外观模式

一、简介
外观模式，Facade，为子系统中的一组接口定义了一个更高层次的接口，提供了一个一致的界面，用于屏蔽内部子系统的细节，使得子系统更易于使用。
其主要包括外观类、子系统的集合和调用者。
外观类： 为调用端提供统一的调用接口，外观类知道哪些子系统负责处理请求，从而将调用端的请求代理给适当子系统对象；
子系统的集合： 指模块或者子系统，处理Facade对象指派的任务，是功能的实际提供者；
调用者： 外观接口的调用者。

二、实现
1）子系统模块

package com.giser.designpattern.facade;

public class TheaterLight {

	private static TheaterLight instance = new TheaterLight();

	public static TheaterLight getInstance() {
		return instance;
	}

	public void on() {
		System.out.println(" TheaterLight on ");
	}

	public void off() {
		System.out.println(" TheaterLight off ");
	}

	public void dim() {
		System.out.println(" TheaterLight dim.. ");
	}

	public void bright() {
		System.out.println(" TheaterLight bright.. ");
	}
	
}

package com.giser.designpattern.facade;

public class Stereo {

	private static Stereo instance = new Stereo();
	
	public static Stereo getInstance() {
		return instance;
	}
	
	public void on() {
		System.out.println(" Stereo on ");
	}
	
	public void off() {
		System.out.println(" Screen off ");
	}
	
	public void up() {
		System.out.println(" Screen up.. ");
	}
	
}

package com.giser.designpattern.facade;

public class Screen {

	private static Screen instance = new Screen();
	
	public static Screen getInstance() {
		return instance;
	}
	
	public void up() {
		System.out.println(" Screen up ");
	}
	
	public void down() {
		System.out.println(" Screen down ");
	}

}

package com.giser.designpattern.facade;

public class Projector {

	private static Projector instance = new Projector();
	
	public static Projector getInstance() {
		return instance;
	}
	
	public void on() {
		System.out.println(" Projector on ");
	}
	
	public void off() {
		System.out.println(" Projector ff ");
	}
	
	public void focus() {
		System.out.println(" Projector is Projector  ");
	}

}

package com.giser.designpattern.facade;

public class Popcorn {
	
	private static Popcorn instance = new Popcorn();
	
	public static Popcorn getInstance() {
		return instance;
	}
	
	public void on() {
		System.out.println(" popcorn on ");
	}
	
	public void off() {
		System.out.println(" popcorn ff ");
	}
	
	public void pop() {
		System.out.println(" popcorn is poping  ");
	}
}

package com.giser.designpattern.facade;

public class DVDPlayer {
	
	//使用单例模式, 使用饿汉式
	private static DVDPlayer instance = new DVDPlayer();
	
	public static DVDPlayer getInstanc() {
		return instance;
	}
	
	public void on() {
		System.out.println(" dvd on ");
	}
	public void off() {
		System.out.println(" dvd off ");
	}
	
	public void play() {
		System.out.println(" dvd is playing ");
	}
	
	public void pause() {
		System.out.println(" dvd pause ..");
	}
	
}

2)外观类

package com.giser.designpattern.facade;

/**
 * @Note {外观模式}
 * @author giserDev
 * @Date 2020-05-25 22:45:08
 */
public class HomeTheaterFacade {
	
	//定义各个子系统对象
	private TheaterLight theaterLight;
	private Popcorn popcorn;
	private Stereo stereo;
	private Projector projector;
	private Screen screen;
	private DVDPlayer dVDPlayer;
	
	//构造器
	public HomeTheaterFacade() {
		super();
		this.theaterLight = TheaterLight.getInstance();
		this.popcorn = Popcorn.getInstance();
		this.stereo = Stereo.getInstance();
		this.projector = Projector.getInstance();
		this.screen = Screen.getInstance();
		this.dVDPlayer = DVDPlayer.getInstanc();
	}

	//提供统一的外观操作：ready()、play()、pause()、end()
	public void ready() {
		popcorn.on();
		popcorn.pop();
		screen.down();
		projector.on();
		stereo.on();
		dVDPlayer.on();
		theaterLight.dim();
	}
	
	public void play() {
		dVDPlayer.play();
	}
	
	public void pause() {
		dVDPlayer.pause();
	}
	
	public void end() {
		popcorn.off();
		theaterLight.bright();
		screen.up();
		projector.off();
		stereo.off();
		dVDPlayer.off();
	}

}

3)测试

package com.giser.designpattern.facade;

public class Client {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		HomeTheaterFacade homeTheaterFacade = new HomeTheaterFacade();
		homeTheaterFacade.ready();
		homeTheaterFacade.play();
		homeTheaterFacade.pause();
		homeTheaterFacade.end();
	}

}

三、总结
1）外观模式对外屏蔽了子系统的细节，降低了客户端使用子系统的复杂度；
2）外观模式更好地划分了访问的层次；
3）当系统需要分层设计时，可以考虑使用Facade模式；
4）源码使用：MyBatis中的Configuration类中船舰MetaObject对象时使用了外观模式。