先前讲解的本地部署只能合约的方式编码较多,现在我们介绍目前比较流行的智能合约框架hardhat
1. 环境准备
yarn init
yarn add --dev hardhat
yarn hardhat
npm install --save-dev @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox
2. 新建并编译SimpleStorage.sol
- 在hardhat框架conracts目录下新建SimpleStorage.sol
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.8;
contract SimpleStorage {
uint256 favoriteNumber;
struct People {
uint256 favoriteNumber;
string name;
}
// uint256[] public anArray;
People[] public people;
mapping(string => uint256) public nameToFavoriteNumber;
function store(uint256 _favoriteNumber) public {
favoriteNumber = _favoriteNumber;
}
function retrieve() public view returns (uint256) {
return favoriteNumber;
}
function addPerson(string memory _name, uint256 _favoriteNumber) public {
people.push(People(_favoriteNumber, _name));
nameToFavoriteNumber[_name] = _favoriteNumber;
}
}
- 修改配置文件solidity版本为0.8.8
module.exports = {
solidity: "0.8.8"
};
- 开始编译
yarn hardhat compile
(base) PS D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc> yarn hardhat compile
yarn run v1.22.19
$ D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc\node_modules\.bin\hardhat compile
Downloading compiler 0.8.8
Compiled 1 Solidity file successfully
Done in 5.70s.
- 安装代码美化依赖
yarn add --dev prettier prettier-plugin-solidity
新建.prettierrc文件
{
"tabWidth": 4,
"useTabs": false,
"semi": false,
"singleQuote": false
}
新建.prettierignore文件
node_modules
package.json
img
artifacts
cache
coverage
.env
.*
README.md
coverage.json
3.修改deploy.js并部署
将以下代码覆盖deploy.js内容
// imports
const { ethers, run, network } = require("hardhat")
// async main
async function main() {
const SimpleStorageFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("SimpleStorage")
console.log("Deploying contract...")
const simpleStorage = await SimpleStorageFactory.deploy()
await simpleStorage.deployed()
console.log(`Deployed contract to: ${simpleStorage.address}`)
}
// main
main()
.then(() => process.exit(0))
.catch((error) => {
console.error(error)
process.exit(1)
})
执行 yarn hardhat run scripts/deploy.js
部署合约
(base) PS D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc> yarn hardhat run scripts/deploy.js
yarn run v1.22.19
$ D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc\node_modules\.bin\hardhat run scripts/deploy.js
Deploying contract...
Deployed contract to: 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3
Done in 3.67s.
在hardhat.config.js中,我们添加defaultNetwork: "hardhat"
,这是未指定网络时默认的配置
module.exports = {
defaultNetwork: "hardhat",
...
};
指定具体网络为hardhat
(base) PS D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc> yarn hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network hardhat
yarn run v1.22.19
$ D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc\node_modules\.bin\hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network hardhat
Deploying contract...
Deployed contract to: 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3
Done in 3.51s.
4. 部署至GOERLI测试网络
- 新建.env文件
配置如下内容为测试网信息,详见之前文章
GOERLI_RPC_URL=XXXXX
PRIVATE_KEY=XXXXXXX
覆盖deploy.js内容如下
require("@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox");
require("dotenv").config()
const GOERLI_RPC_URL = process.env.GOERLI_RPC_URL
const PRIVATE_KEY = process.env.PRIVATE_KEY
/** @type import('hardhat/config').HardhatUserConfig */
module.exports = {
defaultNetwork: "hardhat",
networks: {
hardhat: {},
goerli: {
url: GOERLI_RPC_URL,
accounts: [PRIVATE_KEY],
// https://chainlist.org/zh
chainId: 5
}
},
solidity: "0.8.8"
};
// 安装依赖
npm install dotenv --save
(base) PS D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc> yarn hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network goerli
yarn run v1.22.19
$ D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc\node_modules\.bin\hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network goerli
Deploying contract...
Deployed contract to: 0x4fC6FAe2C80adFd7beF5F6AeF2d8E59F2f3e1265
Done in 30.15s.
访问该地址发现部署成功https://goerli.etherscan.io/address/0x4fC6FAe2C80adFd7beF5F6AeF2d8E59F2f3e1265
欢迎关注公众号算法小生获取完整代码
现在我们来实践hardhat部署合约中的其他更多技术要点
5. 代码方式验证合约
- 注册
https://etherscan.io/
, 如下图添加拷贝API_KEY
- 在.env文件中新增
ETHERSCAN_API_KEY
ETHERSCAN_API_KEY=API_KEY【刚才注册的key】
- hardhat.config.js中新增配置
const ETHERSCAN_API_KEY = process.env.ETHERSCAN_API_KEY
module.exports = {
etherscan: {
apiKey: ETHERSCAN_API_KEY
}
};
- 覆盖deploy.js
// imports
const { ethers, run, network } = require("hardhat")
// async main
async function main() {
const SimpleStorageFactory = await ethers.getContractFactory("SimpleStorage")
console.log("Deploying contract...")
const simpleStorage = await SimpleStorageFactory.deploy()
await simpleStorage.deployed()
console.log(`Deployed contract to: ${simpleStorage.address}`)
if (network.config.chainId === 5 && process.env.ETHERSCAN_API_KEY) {
console.log("Waiting for block confirmations...")
await simpleStorage.deployTransaction.wait(6)
await verify(simpleStorage.address, [])
}
}
const verify = async (contractAddress, args) => {
console.log("Verifying contract...")
try {
await run("verify:verify", {
address: contractAddress,
constructorArguments: args,
})
} catch (e) {
if (e.message.toLowerCase().includes("already verified")) {
console.log("Already Verified!")
} else {
console.log(e)
}
}
}
// main
main()
.then(() => process.exit(0))
.catch((error) => {
console.error(error)
process.exit(1)
})
- 验证合约
如果用的使用了clash代理的话开启Tun模式,否则可能会报Connect Timeout Error
yarn hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network goerli
或
yarn hardhat verify --network goerli 0x2e3C64c769DAbAC7587dEa70cA23164EEE3d9596 --show-stack-traces
yarn run v1.22.19
$ D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc\node_modules\.bin\hardhat verify --network goerli 0x2e3C64c769DAbAC7587dEa70cA23164EEE3d9596 --show-stack-traces
Nothing to compile
Successfully submitted source code for contract
contracts/SimpleStorage.sol:SimpleStorage at 0x2e3C64c769DAbAC7587dEa70cA23164EEE3d9596
for verification on the block explorer. Waiting for verification result...
Successfully verified contract SimpleStorage on Etherscan.
https://goerli.etherscan.io/address/0x2e3C64c769DAbAC7587dEa70cA23164EEE3d9596#code
Done in 30.38s.
6. 通过hardhat与合约交互
在deploy.js的main方法中新增如下代码
async function main() {
......
const currentValue = await simpleStorage.retrieve()
console.log(`Current Value is: ${currentValue}`)
// Update the current value
const transactionResponse = await simpleStorage.store(7)
await transactionResponse.wait(1)
const updatedValue = await simpleStorage.retrieve()
console.log(`Updated Value is: ${updatedValue}`)
}
运行及结果展示:
(base) PS D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc> yarn hardhat run scripts/deploy.js
yarn run v1.22.19
$ D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc\node_modules\.bin\hardhat run scripts/deploy.js
Deploying contract...
Deployed contract to: 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3
Current Value is: 0
Updated Value is: 7
Done in 3.62s.
7. 自定义hardhat任务
- 新建tasks/block-number.js
const { task } = require("hardhat/config")
task("block-number", "Prints the current block number").setAction(
async (taskArgs, hre) => {
const blockNumber = await hre.ethers.provider.getBlockNumber()
console.log(`Current block number: ${blockNumber}`)
}
)
module.exports = {}
- 在hardhat.config.js中新增配置
require("./tasks/block-number")
- 运行
yarn hardhat
命令
// 可以看到出现了任务
AVAILABLE TASKS:
block-number Prints the current block number
- 运行
yarn hardhat block-number --network goerli
查看最新区块号
(base) PS D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc> yarn hardhat block-number --network goerli
yarn run v1.22.19
$ D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc\node_modules\.bin\hardhat block-number --network goerli
Current block number: 7779125
Done in 14.01s.
8. hardhat本地节点
- 运行
yarn hardhat node
查看本地节点信息
(base) PS D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc> yarn hardhat node
yarn run v1.22.19
$ D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc\node_modules\.bin\hardhat node
Started HTTP and WebSocket JSON-RPC server at http://127.0.0.1:8545/
Accounts
========
WARNING: These accounts, and their private keys, are publicly known.
Any funds sent to them on Mainnet or any other live network WILL BE LOST.
Account #0: 0xf39Fd6e51aad88F6F4ce6aB8827279cffFb92266 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0xac0974bec39a17e36ba4a6b4d238ff944bacb478cbed5efcae784d7bf4f2ff80
Account #1: 0x70997970C51812dc3A010C7d01b50e0d17dc79C8 (10000 ETH)
Private Key: 0x59c6995e998f97a5a0044966f0945389dc9e86dae88c7a8412f4603b6b78690d
- 在hardhat.config.js中新增网络配置
module.exports = {
networks: {
localhost: {
url: "http://127.0.0.1:8545/",
chainId: 31337
}
}
};
- 新启动shell窗口并运行
yarn hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network localhost
(base) PS D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc> yarn hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network localhost
yarn run v1.22.19
$ D:\blockchain\blockchain\hardhat-simple-storage-fcc\node_modules\.bin\hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network localhost
Deploying contract...
Deployed contract to: 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3
Current Value is: 0
Updated Value is: 7
- 切换到node窗口可看到本地交易信息
- 在新启动的shell窗口中运行
yarn hardhat console --network localhost
我们即可在控制台与合约交互
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