickler(file, self.pickleProtocol)
if self.persistent_id:
pickler.persistent_id = self.persistent_id
pickler.dump(val)
val = file.getvalue()
lv = len(val)
# We should try to compress if min_compress_len > 0 and we could
# import zlib and this string is longer than our min threshold.
if min_compress_len and _supports_compress and lv > min_compress_len:
comp_val = compress(val)
# Only retain the result if the compression result is smaller
# than the original.
if len(comp_val) < lv:
flags |= Client._FLAG_COMPRESSED
val = comp_val
# silently do not store if value length exceeds maximum
if self.server_max_value_length != 0 and \
len(val) >= self.server_max_value_length: return(0)
return (flags, len(val), val)
def _set(self, cmd, key, val, time, min_compress_len = 100):
self.check_key(key)
server, key = self._get_server(key)
if not server:
return 0
self._statlog(cmd)
store_info = self._val_to_store_info(val, min_compress_len)
if not store_info: return(0)
if cmd == 'cas':
if key not in self.cas_ids:
return self._set('set', key, val, time, min_compress_len)
fullcmd = "%s %s %d %d %d %d\r\n%s" % (
cmd, key, store_info[0], time, store_info[1],
self.cas_ids[key], store_info[2])
else:
fullcmd = "%s %s %d %d %d\r\n%s" % (
cmd, key, store_info[0], time, store_info[1], store_info[2])
try:
server.send_cmd(fullcmd)
return(server.expect("STORED") == "STORED")
except socket.error, msg:
if isinstance(msg, tuple): msg = msg[1]
server.mark_dead(msg)
finally:
if server:
server.release()
return 0
def _get(self, cmd, key):
self.check_key(key)
server, key = self._get_server(key)
if not server:
return None
self._statlog(cmd)
try:
server.send_cmd("%s %s" % (cmd, key))
rkey = flags = rlen = cas_id = None
if cmd == 'gets':
rkey, flags, rlen, cas_id, = self._expect_cas_value(server)
if rkey:
self.cas_ids[rkey] = cas_id
else:
rkey, flags, rlen, = self._expectvalue(server)
if not rkey:
return None
value = self._recv_value(server, flags, rlen)
server.expect("END")
except (_Error, socket.error), msg:
if isinstance(msg, tuple): msg = msg[1]
server.mark_dead(msg)
return None
finally:
if server:
server.release()
return value
def get(self, key):
'''Retrieves a key from the memcache.
@return: The value or None.
'''
return self._get('get', key)
def gets(self, key):
'''Retrieves a key from the memcache. Used in conjunction with 'cas'.
@return: The value or None.
'''
return self._get('gets', key)
def get_multi(self, keys, key_prefix=''):
'''
Retrieves multiple keys from the memcache doing just one query.
>>> success = mc.set("foo", "bar")
>>> success = mc.set("baz", 42)
>>> mc.get_multi(["foo", "baz", "foobar"]) == {"foo": "bar", "baz": 42}
1
>>> mc.set_multi({'k1' : 1, 'k2' : 2}, key_prefix='pfx_') == []
1
This looks up keys 'pfx_k1', 'pfx_k2', ... . Returned dict will just have unprefixed keys 'k1', 'k2'.
>>> mc.get_multi(['k1', 'k2', 'nonexist'], key_prefix='pfx_') == {'k1' : 1, 'k2' : 2}
1
get_mult [ and L{set_multi} ] can take str()-ables like ints / longs as keys too. Such as your db pri key fields.
They're rotored through str() before being passed off to memcache, with or without the use of a key_prefix.
In this mode, the key_prefix could be a table name, and the key itself a db primary key number.
>>> mc.set_multi({42: 'douglass adams', 46 : 'and 2 just ahead of me'}, key_prefix='numkeys_') == []
1
>>> mc.get_multi([46, 42], key_prefix='numkeys_') == {42: 'douglass adams', 46 : 'and 2 just ahead of me'}
1
This method is recommended over regular L{get} as it lowers the number of
total packets flying around your network, reducing total latency, since
your app doesn't have to wait for each round-trip of L{get} before sending
the next one.
See also L{set_multi}.
@param keys: An array of keys.
@param key_prefix: A string to prefix each key when we communicate with memcache.
Facilitates pseudo-namespaces within memcache. Returned dictionary keys will not have this prefix.
@return: A dictionary of key/value pairs that were available. If key_prefix was provided, the keys in the retured dictionary will not have it present.
'''
self._statlog('get_multi')
server_keys, prefixed_to_orig_key = self._map_and_prefix_keys(keys, key_prefix)
# send out all requests on each server before reading anything
dead_servers = []
for server in server_keys.iterkeys():
try:
server.send_cmd("get %s" % " ".join(server_keys[server]))
except socket.error, msg:
if isinstance(msg, tuple): msg = msg[1]
server.mark_dead(msg)
dead_servers.append(server)
# if any servers died on the way, don't expect them to respond.
for server in dead_servers:
del server_keys[server]
retvals = {}
for server in server_keys.iterkeys():
try:
line = server.readline()
while line and line != 'END':
rkey, flags, rlen = self._expectvalue(server, line)
# Bo Yang reports that this can sometimes be None
if rkey is not None:
val = self._recv_value(server, flags, rlen)
retvals[prefixed_to_orig_key[rkey]] = val # un-prefix returned key.
line = server.readline()
except (_Error, socket.error), msg:
if isinstance(msg, tuple): msg = msg[1]
server.mark_dead(msg)
finally:
if server:
server.release()
return retvals
def _expect_cas_value(self, server, line=None):
if not line:
line = server.readline()
if line and line[:5] == 'VALUE':
resp, rkey, flags, len, cas_id = line.split()
return (rkey, int(flags), int(len), int(cas_id))
else:
return (None, None, None, None)
def _expectvalue(self, server, line=None):
if not line:
line = server.readline()
if line and line[:5] == 'VALUE':
resp, rkey, flags, len = line.split()
flags = int(flags)
rlen = int(len)
return (rkey, flags, rlen)
else:
return (None, None, None)
def _recv_value(self, server, flags, rlen):
rlen += 2 # include \r\n
buf = server.recv(rlen)
if len(buf) != rlen:
raise _Error("received %d bytes when expecting %d"
% (len(buf), rlen))
if len(buf) == rlen:
buf = buf[:-2] # strip \r\n
if flags & Client._FLAG_COMPRESSED:
buf = decompress(buf)
if flags == 0 or flags == Client._FLAG_COMPRESSED:
# Either a bare string or a compressed string now decompressed...
val = buf
elif flags & Client._FLAG_INTEGER:
val = int(buf)
elif flags & Client._FLAG_LONG:
val = long(buf)
elif flags & Client._FLAG_PICKLE:
try:
file = StringIO(buf)
unpickler = self.unpickler(file)
if self.persistent_load:
unpickler.persistent_load = self.persistent_load
val = unpickler.load()
except Exception, e:
self.debuglog('Pickle error: %s\n' % e)
val = None
else:
self.debuglog("unknown flags on get: %x\n" % flags)
return val
def check_key(self, key, key_extra_len=0):
"""Checks sanity of key. Fails if:
Key length is > SERVER_MAX_KEY_LENGTH (Raises MemcachedKeyLength).
Contains control characters (Raises MemcachedKeyCharacterError).
Is not a string (Raises MemcachedStringEncodingError)
Is an unicode string (Raises MemcachedStringEncodingError)
Is not a string (Raises MemcachedKeyError)
Is None (Raises MemcachedKeyError)
"""
if isinstance(key, tuple): key = key[1]
if not key:
raise Client.MemcachedKeyNoneError("Key is None")
if isinstance(key, unicode):
raise Client.MemcachedStringEncodingError(
"Keys must be str()'s, not unicode. Convert your unicode "
"strings using mystring.encode(charset)!")
if not isinstance(key, str):
raise Client.MemcachedKeyTypeError("Key must be str()'s")
if isinstance(key, basestring):
if self.server_max_key_length != 0 and \
len(key) + key_extra_len > self.server_max_key_length:
raise Client.MemcachedKeyLengthError("Key length is > %s"
% self.server_max_key_length)
for char in key:
if ord(char) < 33 or ord(char) == 127:
raise Client.MemcachedKeyCharacterError(
"Control characters not allowed")
def _doctest():
import doctest, memcache
servers = ["127.0.0.1:11211"]
mc = Client(servers)
globs = {"mc": mc}
return doctest.testmod(memcache, globs=globs)
if __name__ == "__main__":
failures = 0
print "Testing docstrings..."
_doctest()
print "Running tests:"
print
serverList = [["127.0.0.1:11211"]]
if '--do-unix' in sys.argv:
serverList.append([os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'memcached.socket')])
for servers in serverList:
mc = Client(servers, debug=1)
def to_s(val):
if not isinstance(val, basestring):
return "%s (%s)" % (val, type(val))
return "%s" % val
def test_setget(key, val):
print "Testing set/get {'%s': %s} ..." % (to_s(key), to_s(val)),
mc.set(key, val)
newval = mc.get(key)
if newval == val:
print "OK"
return 1
else:
print "FAIL"; failures = failures + 1
return 0
class FooStruct(object):
def __init__(self):
self.bar = "baz"
def __str__(self):
return "A FooStruct"
def __eq__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, FooStruct):
return self.bar == other.bar
return 0
test_setget("a_string", "some random string")
test_setget("an_integer", 42)
if test_setget("long", long(1<<30)):
print "Testing delete ...",
if mc.delete("long"):
print "OK"
else:
print "FAIL"; failures = failures + 1
print "Checking results of delete ..."
if mc.get("long") == None:
print "OK"
else:
print "FAIL"; failures = failures + 1
print "Testing get_multi ...",
print mc.get_multi(["a_string", "an_integer"])
print "Testing get(unknown value) ...",
print to_s(mc.get("unknown_value"))
f = FooStruct()
test_setget("foostruct", f)
print "Testing incr ...",
x = mc.incr("an_integer", 1)
if x == 43:
print "OK"
else:
print "FAIL"; failures = failures + 1
print "Testing decr ...",
x = mc.decr("an_integer", 1)
if x == 42:
print "OK"
else:
print "FAIL"; failures = failures + 1
sys.stdout.flush()
# sanity tests
print "Testing sending spaces...",
sys.stdout.flush()
try:
x = mc.set("this has spaces", 1)
except Client.MemcachedKeyCharacterError, msg:
print "OK"
else:
print "FAIL"; failures = failures + 1
print "Testing sending control characters...",
try:
x = mc.set("this\x10has\x11control characters\x02", 1)
except Client.MemcachedKeyCharacterError, msg:
print "OK"
else:
print "FAIL"; failures = failures + 1
print "Testing using insanely long key...",
try:
x = mc.set('a'*SERVER_MAX_KEY_LENGTH + 'aaaa', 1)
except Client.MemcachedKeyLengthError, msg:
print "OK"
else:
print "FAIL"; failures = failures + 1
print "Testing sending a unicode-string key...",
try:
x = mc.set(u'keyhere', 1)
except Client.MemcachedStringEncodingError, msg:
print "OK",
else:
print "FAIL",; failures = failures + 1
try:
x = mc.set((u'a'*SERVER_MAX_KEY_LENGTH).encode('utf-8'), 1)
except:
print "FAIL",; failures = failures + 1
else:
print "OK",
import pickle
s = pickle.loads('V\\u4f1a\np0\n.')
try:
x = mc.set((s*SERVER_MAX_KEY_LENGTH).encode('utf-8'), 1)
except Client.MemcachedKeyLengthError:
print "OK"
else:
print "FAIL"; failures = failures + 1
print "Testing using a value larger than the memcached value limit...",
x = mc.set('keyhere', 'a'*SERVER_MAX_VALUE_LENGTH)
if mc.get('keyhere') == None:
print "OK",
else:
print "FAIL",; failures = failures + 1
x = mc.set('keyhere', 'a'*SERVER_MAX_VALUE_LENGTH + 'aaa')
if mc.get('keyhere') == None:
print "OK"
else:
print "FAIL"; failures = failures + 1
print "Testing set_multi() with no memcacheds running",
mc.disconnect_all()
errors = mc.set_multi({'keyhere' : 'a', 'keythere' : 'b'})
if errors != []:
print "FAIL"; failures = failures + 1
else:
print "OK"
print "Testing delete_multi() with no memcacheds running",
mc.disconnect_all()
ret = mc.delete_multi({'keyhere' : 'a', 'keythere' : 'b'})
if ret != 1:
print "FAIL"; failures = failures + 1
else:
print "OK"
if failures > 0:
print '*** THERE WERE FAILED TESTS'
sys.exit(1)
sys.exit(0)
# vim: ts=4 sw=4 et :
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