HCIP第四次作业

一、实验拓扑

二、实验要求

       1、R4为ISP，其上只配置IP地址；R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP；

2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境，R3为中心站点；

3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分；除了R12有两个环回，其他路由器均有一个环回IP

4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回；

5、减少LSA的更新量，加快收敛，保障更新安全；

6、全网可达；

三、实验思路

1.先配置IP

2.实现公网和私网通

3.按照要求2配置MGRE

4.在R3上配置NAT（缺少缺省路由）

5.减少LSA的更新量有两种方法（配置路由聚合或特殊区域），因为配置特殊区域更能减少LSA，而且刚好可以解决缺少缺省路由，所以用配置特殊区域更好

6.通过配置Hello时间加快收敛

7. 保障更新安全可以通过配置区域或端口验证模式，这里我用区域验证

四、具体命令

1.配置IP

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.34.1 24

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.35.2 24

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.3 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.36.3 24

[R3-LoopBack0]int s4/0/0

[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.3 24

[R4]int s4/0/0

[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.3 24

[R4-Serial4/0/1]int s4/0/0

[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1

[R4-Serial4/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial4/0/1]int s3/0/0

[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.4 24

[R5]int s4/0/0

[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.5 24

[R5-Serial4/0/0]int l0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.5 24

[R6]int s4/0/0

[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24

[R6-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.1 30

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.6 24

[R7]int g0/0/0

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.7 24

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.1 30

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R7-LoopBack0]ip add

[R7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.5.7 24

[R8]int g0/0/0

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 30

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.5 30

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R8-LoopBack0]ip add

[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.8 24

[R9]int g0/0/0

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.6 30

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.129.1 30

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R9-LoopBack0]ip add

[R9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.130.9 24

[R10]int g0/0/0

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add  

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.129.2 30

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R10-LoopBack0]ip add   

[R10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.131.10 24

[R11]int g0/0/0

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add  

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.2 30

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.65.5 30

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R11-LoopBack0]ip add   

[R11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.66.11 24

[R12]int g0/0/0

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add  

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.6 30

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R12-LoopBack0]ip add   

[R12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.160.12 24

[R12-LoopBack0]int l1

[R12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.161.12 24

查看链路状态：

........

2.公网配置缺省路由

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4

[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4

[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

Ping公网是否通

3.配置OSPF

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1

[R1-ospf-1]a 1

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.1 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2

[R2-ospf-1]a 1

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.2 0.0.0.0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.35.0 0.0.0.255

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.3 0.0.0.0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5

[R5-ospf-1]a 0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6

[R6-ospf-1]a 0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q

[R6-ospf-1]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7

[R7-ospf-1]a 0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q

[R7-ospf-1]a 1

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0

[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8

[R8-ospf-1]a 3

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255

[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9

[R9-ospf-1]a 3

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.6 0.0.0.0

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q

[R9-ospf-1]q

[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9

[R9-ospf-2]a 4

[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0

[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.130.0 0.0.0.255

[R10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10

[R10-ospf-2]a 4

[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0

[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.131.0 0.0.0.255

[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11

[R11-ospf-1]a 2

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.5 0.0.0.0

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255

[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12

[R12-ospf-1]a 2

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0

4.引入域外区域

[R12]rip

[R12-rip-1]version 2

[R12-rip-1]undo summary

[R12-rip-1]net 172.16.0.0

[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip

[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1

[R9-ospf-2]q

[R9]ospf 1

[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

5.配置MGRE

[R3]int t0/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add  

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.3 24

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tu  

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol g 

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p 

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]sou 

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp n  

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp en 

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry m   

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast d

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

[R5]int t0/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add  

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.5 24

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tu  

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol g 

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p 

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]sou 

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp n  

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp en 

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 r

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R6]int t0/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add  

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.6 24

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tu  

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol g 

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p 

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]sou s4/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp n  

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R7]int t0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add  

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.7 24

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tu  

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol g 

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p 

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]sou 

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp n  

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

问题1：Tunnel接口类型为P2P类型，不选举DR/BDR,使得设备无法正常建立邻接关系，

解决方法：更改网络中tunnel接口类型为广播或者P2MP

ospf network-type broadcast

问题2：DR和BDR选举混乱，无法正常建邻

更改网络类型后，广播网络中中心站点和分支站点处于同一个广播域，此时需要进行DR和BDR的选举，但是在分支站点的世界里只和中心站点认识，分支站点和分支站点不认识，这就会发生多个分支站点和一个中心站点互相竞选DR和BDR，这样会造成选举结果混乱，可在中心站点看到混乱的场景

解决方法：将分支站点的dr选举优先级变0，这样就能保证中心站点是整个广播网络中唯一的DR

ospf dr-priority 0

隧道接口配置OSPF

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.3 0.0.0.0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.5 0.0.0.0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.6 0.0.0.0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.7 0.0.0.0

查看OSPF路由表

6. 在R3上配置NAT

[R3]acl 2000

[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R3-acl-basic-2000]q

[R3]int s4/0/0

[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat ou  

[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

缺少缺省路由，还无法ping通R4

7.配置特殊区域减少LSA更新量，并实现全网通

为了最大减少LSA,根据拓扑可知区域1配置完全末梢区域,区域2和区域3(有ASBR)配置完全非纯完全末梢区域

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

8.配置hello时间

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R8]int g0/0/0

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R9]int g0/0/0

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R11]int g0/0/0

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R12]int g0/0/0

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

9.配置区域验证

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]a 1

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R6]ospf 1

[R6-ospf-1]a 0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R7-ospf-1]a 0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

10.验证全网通