第九单元总结

                                                 openssh-server 
openssh-server

功能：让远程主机可以通过网络访问sshd服务，开始一个安全shell

####2.客户端连接方式####
ssh 远程主机用户@远程主机ip
[root@desktop0 ~]# sshroot@172.25.0.11
The authenticity of host '172.25.0.11 (172.25.0.11)'can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes     连接陌生主机时需要建立认证关系
Warning: Permanently added '172.25.0.11' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@172.25.0.11's password:               远程用户密码
Last login: Mon Oct  3 03:13:472016
[root@server0 ~]#                  登陆成功

ssh 远程主机用户@远程主机ip -X             ##调用远程主机图形工具
ssh    远程主机用户@远程主机ip   command      ##直接在远程主机运行某条命令




####3.sshkey加密####
1.生成公钥私钥
[root@server0 ~]# ssh-keygen       ##生成公钥私钥工具
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):[enter]   ##加密字符保存文件（建议用默认）
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):        [enter]     ##密钥密码，必须>4个字符
Enter same passphrase again:               [enter]     ##确认密码
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:                   
ab:3c:73:2e:c8:0b:75:c8:39:3a:46:a2:22:34:84:81 root@server0.example.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|o                |
|E.               |
|..               |
|.  . o           |
|.o. * . S        |
|oo.o o   .       |
|+ =. .  .        |
|o. oo.+..        |
|    ..o*.        |
+-----------------+

[root@server0 ~]# ls /root/.ssh/
id_rsa  id_rsa.pub
id_rsa      ##私钥，就是钥匙
id_rsa.pub  ##公钥，就是锁

2.添加key认证方式
[root@server0 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.25.0.11

ssh-copy-id     ##添加key认证方式的工具
-i          ##指定加密key文件
/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub  ##加密key
root            ##加密用户为root
172.25.0.11     ##被加密主机ip

3.分发钥匙给client主机
[root@server0 ~]# scp /root/.ssh/id_rsaroot@172.25.0.10:/root/.ssh/

4.测试

[root@desktop0 ~]# ssh root@172.25.0.11        ##通过id_rsa直接连接不需要输入用户密码
Last login: Mon Oct  3 03:58:10 2016 from172.25.0.250
[root@server0 ~]#

####4.提升openssh的安全级别####
1.openssh-server配置文件
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
78 PasswordAuthentication yes|no       ##是否开启用户密码认证，yes为支持no为关闭
48 PermitRootLogin yes|no          ##是否允许超级用户登陆
49 AllowUsers student westos           ##用户白名单，只有在名单中出现的用户可以使用sshd建立shell
50 DenyUsers westos            ##用户黑名单

2.控制ssh客户端访问
vim /etc/hosts.deny
sshd:ALL        ##拒绝所有人链接sshd服务

vim /etc/hosts.allow
sshd:172.25.254.250 ##允许250主机链接sshd

sshd:172.25.254.250， 172.25.254.180   ##允许250和180链接

sshd:ALL EXCEPT 172.25.254.200     ##只不允许200链接sshd


3.ssh登陆提示修改该
vim /etc/motd     ##显示登陆后字符

hello world     ##在登陆后就会显示这个字符