观察者模式

一、简介
观察者模式是对象间多对一依赖的一种设计方案，被依赖的对象称为Subject，依赖的对象为Observer，Subject通知Observer发生的变化。
相关设计类图如下：

二、实现
1）Subject

package com.giser.designpattern.observer;

/**
 * @Note {接口}
 * @author giserDev
 * @Date 2020-06-07 19:59:52
 */
public interface Subject {
	void registerObserver(Observer observer);
	void removeObserver(Observer observer);
	void notifyObservers();
}

2) Observer

package com.giser.designpattern.observer;

/**
 * @Note {观察者接口}
 * @author giserDev
 * @Date 2020-06-07 19:57:42
 */
public interface Observer {
	void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity);
}

3) 核心类

package com.giser.designpattern.observer;

import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * @Note {核心类
 * 	 1、包含天气情况信息和观察者集合；
 * 	 2、数据更新时，通过集合通知所有观察者。
 * }
 * @author giserDev
 * @Date 2020-06-07 20:01:31
 */
public class WeatherData implements Subject {
	
	private float temperature;
	private float pressure;
	private float humidity;
	private ArrayList<Observer> observerList;
	
	public WeatherData() {
		observerList = new ArrayList<>();
	}
	
	/**
	 * @Note {更新数据信息}
	 * @author giserDev
	 * @Date 2020-06-07 20:15:41
	 */
	public void updateWeatherData(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
		this.temperature = temperature;
		this.pressure = pressure;
		this.humidity = humidity;
		
		// 推送数据更新
		notifyObservers();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 注册观察者
	 */
	@Override
	public void registerObserver(Observer observer) {
		observerList.add(observer);
	}

	/**
	 * 移除观察者
	 */
	@Override
	public void removeObserver(Observer observer) {
		if (observerList.contains(observer)) {
			observerList.remove(observer);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 通知所有观察者
	 */
	@Override
	public void notifyObservers() {
		for (Observer observer : observerList) {
			observer.update(temperature, pressure, humidity);
		}
	}

	public float getTemperature() {
		return temperature;
	}

	public void setTemperature(float temperature) {
		this.temperature = temperature;
	}

	public float getPressure() {
		return pressure;
	}

	public void setPressure(float pressure) {
		this.pressure = pressure;
	}

	public float getHumidity() {
		return humidity;
	}

	public void setHumidity(float humidity) {
		this.humidity = humidity;
	}

	public ArrayList<Observer> getObserverList() {
		return observerList;
	}

	public void setObserverList(ArrayList<Observer> observerList) {
		this.observerList = observerList;
	}
	
}

4) 观察者

package com.giser.designpattern.observer;

public class CurrentCondition implements Observer {

	private float temperature;
	private float pressure;
	private float humidity;
	
	@Override
	public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
		this.temperature = temperature;
		this.pressure = pressure;
		this.humidity = humidity;
		display();
	}

	private void display() {
		System.out.println("***Today mTemperature: " + temperature + "***");
		System.out.println("***Today mPressure: " + pressure + "***");
		System.out.println("***Today mHumidity: " + humidity + "***");
	}

}

5) 测试

package com.giser.designpattern.observer;

/**
 * @Note {客户端}
 * @author giserDev
 * @Date 2020-06-07 20:11:23
 */
public class Client {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 创建WeatherData，用于观察者的注册、移除、通知等
		WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
		
		// 创建观察者
		CurrentCondition currentCondition = new CurrentCondition();
		
		// 将观察者注册到WeatherData
		weatherData.registerObserver(currentCondition);
		
		// 测试通知
		weatherData.updateWeatherData(10f, 99.0f, 28.8f);
		
	}
}

当需要添加新的观察者时，只需直接注册即可。

package com.giser.designpattern.observer;

public class Sina implements Observer {

	private float temperature;
	private float pressure;
	private float humidity;
	
	@Override
	public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
		this.temperature = temperature;
		this.pressure = pressure;
		this.humidity = humidity;
		display();
	}

	private void display() {
		System.out.println("***Sina mTemperature: " + temperature + "***");
		System.out.println("***Sina mPressure: " + pressure + "***");
		System.out.println("***Sina mHumidity: " + humidity + "***");
	}

}

客户端

package com.giser.designpattern.observer;

/**
 * @Note {客户端}
 * @author giserDev
 * @Date 2020-06-07 20:11:23
 */
public class Client {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 创建WeatherData，用于观察者的注册、移除、通知等
		WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
		
		// 创建观察者
		CurrentCondition currentCondition = new CurrentCondition();
		Sina sina = new Sina();// 添加新的观察者
		
		// 将观察者注册到WeatherData
		weatherData.registerObserver(currentCondition);
		weatherData.registerObserver(sina);// 注册新的观察者
		
		// 测试通知
		weatherData.updateWeatherData(10f, 99.0f, 28.8f);
		
	}
}

三、说明
1）观察者模式以集合的方式管理Observer，包括注册、移除和通知等，遵守了OCP原则。
2）在JDK中的java.util.Observable类中使用了观察者模式：

public class Observable {
    private boolean changed = false;
    private Vector<Observer> obs;

    /** Construct an Observable with zero Observers. */
    public Observable() {
        obs = new Vector<>();
    }

    public synchronized void addObserver(Observer o) {
        if (o == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        if (!obs.contains(o)) {
            obs.addElement(o);
        }
    }

    public synchronized void deleteObserver(Observer o) {
        obs.removeElement(o);
    }
    
    public void notifyObservers() {
        notifyObservers(null);
    }

    public void notifyObservers(Object arg) {
		// 省略部分代码
        for (int i = arrLocal.length-1; i>=0; i--)
            ((Observer)arrLocal[i]).update(this, arg);
    }

    /**
     * Clears the observer list so that this object no longer has any observers.
     */
    public synchronized void deleteObservers() {
        obs.removeAllElements();
    }

  // 省略部分代码
}