一、简介
外观模式,Facade,为子系统中的一组接口定义了一个更高层次的接口,提供了一个一致的界面,用于屏蔽内部子系统的细节,使得子系统更易于使用。
其主要包括外观类、子系统的集合和调用者。
外观类: 为调用端提供统一的调用接口,外观类知道哪些子系统负责处理请求,从而将调用端的请求代理给适当子系统对象;
子系统的集合: 指模块或者子系统,处理Facade对象指派的任务,是功能的实际提供者;
调用者: 外观接口的调用者。
二、实现
1)子系统模块
package com.giser.designpattern.facade;
public class TheaterLight {
private static TheaterLight instance = new TheaterLight();
public static TheaterLight getInstance() {
return instance;
}
public void on() {
System.out.println(" TheaterLight on ");
}
public void off() {
System.out.println(" TheaterLight off ");
}
public void dim() {
System.out.println(" TheaterLight dim.. ");
}
public void bright() {
System.out.println(" TheaterLight bright.. ");
}
}
package com.giser.designpattern.facade;
public class Stereo {
private static Stereo instance = new Stereo();
public static Stereo getInstance() {
return instance;
}
public void on() {
System.out.println(" Stereo on ");
}
public void off() {
System.out.println(" Screen off ");
}
public void up() {
System.out.println(" Screen up.. ");
}
}
package com.giser.designpattern.facade;
public class Screen {
private static Screen instance = new Screen();
public static Screen getInstance() {
return instance;
}
public void up() {
System.out.println(" Screen up ");
}
public void down() {
System.out.println(" Screen down ");
}
}
package com.giser.designpattern.facade;
public class Projector {
private static Projector instance = new Projector();
public static Projector getInstance() {
return instance;
}
public void on() {
System.out.println(" Projector on ");
}
public void off() {
System.out.println(" Projector ff ");
}
public void focus() {
System.out.println(" Projector is Projector ");
}
}
package com.giser.designpattern.facade;
public class Popcorn {
private static Popcorn instance = new Popcorn();
public static Popcorn getInstance() {
return instance;
}
public void on() {
System.out.println(" popcorn on ");
}
public void off() {
System.out.println(" popcorn ff ");
}
public void pop() {
System.out.println(" popcorn is poping ");
}
}
package com.giser.designpattern.facade;
public class DVDPlayer {
//使用单例模式, 使用饿汉式
private static DVDPlayer instance = new DVDPlayer();
public static DVDPlayer getInstanc() {
return instance;
}
public void on() {
System.out.println(" dvd on ");
}
public void off() {
System.out.println(" dvd off ");
}
public void play() {
System.out.println(" dvd is playing ");
}
public void pause() {
System.out.println(" dvd pause ..");
}
}
2)外观类
package com.giser.designpattern.facade;
/**
* @Note {外观模式}
* @author giserDev
* @Date 2020-05-25 22:45:08
*/
public class HomeTheaterFacade {
//定义各个子系统对象
private TheaterLight theaterLight;
private Popcorn popcorn;
private Stereo stereo;
private Projector projector;
private Screen screen;
private DVDPlayer dVDPlayer;
//构造器
public HomeTheaterFacade() {
super();
this.theaterLight = TheaterLight.getInstance();
this.popcorn = Popcorn.getInstance();
this.stereo = Stereo.getInstance();
this.projector = Projector.getInstance();
this.screen = Screen.getInstance();
this.dVDPlayer = DVDPlayer.getInstanc();
}
//提供统一的外观操作:ready()、play()、pause()、end()
public void ready() {
popcorn.on();
popcorn.pop();
screen.down();
projector.on();
stereo.on();
dVDPlayer.on();
theaterLight.dim();
}
public void play() {
dVDPlayer.play();
}
public void pause() {
dVDPlayer.pause();
}
public void end() {
popcorn.off();
theaterLight.bright();
screen.up();
projector.off();
stereo.off();
dVDPlayer.off();
}
}
3)测试
package com.giser.designpattern.facade;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HomeTheaterFacade homeTheaterFacade = new HomeTheaterFacade();
homeTheaterFacade.ready();
homeTheaterFacade.play();
homeTheaterFacade.pause();
homeTheaterFacade.end();
}
}
三、总结
1)外观模式对外屏蔽了子系统的细节,降低了客户端使用子系统的复杂度;
2)外观模式更好地划分了访问的层次;
3)当系统需要分层设计时,可以考虑使用Facade模式;
4)源码使用:MyBatis中的Configuration类中船舰MetaObject对象时使用了外观模式。