应届生面试要点总结（12）设计模式相关

单例模式双重检查锁

public static Singleton getInstance() {  
  
if (instance == null) { // 这种方式采用双锁机制，安全且在多线程情况下能保持高性能  
  
synchronized(Singleton.class) {  
  
if (instance == null)  
  
instance = new Singleton();  
  
}  
  
}  
  
return instance;  
  
}  

单例模式（枚举实现）

enum danli {

INSTANCE;

private String string;

public String getString() {

return string;

}

public void setString(String string) {

this.string = string;

}

}

danli one = danli.INSTANCE;

one.setString("hello");

System.out.println(one.getString());

danli two = danli.INSTANCE;

System.out.println(one == two); // true

懒汉式

public class Singleton {

private static Singleton instance;

private Singleton () {}

public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() { // 必须加锁 synchronized 才能保证单例，但加锁会影响效率

if (instance == null) {

instance = new Singleton(); // 第一次调用才初始化，避免内存浪费

}

return instance;

}

}

饿汉式

public class Singleton {

private static Singleton instance = new Singleton(); // 类加载时就初始化，浪费内存

private Singleton () {}

public static Singleton getInstance() { // 没有加锁，执行效率会提高

return instance;

}

}

静态内部类

public class Singleton {

private static class SingletonHolder {

private st