ADL(arguement dependency lookup.)

c++11-17 模板核心知识（十三）—— 名称查找与ADL-腾讯云开发者社区-腾讯云 (tencent.com)

#include <iostream>

namespace X {
    template <typename T> void f(T);
}

namespace N {
    using namespace X;
    enum E { e1 };
    void f(E) { std::cout << "N::f(N::E) called\n"; }
}    // namespace N

void f(int) { std::cout << "::f(int) called\n"; }

int main() {

    
    ::f(N::e1);    // qualified function name: no ADL
    f(N::e1);     // ordinary lookup finds ::f() and ADL finds N::f(), the latter is preferred
    return 0;
}