三、python中的三种机制

顺序

和大多数变成语言一样（此处略）

选择

if…else…
if…elif…elif…else…
注意：后面的冒号和其他编程语言的不同点

例子1：剪刀石头布游戏

import random

player = int(input("请输入数字——0(剪刀)1(石头)2(布)："))
computer = random.randint(0,2)

if (player == 0 and computer == 2) or (player == 1 and computer == 0) or (palyer == 2 and computer == 1):
    print("player win!")
elif player == computer:
    print("draw")
else:
    print("computer win!")

例子2：坐火车过安检

# if嵌套（执行事情有先后顺序）
is_ticket = 1
is_knife = 1

if is_ticket == 1:
    print("请进行安检！")
    if is_knife == 1:
        print("您随身携带违禁物品，请等待处理！")
    else:
        print("安检通过，请乘车！")
else:
    print("您还未购票，请买票之后再进站！")

循环

两种：while和for
break和continue

例子1：打印1-100之间的数

i = 1
while i < = 100:
    print(i)
    i+=1

例子2：打印图形

*
**
***
****
******

i= 1
while i <= 5:
    j = 1
    while j <= i:
        print("*",end=" ")
        j+=1
    print(" ")
    i += 1

循环问题的框架
i = 1
while i <= 100:
    代码
    i += 1

例子3：打印九九乘法表

i = 1
while i <= 9:
    j = 1
    while j <= i:
        print("%d*%d=%d\t"%(j,i,i*j),end="") #不换行显示
        j += 1
    print(" ") #换行
    i += 1

例子4：打印1-100之间的前20个偶数

i = 1
k = 0
while i < 100:
    if i % 2 == 0:  
        if k == 20:
            break
        print(i)
        k += 1
    i += 1

例子5：for循环
循环输出字符串的内容

name = 'zhangsan'
for temp in name:
    print(temp)

例子7：使用break来结束循环

i = 1
while i < 5:
    if i = 3:
        break  #break用来结束while循环
    print(i)
    i += 1

例子8：使用continue来结束本次循环

i = 1
while i < 5:
    if i = 3:
        continue  #continue用来结束本次循环，执行下一次循环
    print(i)
    i += 1