条件变量案例

条件变量通常与互斥锁一同使用，在本案例中，有生产者、消费者以及容器（链条），由于单单使用互斥锁进行数据生产和消费时，若缓冲区（容器）内数据为空时会浪费资源，所以使用条件变量来使得系统的资源得到最大化利用，当缓冲区为空时，消费者给生产者发送信号并把互斥锁打开，生产者接受到信号就生产数据放入缓冲区（容器），再返回信号给消费者，消费者再上锁

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

struct Node{
    int num;
    struct Node *next;
};


pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_cond_t cond;

struct Node * head = NULL;

void* producer(void* arg){

    while(1){
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        struct Node * newNode = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
        newNode->next = head;
        head = newNode;
        newNode->num = rand()%1000;
        printf("produce  tids:%ld  num:%d\n",pthread_self(),newNode->num);
        pthread_cond_signal(&cond);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
        usleep(100);
    }
    


    return NULL;
}

void* customer(void* arg){

    while(1){
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
        struct Node * tmp = head;
        if(head!=NULL){
            head = head->next;
            printf("customer  tids:%ld   num:%d\n",pthread_self(),tmp->num);
            free(tmp);
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
            usleep(100);
        }else{
            pthread_cond_wait(&cond,&mutex);
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
        }
        
        
        
    }
    

    return NULL;
}


int main(){

    pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
    pthread_cond_init(&cond,NULL);
    pthread_t pids[5],cids[5];


    for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
        pthread_create(&pids[i],NULL,producer,NULL);
        pthread_create(&cids[i],NULL,customer,NULL);
    }

    for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
        pthread_detach(pids[i]);
        pthread_detach(cids[i]);
    }

    while(1) {
        sleep(10);
    }

    pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
    pthread_cond_destroy(&cond);
    pthread_exit(NULL);


    return 0;
}