算法整理 & 复习:网络流 24 题




一、最大流 & 最小割问题



1. 模板

P3376 【模板】网络最大流


1.1 Ford-Fulkerson


由于这个算法复杂度玄学,所以会 T 掉两个点。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAXN 5005
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f

int n, m, s, t;
int vis[MAXN];
int head[MAXN], cnt;

struct node{
    int to, w;
    int next;
}map[MAXN*2];

void add(int u, int v, int w)
{
    map[cnt] = (node){v, w, head[u]};
    head[u] = cnt++;
}

int dfs(int u, int flow)
{
    if (u == t) return flow;
    vis[u] = 1;
    for (int k=head[u];k!=-1;k=map[k].next)
    {
        int v = map[k].to;
        int w = map[k].w;
        int delta = 0;
        if(!vis[v] && w > 0 && (delta = dfs(v, min(flow, w))) != -1)
        {
            map[k].w -= delta;
            map[k ^ 1].w += delta;
            return delta;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

long long FF(void)
{
    int delta = 0;
    long long ans = 0;
    while ((delta = dfs(s, INF)) != -1)
    {
        memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));
        ans += delta;
    }
    return ans;
}

int main(void)
{
    memset(head, -1, sizeof(head));
    cin >> n >> m >> s >> t;
    for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        int u, v, w;
        cin >> u >> v >> w;
        add(u, v, w);
        add(v, u, 0);
    }
    cout << FF() << endl;
    return 0;
}

1.2 Edmond-Karp

#include <queue>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAXN 5005
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f

int n, m, s, t;
int last[MAXN], flow[MAXN];
int head[MAXN], cnt;

struct node{
	int to, w;
	int next;
}map[MAXN*2];

void add(int u, int v, int w)
{
    map[cnt] = (node){v, w, head[u]};
    head[u] = cnt++;
}

bool bfs(void)
{
    memset(last, -1, sizeof last);
    queue <int>que;
    que.push(s);
    flow[s] = INF;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        int u = que.front();
        que.pop();
        if (u == t) break;
        for (int k=head[u];k!=-1;k=map[k].next)
        {
            int v = map[k].to;
            int w = map[k].w;
            if (w != 0 && last[v] == -1)
            {
                last[v] = k;
                flow[v] = min(w, flow[u]);
                que.push(v);
            }
        }
    }
    return last[t] != -1;
}

long long EK()
{
    long long ans = 0;
    while (bfs())
    {
        ans += flow[t];
        for (int i=t;i!=s;i=map[last[i] ^ 1].to)
        {
            map[last[i]].w -= flow[t];
            map[last[i] ^ 1].w += flow[t];
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

int main(void)
{
    memset(head, -1, sizeof head);
    cin >> n >> m >> s >> t;
    for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        int u, v, w;
        cin >> u >> v >> w;
        add(u, v, w);
        add(v, u, 0);
    }
    cout << EK() << endl;
	return 0;
}

1.3 Dinic

#include <queue>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAXN 5005
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f

int n, m, s, t;
int temp[MAXN], dep[MAXN];
int head[MAXN], cnt;

struct node{
    int to, w, next;
}map[MAXN*2];

void add(int u, int v, int w)
{
    map[cnt] = (node){v, w, head[u]};
    head[u] = cnt++;
}

int bfs()
{
    memset(dep, -1, sizeof dep);
    memcpy(temp, head, sizeof head);
    queue <int> que;
    que.push(s);
    dep[s] = 0;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        int u = que.front();
        que.pop();
        for (int k=head[u];k!=-1;k=map[k].next)
        {
            int v = map[k].to;
            int w = map[k].w;
            if (w && dep[v] == -1)
            {
                dep[v] = dep[u] + 1;
                que.push(v);
            }
        }
    }
    return dep[t] != -1;
}

int dfs(int u, int flow)
{
    if (u == t)
    {
        return flow;
    }
    int rmnd = flow;
    for (int k=temp[u];k!=-1 && rmnd;k=map[k].next)
    {
        temp[u] = k;
        int v = map[k].to;
        int w = map[k].w;
        if (w && dep[v] == dep[u] + 1)
        {
            int delta = dfs(v, min(rmnd, w));
            rmnd -= delta;
            map[k].w -= delta;
            map[k ^ 1].w += delta;
        }
    }
    return flow - rmnd;
}

long long Dinic(void)
{
    long long ans = 0;
    while (bfs())
    {
        ans += dfs(s, INF);
    }
    return ans;
}

int main(void)
{
    memset(head, -1, sizeof head);
    cin >> n >> m >> s >> t;
    for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        int u, v, w;
        cin >> u >> v >> w;
        add(u, v, w);
        add(v, u, 0);
    }
    cout << Dinic() << endl;
    return 0;
}


2. 题目



(1) P2756 飞行员配对方案问题

题目链接


#include <queue>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAXN 10005
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f

int n, m;
int vis[MAXN], dep[MAXN], temp[MAXN], match[MAXN];
int head[MAXN], cnt = 1;

struct node{
    int to, w, next;
}map[MAXN * 2];

void add(int u, int v, int w)
{
    map[++cnt] = (node){v, w, head[u]};
    head[u] = cnt;
}

bool bfs()
{
    memset(dep, -1, sizeof dep);
    memcpy(temp, head, sizeof head);
    queue <int>que;
    que.push(0);
    dep[0] = 0;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        int u = que.front();
        que.pop();
        for (int k=head[u];k;k=map[k].next)
        {
            int v = map[k].to;
            int w = map[k].w;
            if (w && dep[v] == -1)
            {
                dep[v] = dep[u] + 1;
                que.push(v);
            }
        }
    }
    return dep[m+1] != -1;
}
 
int dfs(int u, int flow)
{
    if (u == m + 1) return flow;
    int rmnd = flow;
    for (int k=temp[u];k;k=map[k].next)
    {
        temp[u] = k;
        int v = map[k].to;
        int w = map[k].w;
        if (w && dep[v] == dep[u] + 1)
        {
            int delta = dfs(v, min(w, rmnd));
            rmnd -= delta;
            map[k].w -= delta;
            map[k ^ 1].w += delta;
            if (!map[k].w) match[u] = v;
            if (!rmnd) break;
        }
    }
    return flow - rmnd;
}

int Dinic()
{
    int ans = 0;
    while (bfs())
    {
        ans += dfs(0, INF);
    }
    return ans;
}

int main(void)
{
    cin >> n >> m;
    int u, v;
    cin >> u >> v;
    while (u!=-1 && v!=-1)
    {
        add(u, v, 1);
        add(v, u, 0);
        cin >> u >> v;
    }
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        add(0, i, 1);
        add(i, 0, 0);
    }
    for (int i=n+1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        add(i, m+1, 1);
        add(m+1, i, 0);
    }
    cout << Dinic() << endl;
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        if (match[i])
        {
            cout << i << " " << match[i] << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

顺带一提,这道题还可以用二分图匹配来做。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAXN 10005

int n, m, ans;
int vis[MAXN];
int match[MAXN];
int head[MAXN], cnt;

struct node{
    int to, next;
}map[MAXN * 2];

void add(int u, int v)
{
    map[++cnt] = (node){v, head[u]};
    head[u] = cnt;
}

bool Hungary(int u)
{
    for (int k=head[u];k;k=map[k].next)
    {
        int v = map[k].to;
        if (!vis[v])
        {
            vis[v] = 1;
            if (!match[v] || Hungary(match[v]))
            {
                match[v] = u;
                return 1;
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

int main(void)
{
    cin >> n >> m;
    int u, v;
    cin >> u >> v;
    while(u!=-1 && v!=-1)
    {
        add(u, v);
        cin >> u >> v;
    }
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        memset(vis, 0, sizeof vis);
        ans += Hungary(i);
    }
    cout << ans << endl;
    for (int i=n+1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        if (match[i])
            cout << match[i] << " " << i << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}


(2) P2763 试题库问题

题目链接


#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <queue>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAXN 200005
#define t n+K+1
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f

int K, n, m, cnt = 1, s = 0;
int dep[MAXN], temp[MAXN * 2], head[MAXN * 2], vis[MAXN];

struct node{
    int to, next, w;
}map[MAXN*2];

void add(int u, int v, int w)
{
    map[++cnt] = (node){v, head[u], w};
    head[u] = cnt;
}

bool bfs(void)
{
    memset(dep, -1, sizeof dep);
    memcpy(temp, head, sizeof head);
    queue <int> que;
    que.push(s);
    dep[s] = 0;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        int u = que.front();
        que.pop();
        for (int k=head[u];k;k=map[k].next)
        {
            int v = map[k].to;
            int w = map[k].w;
            if (w && dep[v] == -1)
            {
                dep[v] = dep[u] + 1;
                que.push(v);
            }
        }
    }
    return dep[t] != -1;
}

int dfs(int u, int flow)
{
    if (u == t)
    {
        return flow;
    }
    int rmnd = flow;
    for (int k = temp[u];k && rmnd;k=map[k].next)
    {
        int v = map[k].to;
        int w = map[k].w;
        temp[u] = k;
        if (w && dep[v] == dep[u] + 1)
        {
            int delta = dfs(v, min(rmnd, w));
            rmnd -= delta;
            map[k].w -= delta;
            map[k ^ 1].w += delta;
        }
    }
    return flow - rmnd;
}

int Dinic(void)
{
    int ans = 0;
    while (bfs())
    {
        ans += dfs(s, INF);
    }
    return ans;
}

void print(int u)
{
    for (int k=head[u];k;k=map[k].next)
    {
        int v = map[k].to;
        int w = map[k].w;
        if (v == t) continue;
        if (w == 1 && !vis[v])
        {
            cout << v << " ";
            vis[v] = 1;
        }
    }
}

int main(void)
{
    cin >> K >> n;
    for (int i=1;i<=K;i++)
    {
        int knum;
        cin >> knum;
        m += knum;
        add(i+n, t, knum);
        add(t, i+n, 0);
    }
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        int num;
        cin >> num;
        for (int j=1;j<=num;j++)
        {
            int ki;
            cin >> ki;
            add(i, ki+n, 1);
            add(ki+n, i, 0);
        }
        add(s, i, 1);
        add(i, s, 0);
    }
    if (Dinic() != m)
    {
        cout << "No Solution!";
        return 0;
    }
    for (int i=1;i<=K;i++)
    {
        cout << i << ": ";
        print(i + n);
        cout << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

当然,这道题也可以用匈牙利算法做,但是不是主流方法,这里就不给出代码了。 (其实是因为没有这么做)




二、最小费用最大流问题



1. 模板


P3381 【模板】最小费用最大流

#include <queue>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAXN 50005
#define INF 1e9

int n, m, s, t, cost;
int vis[MAXN], dis[MAXN];
int head[MAXN],cnt=1;

struct node{
    int to, w, next, f;
}map[MAXN * 2];

void add(int u, int v, int w, int f)
{
    map[++cnt] = (node){v, w, head[u], f};
    head[u] = cnt;
}

bool SPFA()
{
    memset(vis, 0, sizeof vis);
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) dis[i] = INF;
    queue <int> que;
    dis[s] = 0;
    que.push(s);
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        int u = que.front();
        que.pop();
        vis[u] = 0;
        for (int k=head[u];k;k=map[k].next)
        {
            int v = map[k].to;
            int w = map[k].w;
            int f = map[k].f;
            if (dis[v] > dis[u] + f && w)
            {
                dis[v] = dis[u] + f;
                if (!vis[v])
                {
                    vis[v] = 1;
                    que.push(v);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return dis[t] != INF;
}

int dfs(int u, int flow)
{
    if (u == t) return flow;
    int temp = flow;
    vis[u] = 1;
    for (int k=head[u];k && temp;k=map[k].next)
    {
        int v = map[k].to;
        int w = map[k].w;
        int f = map[k].f;
        if (w && dis[v] == dis[u] + f && !vis[v])
        {
            int delta = dfs(v, min(temp, w));
            temp -= delta;
            map[k].w -= delta;
            map[k ^ 1].w += delta;
            cost += delta * f;
        }
    }
    vis[u] = 0;
    return flow - temp;
}

int Dinic(void)
{
    int ans = 0;
    while (SPFA())
    {
        memset(vis, 0, sizeof vis);
        ans += dfs(s, INF);
    }
    return ans;
} 

int main(void)
{
    cin >> n >> m >> s >> t;
    for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        int u, v, w, f;
        cin >> u >> v >> w >> f;
        add(u, v, w,  f);
        add(v, u, 0, -f);
    }
    cout << Dinic() << " " << cost << endl;
    return 0;
}


2. 题目



(2) P4015 运输问题

题目链接


#include <queue>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAXN 10005
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f

int m, n, s = 0, t = 201, cost;
int cnt = 1;
int head[MAXN], dis[MAXN], vis[MAXN], val[MAXN];

struct node{
    int to, w, w2, next, f, f2;
    void init()
    {
        w = w2;
        f = f2;
    }
}map[MAXN*2];

void add(int u, int v, int w, int f)
{
    map[++cnt] = (node){v, w, w, head[u], f, f};
    head[u] = cnt;
}

bool bfs(int q)
{
    memset(dis, 0x3f, sizeof dis);
    memset(vis, 0, sizeof vis);
    queue <int> que;
    que.push(s);
    dis[s] = 0;
    vis[s] = 1;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        int u = que.front();
        que.pop();
        vis[u] = 0;
        for (int k=head[u];k;k=map[k].next)
        {
            int v = map[k].to;
            int w = map[k].w;
            int f = map[k].f * q;
            if (w && dis[u] + f < dis[v])
            {
                dis[v] = f + dis[u];
                if (!vis[v])
                {
                    vis[v] = 1;
                    que.push(v);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return dis[t] != INF;
}

int dfs(int u, int flow, int q)
{
    if (u == t)
    {
        return flow;
    }
    int rmnd = flow;
    vis[u] = 1;
    for (int k=head[u];k && rmnd;k=map[k].next)
    {
        int v = map[k].to;
        int w = map[k].w;
        int f = map[k].f * q;
        if (w && dis[v] == dis[u] + f && !vis[v])
        {
            int delta = dfs(v, min(rmnd, w), q);
            //cout << u << " " << v << " " << w << endl;
            rmnd -= delta;
            map[k].w -= delta;
            map[k ^ 1].w += delta;
            cost += delta * f * q;
        }
    }
    vis[u] = 0;
    return flow - rmnd;
}

void Dinic(int k)
{
    cost = 0;
    while (bfs(k))
    {
        memset(vis, 0, sizeof vis);
        dfs(s, INF, k);
    }
}

int main(void)
{
    cin >> m >> n;
    for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        cin >> val[i];
        add(s, i, val[i], 0);
        add(i, s, 0, 0);
    }
    for (int j=1;j<=n;j++)
    {
        cin >> val[j+100];
        add(j+100, t, val[j+100], 0);
        add(t, j+100, 0, 0);
    }
    for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        for (int j=1;j<=n;j++)
        {
            int f;
            cin >> f;
            add(i, j+100, INF, f);
            add(j+100, i, 0, -f);
        }
    }
    Dinic(1);
    cout << cost << endl;
    for (int i=1;i<=cnt;i++)
    {
        map[i].init();
    }
    Dinic(-1);
    cout << cost;
    return 0;
}



三、最大权闭合子图问题



1. 建图方法


  1. 源点向所有正权点连结一条容量为权值的边

  2. 所有负权点向汇点连结一条容量为权值绝对值的边

  3. 保留原图中所有的边,容量为正无穷

在最小割图上,如果割掉 s s s u u u 之间的边,代表不选择 u u u 进入子图,如果割掉 v v v t t t 之间的边,代表选择 v v v 进入子图。



2. 题目



(3) P2762 太空飞行计划问题

题目链接


#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
#define MAXN 2500
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f

int n, m, tot;
int cnt = 1;
int s = 0, t = 101;
int vis[MAXN], head[MAXN], dep[MAXN], temp[MAXN], dis[MAXN];

struct node{
    int to, w, next;
}map[MAXN];

void add(int u, int v, int w)
{
    map[++cnt] = (node){v, w, head[u]};
    head[u] = cnt;
}

bool bfs(void)
{
    memset(dep, -1, sizeof dep);
    memset(dis, -1, sizeof dis);
    memcpy(temp, head, sizeof head);
    queue <int>que;
    que.push(s);
    dep[s] = 0;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        int u = que.front();
        que.pop();
        for (int k=head[u];k;k=map[k].next)
        {
            int v = map[k].to;
            int w = map[k].w;
            if (w && dep[v] == -1)
            {
                dis[v] = 1;
                dep[v] = dep[u] + 1;
                que.push(v);
            }
        }
    }
    return dep[t] != -1;
}

int dfs(int u, int flow)
{
    if (u == t)
    {
        return flow;
    }
    int rmnd  = flow;
    temp[u] = head[u];
    for (int k=temp[u];k && rmnd;k=map[k].next)
    {
        temp[u] = k;
        int v = map[k].to;
        int w = map[k].w;
        if (w && dep[v] == dep[u] + 1)
        {
            int delta = dfs(v, min(rmnd, w));
            //cout << u << " " << v << " " << w << endl;
            rmnd -= delta;
            map[k].w -= delta;
            map[k ^ 1].w += delta;
        }
    }
    return flow - rmnd;
}

int Dinic(void)
{
    int ans = 0;
    while (bfs())
    {
        ans += dfs(s, INF);
    }
    return ans;
}

void read(void)
{
    cin >> n >> m;
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        int sponsor;
        cin >> sponsor;
        tot += sponsor;
        add(s, i+50, sponsor);
        add(i+50, s, 0);
        char tools[10000];
        memset(tools,0,sizeof tools);
        cin.getline(tools,10000);
        int ulen=0, tool;
        while (sscanf(tools + ulen,"%d",&tool) == 1)//之前已经用scanf读完了赞助商同意支付该实验的费用
        {//tool是该实验所需仪器的其中一个      
            //这一行,你可以将读进来的编号进行储存、处理,如连边。
            add(i+50, tool, INF);
            add(tool, i+50, 0);
            if (tool==0)
            {
                ulen++;
            }
            else
            {
                while (tool)
                {
                    tool/=10;
                    ulen++;
                }
            }
            ulen++;
        }
    }
    for (int i=1;i<=m;i++)
    {
        int pay;
        cin >> pay;
        add(i, t, pay);
        add(t, i, 0);
    }
}

int main(void)
{
    read();
    int ans =  Dinic();
    for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        if (dep[i+50] != -1)
        {
            cout << i << " ";
        }
    }
    cout << endl;
    for (int j=1;j<=m;j++)
    {
        if (dis[j] != -1)
        {
            cout << j << " ";
        }
    }
    cout << endl << tot - ans;
    return 0;
}




持续更新中。。。


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