LC_2_1贪心算法 区间调度问题

给你很多形如 [start, end] 的闭区间，请你设计一个算法，算出这些区间中最多有几个互不相交的区间。

Non-overlapping Intervals

https://leetcode.com/problems/non-overlapping-intervals/description/

Given an array of intervals intervals where intervals[i] = [starti, endi], return the minimum number of intervals you need to remove to make the rest of the intervals non-overlapping.

区间调度问题是让你计算若干区间中最多有几个互不相交的区间，这道题是区间调度问题的一个简单变体。

区间调度问题思路可以分为以下三步：

1、从区间集合 intvs 中选择一个区间 x，这个 x 是在当前所有区间中结束最早的（end 最小）。

2、把所有与 x 区间相交的区间从区间集合 intvs 中删除。

3、重复步骤 1 和 2，直到 intvs 为空为止。之前选出的那些 x 就是最大不相交子集。

 public int eraseOverlapIntervals(int[][] intervals) {
        return intervals.length - intervalSchedule(intervals);
    }

    //区间调度问题 - 计算出不相交的区间个数
    private static int intervalSchedule(int[][] intervals) {
        //根据end进行升序排序
        Arrays.sort(intervals,new Comparator<int[]>() {
            public int compare(int[] a, int[] b) {
                return a[1] - b[1];
            }
        });

        int x_end = intervals[0][1];// 拿到最小end区间的最小end
        int count = 1;//计算的是不相交的区间个数，即使全相交，那也有一个不相交，至少就一个
        for(int i = 1; i < intervals.length; i++) {
            if(x_end <= intervals[i][0]) {
                count++;
                x_end = intervals[i][1];
            }
        }
        return count;
    }

Minimum Number of Arrows to Burst Balloons

https://leetcode.com/problems/minimum-number-of-arrows-to-burst-balloons/

There are some spherical balloons taped onto a flat wall that represents the XY-plane. The balloons are represented as a 2D integer array points where points[i] = [xstart, xend] denotes a balloon whose horizontal diameter stretches between xstart and xend. You do not know the exact y-coordinates of the balloons.

Arrows can be shot up directly vertically (in the positive y-direction) from different points along the x-axis. A balloon with xstart and xend is burst by an arrow shot at x if xstart <= x <= xend. There is no limit to the number of arrows that can be shot. A shot arrow keeps traveling up infinitely, bursting any balloons in its path.

Given the array points, return the minimum number of arrows that must be shot to burst all balloons.

public int findMinArrowShots(int[][] points) {
        return intervalSchedule(points);
    }


    //贪心算法 - 区间调度问题 - 计算不相交区间的个数
    private static int intervalSchedule(int[][] intervals) {
        //根据end进行升序排序
        Arrays.sort(intervals, new Comparator<int[]>() {
            public int compare(int[] a, int[] b) {
                if(a[1] < b[1]) {
                    return -1;
                }else if(a[1] == b[1]) {
                    return 0;
                }else {
                    return 1;
                }
            }
        });

        int count = 1; //被x_end覆盖到的区间有几个
        int x_end = intervals[0][1];
        for(int i = 1; i < intervals.length; i++) {
            if(x_end < intervals[i][0]) {
                count++;
                x_end = intervals[i][1];
            }
        }
        return count;
    }